Factors In Men Research Articles

Association of Fibrinogen as a Myocardial Infraction Risk Factor in Men

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an irreversible myocardial injury and necrosis caused by serious and long term ischemia. Fibrinogen is considered asone of the probable risk factors of myocardial infarction.Patients and methods: 1.8-mL venous blood specimen from 40 patients with MI and 50 control subjects was obtained and put it into tubes containing 0.2 mol/L trisodium citrate. Plasma fibrinogen level was determined by the method of Clauss (Diagnostic Stago, France).Results The mean age of patients was (45.2 ± 6) years in patients with premature myocardial infarction and (45.06±5) years in the control group (p =0.07). There were no statistically significant relationships between the two groups in history of premature myocardial infarction in their first-degree relatives (p =0.05), cigarette smoking (p =0.06), diabetes (p =0.08), or hypertension (p =0.071). The mean plasma fibrinogen in patients (495 ±10.2mg/dL) was elevated markedly compared with the control group (465±8.4 mg/dl) ( p =0.01) . Hyperfibrinogenemia (>450 mg/dL) was detected in 87.5% of patients and 52.0% of controls.Conclusion: This study introduced fibrinogen as a risk factor for premature coronary artery disease in Iraqi men.

Prevalence of Sexual Activity and Associated Factors in Men Aged 75 to 95 Years

Knowledge about sexuality in elderly persons is limited, and normative data are lacking. To determine the proportion of older men who are sexually active and to explore factors predictive of sexual activity. Population-based cohort study. Community-dwelling men from Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 3274 men aged 75 to 95 years. Questionnaires from 1996 to 1999, 2001 to 2004, and 2008 to 2009 assessed social and medical factors. Sex hormones were measured from 2001 to 2004. Sexual activity was assessed by questionnaire from 2008 to 2009. A total of 2783 men (85.0%) provided data on sexual activity. Sex was considered at least somewhat important by 48.8% (95% CI, 47.0% to 50.6%), and 30.8% (CI, 29.1% to 32.5%) had had at least 1 sexual encounter in the past 12 months. Of the latter, 56.5% were satisfied with the frequency of activity, whereas 43.0% had sex less often than preferred. In cross-sectional analyses, increasing age, partner's lack of interest, partner's physical limitations, osteoporosis, prostate cancer, diabetes, antidepressant use, and β-blocker use were independently associated with reduced odds of sexual activity. Living with a partner and having a non-English-speaking background were associated with increased odds. In longitudinal analyses, higher testosterone levels were associated with increased odds of being sexually active. Other factors were similar to the cross-sectional model. Response bias may have influenced findings because sexuality can be a sensitive topic. Attrition may have resulted in a healthier-than-average sample of older men. One half of elderly men consider sex important, and one third report being sexually active. Men's health problems were associated with lack of sexual activity. Key modifiable risk factors include diabetes, depression, and medication use. Endogenous testosterone levels predict sexual activity, but the role of testosterone therapy remains uncertain. National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.

Fracture Types and Risk Factors in Men With Prostate Cancer on Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Matched Cohort Study of 19,079 Men

Accumulating evidence shows that androgen deprivation therapy is associated with osteoporosis and fragility fractures of the spine, hip and wrist. One study suggested that androgen deprivation therapy may also be associated with nonfragility fractures in older men. Whether other clinical risk factors independently increase the risk of fractures is not certain. Using linked administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, we matched 19,079 men 66 years old or older with prostate cancer with at least 6 months of continuous androgen deprivation therapy or bilateral orchiectomy with men with prostate cancer who had never received androgen deprivation. Matching variables were age, prior cancer treatment, diagnosis year, comorbidity, medication, prior fractures and socioeconomic variables. Primary outcomes were a typical fragility fracture of the spine, hip or wrist and any fracture. Independent predictors of fracture outcomes were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models. At a mean 6.47-year followup androgen deprivation therapy was associated with an increased risk of fragility fracture (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.53-1.78) and any fracture (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.39-1.54). Independent predictors of fragility and any fracture were increasing age, prior bone thinning medications, chronic kidney disease, prior dementia, prior fragility fracture and prior osteoporosis diagnosis or treatment (p <0.05). Continuous androgen deprivation therapy for at least 6 months is associated with an increased risk of fracture. Increasing age, prior osteoporotic fracture and dementia are important clinical factors that may warrant greater consideration of anti-osteoporotic therapy in these men.

Sociodemographic and Etiological Factors in Men with Sexual Failure in Wedding Night

Background and objective: Honeymoon sexual dysfunctions mean the inability of men to do first sexual intercourse with their virgin wives. Immediate causes include performance anxiety or fear of failure, lack of adequate stimulation, and relationship conflict. To study the sociodemographic and etiological factors concerning men sexual failure in wedding night. Methods: The study was undertaken between the period of December 2004 and December 2007 at Azadi general hospital, which included 60 male patients presented to the psychiatric out-patient clinic with the chief complaint of sexual failure in wedding night and in whom organic causes had been excluded. Results: The commonest age of patients were between 25-29 years (55%) , most of whom were educated below secondary school(57%), unskilled worker(58%) and from rural area (73%). 50% of them were presented more than one month. The commonest fear was fear of failure (67%) and the commonest sexual dysfunction was erectile failure (90%). 72% of patients contributed their problem to witchcraft, evil eye and jinn possession, while 7% of them contributed their problem to psychological causes. 22% of patients had previous history of consultation with non psychiatric physician for their problem, while 67%of them had previous history of contact with healers.73% of patients, their marriage were traditionally arranged and most of couples (75%) had rarely contact during engagement. 88% of patients had spent their wedding night at their primary family home,13% of them had foreplay before intercourse and only 3% had previous past sexual experience. Conclusion: Men sexual dysfunction caused by the interaction of multiple factors, mainly psychological, social, cultural and educational level.

Survival Rates and Related Factors in Men with Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

Purpose: We evaluated survival rate in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) and the clinical factors that influenced survival rate and time. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 96 patients who had HRPC and were not treated with chemotherapy from 2000 to 2008 were reviewed. We evaluated the survival rates at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year by using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. We also evaluated survival differences according to clinical variables (clinical T stage, Gleason score, nadir prostate-specific antigen [PSA], PSA doubling time, and PSA velocity) by using the log-rank test and the relations between survival rates and these variables by using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The mean age of the patients was 67.8±7.5 years and the mean follow-up period was 23.3±13.7 months. Cancer-specific survival rates at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year were 57.8%, 16.8%, and 10.1%, respectively, and survival differences were significantly related to nadir PSA (p=0.002) and PSA velocity (p=0.019). In the univariate analysis, nadir PSA (p=0.004) and PSA velocity (p=0.024) were related to survival rate, but only nadir PSA remained as a significant variable for survival rate in patients with HRPC in the multivariate analysis (p=0.044). Conclusions: Cancer-specific survival rates in patients with HRPC at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year were 57.8%, 16.8%, and 10.1%, respectively, and they were related to nadir PSA. These results may be useful in determining a therapeutic approach in patients with HRPC. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:649-655) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏

Late Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Santiago, Chile. Characteristics and Risk Factors in Men

Background: The ratio of men and women with AIDS in Chile in 2002–2006 was 7:1. Notification rate of HIV/AIDS in men during 2006 was 11.1 per 100.000 inhabitants. From 1990 to 2005 39.9% of all HIV infections were notified in AIDS stage (5,535). During the same period AIDS caused 5,288 fatalities. Late diagnosis of HIV (LD-HIV) is an important Public Health problem due to its high cost, morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics and risk factors related to LD-HIV, in order to define a risk profile and focus screening campaigns. Methods: A case control study was conducted at San José Hospital, a public hospital in Santiago, Chile. LD-HIV (case) was defined as a person with HIV infection and AIDS diagnosed in C3 stage within six months of its first HIV test. Control was a person in A1 stage. Data was retrieved from medical records and notification bulletin of patients who entered the HIV program from 1991 to 2007. Results: 152 patients were included, 86 cases and 66 controls. The mean age was 38.1 ± 9.4 vs. 30.9 ± 7.4 respectively (p = 0.0001). 77% had ≥12y of formal-education. 74.5% of cases were heterosexual vs. 25.5% (p = 0.003). 2.3% of cases vs. 10.6% had had sex with PLWHA (p = 0.004). 26.3% of cases vs. 13.8% were alcoholic (p = 0.027). 20% of all the subjects had used illicit drugs and 3.8% were IDU (nss). 33% of cases had PJP as definitory disease and only 4.2% had pulmonary TB. The mean LTCD4+ was 58 ± 49.9. 7.4% of cases died. The risk factors associated with LD-HIV were heterosexuality (OR = 2.6[1.1–6.6]95%) and age above 30 years (OR = 3.5[1.6–7.8]95%). Conclusions: heterosexuality and age above 30 years were identified as risk factors to LD-HIV. Alcoholism was also associated. It's important to focus screening campaigns to this group in our country.

Abdominal and Gynoid Fat Mass Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men and Women

Abdominal obesity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the correlation of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements of regional fat mass with CVD risk factors has not been completely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of estimated regional fat mass, measured with DEXA and CVD risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study of 175 men and 417 women. DEXA measurements of regional fat mass were performed on all subjects, who subsequently participated in a community intervention program. Outcome measures included impaired glucose tolerance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. We began by assessing the associations of the adipose measures with the cardiovascular outcomes. After adjustment for confounders, a sd unit increase in abdominal fat mass was the strongest predictor of most cardiovascular variables in men [odds ratio (OR)=2.63-3.37; P<0.05], whereas the ratio of abdominal to gynoid fat mass was the strongest predictor in women (OR=1.48-2.19; P<0.05). Gynoid fat mass was positively associated with impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in men (OR=2.07-2.15; P<0.05), whereas the ratio of gynoid to total fat mass showed a negative association with hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension (OR=0.42-0.62; P<0.005). Abdominal fat mass is strongly independently associated with CVD risk factors in the present study. In contrast, gynoid fat mass was positively associated, whereas the ratio of gynoid to total fat mass was negatively associated with risk factors for CVD.

Timing of Androgen Deprivation Therapy and its Impact on Survival After Radical Prostatectomy: A Matched Cohort Study

We assessed the impact of the timing of androgen deprivation on disease progression after radical prostatectomy for patients with localized prostate cancer. We evaluated all patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1990 and 1999. Patients with pathological lymph node negative disease who received androgen deprivation therapy were then separated into 5 groups for analysis based on the time of hormone therapy initiation: 1--adjuvant androgen deprivation, 2--androgen deprivation therapy started at a postoperative prostate specific antigen of 0.4 ng/ml or greater, 3--at prostate specific antigen 1.0 or greater, 4--at prostate specific antigen 2.0 or greater and 5--at systemic progression. The first 4 groups were matched by clinical and pathological features to control groups who did not receive androgen deprivation after surgery using a nested, matched cohort design. Median followup for the entire cohort was 10 years. Clinical end points included systemic progression-free survival and cancer specific survival. After matching clinicopathological variables adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy was associated with improved 10-year systemic progression-free survival (95% vs 90%, p <0.001) and 10-year cancer specific survival (98% vs 95%, p = 0.009), although overall survival for these patients remained unchanged (84% vs 83%, p = 0.427). In contrast, we found that men who started hormonal therapy at a postoperative prostate specific antigen of 0.4 or greater, 1.0 or 2.0 did not have improved systemic progression-free or cancer specific survival. Adjuvant hormonal therapy modestly improves cancer specific survival and systemic progression-free survival after prostatectomy. The benefit of hormone therapy is lost when androgen deprivation is delivered at the time of prostate specific antigen recurrence or systemic progression.

Androgens and Glucuronidated Androgen Metabolites Are Associated with Metabolic Risk Factors in Men

Androgens are associated with metabolic risk factors in men. However, the independent impact of androgens and androgen metabolites on metabolic risk factors in men is unclear. Our objective was to determine the predictive value of serum levels of androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites for metabolic risk factors. We conducted a population-based study of two Swedish cohorts (1,068 young adult and 1,001 elderly men). We measured correlation of serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), and glucuronidated androgen metabolites with fat mass, fat distribution, serum lipids, and insulin resistance. Both DHT and T were negatively associated with different measures of fat mass in both cohorts (P < 0.001). Further statistical analysis indicated that DHT, but not T, was independently negatively associated with different measures of fat mass and insulin resistance (P < 0.001). The glucuronidated androgen metabolite androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol-17glucuronide (17G) was independently positively associated with fat mass (P < 0.001). Most importantly, the 17G to DHT ratio was strongly correlated, not only with fat mass but also with central fat distribution, intrahepatic fat, disturbed lipid profile, insulin resistance, and diabetes, explaining a substantial part of the total variance in total body fat (12% in young adult men, 15% in elderly men), the homeostasis model assessment index (10%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (7%). Our findings demonstrate that 17-glucuronidation of the DHT metabolite androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol is strongly associated with several metabolic risk factors in men. Future longitudinal studies are required to determine the possible impact of the 17G to DHT ratio as a metabolic risk factor in men.

Fatherhood as a Personality Development Factor in Men

The article represents an empirical study of paternity as a male personality development factor in men. Consensus is emerging that responsible fatherhood entitles the father to establish paternity, be present in the child's life, share economic support, and be personally involved in the child's life in collaboration with the mother. Literature reviews on fatherhood yield numerous empirical studies of specific fatherhood behaviors, whereas theory and the "bigger picture" have been notably insufficient. In the present article, problems of fatherhood in modern society, methodological problems of studying fathering, and cultural specifics of fatherhood are discussed. In addition, in order to aid further study of the phenomenon, the theoretically developed and experimentally approved model of the structure of paternity and the description of a specially developed training for fathers are presented. A principal finding of this report is that fatherhood is socially determined and influenced by contextual forces within the family and the community. The absence of a father-figure is detrimental to child personality development. At the same time, fatherhood can be a factor of male personality development of the father.

227: Dihydrotestosterone as a Prognostic Factor in Men with Screening-detected Prostate Cancer

227: Dihydrotestosterone as a Prognostic Factor in Men with Screening-detected Prostate Cancer

Bladder Cancer Incidence and Risk Factors in Men With Prostate Cancer: Results From Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor

We evaluated a large disease registry to determine the incidence of bladder cancer in patients with prostate cancer and investigate whether the type of treatment for prostate cancer increased the risk of bladder cancer. We analyzed the CaPSURE disease registry for men diagnosed with prostate cancer plus bladder cancer between 1989 and 2003. Demographics, comorbidities and prostate cancer treatment modalities were compared in patients with and without bladder cancer. A backward stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to predict bladder cancer onset after treatment for prostate cancer in patients who had bladder cancer 30 days or greater after prostate cancer treatment. Of 9,780 patients from CaPSURE 143 (1.46%) also had bladder cancer. Patients with bladder cancer and prostate cancer were older (p<0.01) and more likely to be white (p=0.03), and they had lower levels of income (p<0.01) and education (p=0.04) than patients with prostate cancer only. Comorbidities did not differ between patients with and without bladder cancer. Patients treated with radical prostatectomy were approximately half as likely to have posttreatment bladder cancer as patients who underwent radiation therapy (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29-0.89). Patients who smoked had an independent increase in the risk of bladder cancer (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.09-3.97), while smokers treated with radiation therapy were at almost 4-fold risk for bladder cancer (HR 3.65, 95% CI 1.45-9.16). The incidence of bladder cancer in patients with prostate cancer was 1.5%. Radiation therapy and smoking increased the risk of bladder cancer.

The Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men and Women

The Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men and Women

The Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men and Women

C-reactive protein (CRP) has emerged as an important indicator of risk for cardiovascular disease. The impact of gender on the relationship between CRP and other cardiovascular risk factors, however, has not been thoroughly investigated. Ninety men and 75 women participated in this study. Age, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and hs-CRP were ascertained. Maximal oxygen consumption was obtained via treadmill testing, and aortic stiffness was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Log hs-CRP level was significantly higher in the female subjects compared with the males subjects (0.86 +/- 0.67 mg/L vs 0.63 +/- 0.44 mg/L, respectively; P = .003). In the male group, Pearson product moment correlation analysis showed that log hs-CRP was not significantly correlated (P > .10) with any of the other variables of interest. In the female group, however, log hs-CRP was significantly correlated (P < .05) with total cholesterol (r = 0.30), low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.27), tryglycerides (r = 0.51), and body mass index (r = 0.36). Linear regression analysis determined that triglycerides and body mass index explained 30% of the variability in log hs-CRP. These results indicate that the relationship between CRP and other cardiac risk factors is different between apparently healthy men and women. The prognostic characteristics of CRP and the impact of statin therapy on CRP may therefore differ between men and women. Future research should be directed toward resolving this issue.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH—ED PHARMACOTHERAPY: Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil Across Ethnic Groups and Various Risk Factors in Men with Erectile Dysfunction: Use of a Novel Noninferiority Study Design

This U.S. multicenter open-label study used a noninferiority trial design to assess the efficacy of tadalafil 20 mg to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in the black American and Hispanic groups compared with a reference group of Caucasians. A secondary objective was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil 20 mg in various populations of men with ED. A total of 1,911 patients with ED were enrolled into eight predefined groups: (1-3) Caucasian (Reference group), Black American, or Hispanic patients, < or =65 years of age with no diabetes mellitus or depression; (4) patients with depression, < or =65 years of age, no diabetes; (5) patients with diabetes, < or =65 years of age, no depression; (6) patients >65 years of age, no diabetes or depression; (7) patients who met enrollment criteria but were not included in any other group; and (8) patients with ED due to traumatic spinal cord injury. The study had a 4-week run-in period, followed by a 12-week treatment period with tadalafil taken as needed, up to one dose/day, prior to sexual activity. Change from baseline to endpoint in the Erectile Function (EF) domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used to determine noninferiority of groups 2 and 3 from group 1. Secondary efficacy measures included other IIEF domains and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP). Noninferiority analyses based on the EF domain score showed that tadalafil was as efficacious in the Hispanic and Black American groups as in the Reference group. Patients in each of the eight groups had a significant change from baseline (P < 0.001) in the IIEF EF domain score and positive responses to SEP Questions 1-5. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events reported by patients in all eight groups were headache, nasal congestion, dyspepsia, flushing, and back pain. Tadalafil 20 mg was as efficacious in the Hispanic and black American groups as in the Caucasian/Reference group. Tadalafil was efficacious and well tolerated in each of the groups studied in this trial.

1196: Effects of Androgen Deprivation on Glycemic Control and on Biochemical Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Diabetes

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Tuesday, May 23, 2006, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20061196: Effects of Androgen Deprivation on Glycemic Control and on Biochemical Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Diabetes Aksam A. Yassin, Farid Saad, André Guillaume, Klaas Heinemann, and Ahmad Haider Aksam A. YassinAksam A. Yassin More articles by this author , Farid SaadFarid Saad More articles by this author , André GuillaumeAndré Guillaume More articles by this author , Klaas HeinemannKlaas Heinemann More articles by this author , and Ahmad HaiderAhmad Haider More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33421-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1196: Effects of Androgen Deprivation on Glycemic Control and on Biochemical Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Diabetes." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 385 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 385 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Aksam A. Yassin More articles by this author Farid Saad More articles by this author André Guillaume More articles by this author Klaas Heinemann More articles by this author Ahmad Haider More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Risk of Clinical Fractures After Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy for Prostate Cancer

We assessed the relationship between GnRH agonists and the risk of clinical fractures in men with prostate cancer. Using a database of medical claims from 16 large American companies we identified a study group of 3,779 men with prostate cancer who received treatment with a GnRH agonist and a control group of 8,341 with prostate cancer who were not treated with a GnRH agonist. Men with 1 or more medical claims for bone metastases were excluded. The rates of any clinical fracture, hip fracture and vertebral fracture were compared between the groups. The rate of any fracture was 7.91/100 vs 6.55/100 person-years at risk in men who received vs did not receive a GnRH agonist (relative risk 1.21, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.34). The rates of hip fracture (relative risk 1.76, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.33) and vertebral fracture (relative risk 1.18, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.48) were also higher in men who received a GnRH agonist. GnRH agonist treatment was independently associated with fracture risk on multivariate analyses. GnRH agonists increase the risk of clinical fracture in men with prostate cancer.

Daily Supplementation with (n-3) PUFAs, Oleic Acid, Folic Acid, and Vitamins B-6 and E Increases Pain-Free Walking Distance and Improves Risk Factors in Men with Peripheral Vascular Disease

A number of nutrients are known to be effective in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the possible effects of a daily intake of low amounts of these nutrients on risk factors and clinical parameters in patients with peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication (PVD-IC). Male PVD-IC patients (n = 60) were randomly allocated into 2 groups. The supplement (S) group consumed 500 mL/d of a fortified dairy product containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), oleic acid, folic acid, and vitamins A, B-6, D, and E. The control (C) group consumed 500 mL/d of semiskimmed milk with added vitamins A and D. The patients received lifestyle and dietary recommendations, and they were instructed to consume the products in addition to their regular diet. Blood extractions and clinical explorations were performed after 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo. Plasma concentrations of EPA, DHA, oleic acid, folic acid, and vitamins B-6 and E increased after treatment with supplements (P < 0.05). Plasma total cholesterol and ApoB concentrations decreased in the S group, and total homocysteine decreased in those patients with high initial concentrations. Walking distance before the onset of claudication increased in the S group (P < 0.001), and ankle-brachial pressure index values increased (P < 0.05). The inclusion in the everyday diet of certain nutrients known to promote cardiovascular health improved clinical outcomes while reducing a variety of risk factors in men with PVD-IC, providing new evidence of the potential role of nutrition in the reduction of PVD-IC symptoms.

1408: Clinical Utility of Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Men with Prostate Cancer as a Novel Biomarker of Detection and Disease Progression

1408: Clinical Utility of Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Men with Prostate Cancer as a Novel Biomarker of Detection and Disease Progression

Body Fat Distribution, Serum Leptin, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

s: To determine whether traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and regional fat distribution, especially the central obesity type and increased parapharyngeal fat pads, are associated with the degree of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To determine whether there are interrelationships between body fat, serum leptin levels, and the degree of OSA. Prospective mono-center cross-sectional study in a university hospital in Germany. Eighty-five consecutive male patients who were referred for evaluation of suspected OSA. The major dependent outcome variable was the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the average number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep, determined by overnight polysomnography. Independent measures were anthropometric data, body composition analysis (bioelectrical impedance analysis [BIA]), cardiovascular risk factor evaluation (smoking, hypertension, serum lipoproteins, diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, uric acid, fibrinogen), and leptin. Adipose tissue quantification of the abdominal and neck regions was performed by nuclear MRI (NMR). Significant linear relationships of AHI with fasting blood glucose, uric acid, fibrinogen, body weight, body mass index (BMI), sum of fat skin folds, and percentage of body fat could be established, whereas there was no correlation with age. The presence of OSA was independent of smoking, hypertension, and lipoproteins. NMR scans showed that AHI was significantly correlated with intra-abdominal fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat, whereas subcutaneous fat in the neck region and parapharyngeal fat in the airway vicinity were not correlated. Leptin concentrations correlated with AHI and with biochemical markers of the metabolic syndrome (lipoproteins, glucose) but were not dependent on AHI. Logistic regression analysis found percentage of body fat (BIA) and BMI as good predictors of AHI > 10 with a sensitivity of 95.5% but a low specificity (46.2%). Multiple regression analysis identified the sum of fat skin folds, body weight, and BMI as good predictors for the degree of OSA. We conclude that OSA is independent from most traditional risk factors for CVD. Regional body fat distribution predicts the presence and degree of OSA, but fat accumulation in the neck and parapharyngeal region are of minor importance. Leptin concentrations when controlled for body fat are not related to the degree of OSA.