Different Types Of Factors Research Articles

Association between breastfeeding and types of obesity in children and adolescents

Objective To explore the association between breastfeeding and the type of obesity in children and adolescents, and to provide a theoretical basis for the identification and intervention of influential factors of different types of childhood obesity. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method, 93 primary and secondary schools in 7 provinces and cities in China were selected for physical examination and questionnaire surveys. Totally, 30 437 primary and middle school students aged 7-17, with completed information, were selected. A multivariable Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between breastfeeding and different types of obesity. Results The breastfeeding rate of students was 69.8%. The rates of general obesity, simple abdominal obesity, and combined obesity in the breastfeeding group were 7.1%, 3.9%, and 18.7%, the non-breastfeeding group were 7.0%, 4.7%, and 19.5%. The differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 14.04, P <0.01). Univariate analysis found that breastfeeding significantly reduced the risk of simple abdominal obesity in children and adolescents ( OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.72-0.92, P <0.01) with normal (BMI non-overweight and obesity and waist <P 90 ) as control group. After adjustment, breastfeeding could still significantly reduce the risk of simple abdominal obesity ( OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.67-0.86, P <0.01), and combined obesity ( OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87-0.99, P <0.05). Conclusion Breastfeeding is a protective factor for children with simple abdominal obesity and combined obesity, and the rate of breastfeeding in China should be further improved. 【摘要】 目的 探讨母乳喂养与儿童青少年肥胖类型的关联, 为儿童期不同类型肥胖影响因素的识别和干预提供理论基 础。 方法 采用分层整群抽样方法, 在中国 7 个省市抽取 93 所中小学校学生进行体格检査和问卷调査, 选择母乳喂养等 资料完整的 30 437 名 7〜17 岁中小学生作为研究对象。采用无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析母乳喂养与儿童青少年肥 胖类型的关联。 结果 研究对象母乳喂养率为69.8%。母乳喂养组一般性肥胖、单纯腹型肥胖和复合型肥胖发生率依次 为 7.1%, 3.9% 和 18.7%, 非母乳喂养组为 7.0%, 4.7%和19.5%, 差异有统计学意义 (χ 2 = 14.04, P <0.01)。单因素分析发现, 以正常组 (体质量指数非超重肥胖且腰围< P 90 )为对照, 母乳喂养可降低单纯腹型肥胖的风险 ( OR = 0.81, 95% CI =0.72〜 0.92, P <0.01)。在多因素调整后, 母乳喂养仍可降低单纯腹型肥胖的风险 ( OR = 0.76,95% CI = 0.67~0.86, P <0.01), 并可降 低复合型肥胖的风险 ( OR = 0.93,95% CI =0.87~0.99, P <0.05)。 结论 母乳喂养是儿童青少年单纯腹型肥胖和复合型肥胖 的保护因素, 应进一步提髙中国母乳喂养率。

Estimating the price of apartments in Tehran using extracted compound variables

PurposeHousing price is a barometer of a national economy. In recent years, Iran experienced high inflation in its economy, which affects everything, including housing. The purpose of this study is the estimation of the value of residential apartments of Tehran using ordinary least square (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposed a method for determining the compound variables and used them to estimate and evaluate the prices in the district six of Tehran city. Also, this paper compared the GWR and OLS methods with different types of factors and their influences in house price estimations.FindingsDuring the high inflation period of the study period, the age of buildings, inflation, parking, storage room and their locations are the most critical factors that affect the price of apartments in district six of Tehran. Besides, compound variables have the most influence on the prediction of the prices.Research limitations/implicationsThe exact location of the apartments in the study area were unknown. Therefore, the positions are extracted from their addresses. The uncertainty of location forced us to ignore the neighborhood terms in the hedonic method.Practical implicationsThe exact locations of the apartments in the study area were unknown. Therefore, the positions are extracted from their addresses. The uncertainty of location forced us to ignore the neighborhood terms in the hedonic method.Originality/valueThe originality of the proposed method is that it used a different approach to determine the valid variables of the apartment prices. Also, the evaluation of the method showed that the proposed variables are significantly useful.

Characteristics of denitrifying bacteria in different habitats of the Yongding River wetland, China

Nitrogen nutrient salts are considered the major environmental factors (RNH4+-N0.92, RTN0.85) affecting the structure and distribution of denitrogen bacteria. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which wetland bacteria adapt to environmental factors in different types of habitats. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the microbial community structure of sediments in three wetland habitats [fish ponds, surface flow wetlands (cattails and reeds), and ditches] of the Yongding River, China. The microbial community structure differed across different habitats. Species richness of nitrifying bacteria increased, while that of denitrifying bacteria decreased, with ammonium salt and total nitrogen concentrations increasing from surface flow wetland to ditch wetland. The characteristics of the three habitat types and their distribution in the Yongding River wetland are beneficial to the differential distribution of microbial communities across the wetland, and to the existence and denitrification of different dominant bacteria. Overall, these results help explain the natural filtering function of wetlands.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Localized Blockages on the Friction Factor of a 61-Pin Wire-Wrapped Bundle

Abstract The thermal-hydraulic behavior of the flow in rod bundles has motivated numerous experimental and computational investigations. Previous studies have identified potential for accumulation of debris within the small subchannels of typical wire-wrapped assemblies with subsequent total or partial blockage of subchannel coolant flow. A test campaign was conducted to study the effects of localized blockages on the bundle averaged friction factor of a tightly packed wire-wrapped rod bundle. Blockages were installed within the bundle, and fluid pressure drop was measured across one wire pitch for a Reynolds number range of 500–17,200. The Darcy–Weisbach friction factor of the perturbed rod bundle geometry was compared with that of the unblocked bundle, as well as with the predictions of a well-established friction factor correlation. Differing effects based on blockage size and location for various flow regimes were studied. A number of conclusions can be made about the effects of the blockages on the friction factor, such as an increasing effect of the blockage on friction factor with an increase in Reynolds number, a change in flow behavior in the turbulent transition flow regime near Reynolds number 3000, differences in effect on friction factor for different types of subchannel blockage, and a nonlinear trend in friction factor variation with flow area impeded for edge subchannels. To this end, all data and quantified uncertainty produced in this study are made available for comparison and validation of advanced computational tools.

High expression of eIF4A2 is associated with a poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-II (eIF4A2) is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in mRNA translation. Abnormal expression of eIF4A2 has been reported as a prognostic factor in different types of cancer. However, little is known regarding the function of eIF4A2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the present study, 253 samples were collected from patients diagnosed with ESCC, and the expression of eIF4A2 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of eIF4A2 expression in ESCC were then statistically analyzed. The results demonstrated that eIF4A2 was specifically localized to the cytoplasm. Kaplan-Meier analysis also revealed that eIF4A2 expression was associated with the clinical prognosis of patients with ESCC. The median disease-free and overall survival times were 40 and 48 months for patients with low eIF4A2 expression, compared with 16 and 25 months in the high eIF4A2 expression group, respectively. In conclusion, high expression levels of eIF4A2 are associated with a poor prognosis and may be used as a potential prognostic indicator in patients with ESCC.

Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University.

Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University.

An effective method for identifying the key factors of railway accidents based on the network model

In the analysis of railway accidents, the identification of key factors is an essential step for effective monitoring and daily maintenance of railway system. The existing key factor identification methods are generally based on the importance of ranking, which cannot achieve effective identification and verification because the classification of accident causal factors is not considered. Based on the complex network model, this paper proposes a heterogeneous network model which is suitable for the classification of accident causal factors to find the key causal factors of railway accident. The proposed model considers the causal factors of different types of railway accidents separately. Here, the accident causal factors are taken as the nodes, and their relationships are considered as the edges. The key factors will be determined through the extraction of the key nodes. Furthermore, an improved SIS propagation model is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Because of the strong network heterogeneity, it is proved that the proposed method is suitable for finding the key nodes in heterogeneous networks. Morever, the results show that the key nodes found by using the proposed method have more important impacts due to their faster propagation in the SIS model.

Political environment and financial crises

AbstractThis paper assesses the role of the political environment in the timing of financial crises over a sample of 85 countries during the period 1975–2017. We consider systemic banking, currency and sovereign debt crises in addition to twin and triple crises. Using a fixed‐effects logit model, this study shows that banking and currency crises are more likely to occur within 1 year after elections. There is also evidence that the probability of currency crises increases when right‐wing parties are in office. Moreover, time in office of incumbent chief executives reduces the likelihood of any type of financial crises. The incidence of twin and triple crises is lower when majority governments are in office. This study contributes to the literature by calling attention to the importance of some political factors for different types of financial crises.

Research on the Optimal Configuration of Regional Integrated Energy System Based on Production Simulation

This paper is focused mainly on the production simulation method of a regional integrated energy system under random scenarios for optimal configuration. First, the cooling, heating, and electric load demand of the regional integrated energy system is described quantitatively in the form of time series, as well as the power characteristics of renewable energy, such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation. Then, a typical scenario set of regional integrated energy system configurations considering the random probability characteristics is established through scene clustering. Second, considering the power output characteristics and cost factors of different types of distributed energy, the corresponding technical and economic quantitative model is established. Third, a multi-objective production simulation model of a regional integrated energy system considering configuration constraints and operation constraints is proposed with economic and environmental protection as the main objectives. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the above methods are verified based on a case study of actual engineering.

Study about Food Choice Determinants According to Six Types of Conditioning Motivations in a Sample of 11,960 Participants.

Many aspects linked to personal characteristics, society and culture constitute some of the motivators that drive food choice. The aim of this work was to determine in what extent the eating behaviors of individuals are shaped by six different types of determinants, namely: health, emotions, price and availability, society and culture, environment and politics, and marketing and commercials. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, involving a non-probabilistic sample of 11,960 participants from 16 countries. The objective of this work was to validate the questionnaire, so as to make it suitable for application in different contexts and different countries. For that, six scales were considered for validation by confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modelling. The obtained results showed that the six individual scales evaluated presented good or very good fitting indices, with saturation in goodness-of-fit index in all cases. The values of chi-square ratio were 6.921 (for health), 0.987 (environment), 0.610 (emotions) and 0.000 in the remaining cases (convenience, society, marketing). Furthermore, the fit was perfect, with saturation for all indices, in three of the six models (convenience, society and marketing). The results of this wok allowed the validation of the six scales, and the assessing of different types of factors that can influence food choices and eating behaviors, namely in the categories: health, emotions, price and availability, society and culture, environment and politics, and marketing and commercials.

Factors Associated with Abuse and Neglect of the Elderly Peoples of Chitmahal Areas in Bangladesh

The present study applied different statistical tools to determine abused and neglected status among elderly people of the Chitmahal areas of Bangladesh. Also investigated the factors that associated with abuse and neglected status. The present study is conducted at the former Chitmahal areas which are situated at four districts namely Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Kurigram and Panchagar in Northern Bangladesh. Among the total 141 Chitmahal areas, 36 Chitmahal areas are randomly selected for the study area and finally 270 elder families are included for this research purpose. Information about socio-demographic, economic, health status, abuse and neglected related characteristics of the respondents and their family members was collected by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Elder abuse and neglect is the widespread issue in the world. This study found that most of the elder people (71.5%) of Chitmahal areas were neglected and abused in any form. Separately they were abused by psychologically (50.4%), financially (60.4), treatment related neglect (40%) and physically (1.5%). Most of them were neglected by their family members which mostly happened in the families with low monthly income and expenditure. The factors like age of elder people, educational level, previous and present occupation of respondents, ownership of house, monthly family income and expenditure, people’s participation in social occasion are the common significant factors for different types of abuse and neglected status of the aging peoples of Chitmahal areas in Bangladesh. The overall findings found a close relationship of abused and neglected status of the elderly peoples with their socio-economic, educational background and family economic condition. This information needs to be properly utilized in developing suitable social and motivational programs for elder families in the Chitmahal areas and countrywide by NGO’s and Government initiatives.

State, market, and family: housing inequality among the young generation in urban China

Housing is critical to people's prosperity and wellbeing. In particular, housing status is closely linked to young people's life opportunities in many domains. With skyrocketing housing prices in many cities, housing outcomes of the current young generation in China are receiving increased attention. In this study, we examine the recent pattern of housing inequality among the young generation in urban China based on a large-scale national representative survey conducted in 2015, and we explore the importance of different types of factors. From an intragenerational perspective, we investigate the relative strengths between socialist institutions and market mechanisms. We also take into account the intergenerational channel by studying the impact of family background variables. We find substantial inequality in terms of home ownership, living space, and housing wealth among young people. While market ability variables, such as income and education, significantly affect housing consumption, institutional factors, such as the household registration (hukou) system, work units, and administrative rank, still play important roles in contemporary China. Furthermore, the impact of parental socioeconomic and political status is also nontrivial. In particular, the hukou status of young people and their parents has a sizable impact on housing consumption. China’s policymakers should pay more attention to the housing needs of young people and take concrete measures to expand the equality of opportunities.

Ion Channel Regulation by Sex Steroid Hormones and Vitamin D in Cancer: A Potential Opportunity for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.

Many ion channels are involved in tumor development, promoting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. Accordingly, some of them have been suggested as tumor markers and novel targets for cancer therapy. Some sex steroid hormones (SSH), including estrogens and androgens, favor cancer progression. Meanwhile, other steroid hormones like vitamin D may have anticancer properties. SSH and vitamin D modulate the expression of a number of ion channels in cancer cells from hormone-sensitive tissues, including breast, ovary, prostate, and cervix. Moreover, rapid effects of SSH may be mediated by their direct action on membrane ion channels. Here, we reviewed the SSH and vitamin D regulation of ion channels involved in cancer, and analyzed the potential molecular pathways implicated. In addition, we described the potential clinical use of ion channels in cancer diagnosis and therapy, taking advantage of their regulation by SSH and vitamin D. Since SSH are considered risk factors for different types of cancer, and ion channels play important roles in tumor progression, the regulation of ion channels by SSH and vitamin D may represent a potential opportunity for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in SSH and vitamin D sensitive tumors.

Features of Elastic-plastic Deformation of Reinforced Concrete Shear-wall Structures under Earthquake Excitations

The article provides the results of studies the process of formation and development of plastic deformations in reinforced concrete structures with shear-wall under earthquake excitations. The studies are carried out by numerical methods using nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results of the research shown: that in the shear-wall elements of reinforced concrete structures the level of plastic deformations should be significantly reduced in relation to the normative level of plastics in other structural elements of the carrier system. The completed studies substantiated the introduction of differentiated values seismic-force-reduction factor for different types of structural elements on shear-walls reinforced concrete structures of earthquake-resistant buildings.

Pan-Cancer Analysis of Expression, Mutation and Prognosis for Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) and Their Regulators

Background: Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the core regulator of cellular reaction during hypoxia, which also contribute to the development of cancer. We aimed to unravel the entire landscape of these factors in different types of cancer. Methods: The molecular alterations and clinical relevance of hypoxia related genes were systematically analysed in 33 cancer types. The expression, mutation, copy number variation, functional pathways, immune cell correlations and prognostic value were investigated. Findings: EGLN3 were highly expressed in most tumors; while EPAS1 and HIF3A showed low expression in most tumors. The average mutation frequency of HIFs ranged from 0% to 51.5%, of which CREBBP, EP300, HIF3A and EPAS1 showed high mutation frequencies. Besides, gastric and colorectal cancer cell lines showed frequent mutations of hypoxia related genes. ARNT showed widespread copy number amplification across various cancer types. Hypoxia related genes participated in cancer-related pathways including protein secretion, mitotic spindle, G2/M checkpoint, DNA repair, IL6/JAK/STAT3 signal and coagulation. CREBBP, HIF1A, EP300, ARNT, and EGLN1 demonstrated significant correlation with immune cell infiltration. Importantly, hypoxia related genes were significantly associated with survival of KIRC (kidney renal clear cell carcinoma). Interpretations: The expressions of hypoxia related genes demonstrated significant association with multiple oncogenic pathways and showed correlation with immune cells infiltration. Aberrant expression of hypoxia related genes could predict prognosis of cancer patients. These findings provide novel evidence for further investigation of hypoxia related genes in the development and therapy of cancer in the future. Funding Statement: This study is supported by grants from Public Welfare Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 2015005002) and Fund for Scientific Research of The First Hospital Of China Medical University (FHCMU- FSR). Declaration of Interests: All of the authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: Not required.

Under which conditions is Cohesion Policy effective: proposing an Hirschmanian approach to EU structural funds

ABSTRACT Under which conditions is EU Cohesion Policy effective? Which are those ‘conditioning factors’ that help in explaining where, when, and how the Cohesion Policy is effective? This article adopts an Hirschmanian approach to argue that that the institutional characteristics of domestic authorities involved in the management of funds, as well as the decisions of policy makers, represent the key factors for understanding the effects of the Cohesion Policy in European regions. By using Cohesion Policy implementation in Italy and Spain as a pilot study, this article empirically investigates the interaction of three different types of factors (institutional, strategic [related to the types of investments made], and administrative), and elaborates an original framework for comparing different Cohesion Policy implementations, and existing studies analyzing the impact of the Cohesion Policy. The framework presented in this article could be extended to other European countries by political scientists who are interested in studying the Cohesion Policy as a case of development policy.

Bioactive glasses with TiO2 additive: Behavior characterization against nuclear radiation and determination of buildup factors

This paper studies the radiation attenuation properties and build up (EBF and EABF) factors of different types of bioactive glasses in the 0.015–15 MeV photon energy range. EBF and EABF values of investigated bioactive glasses are determined by using the G-P fitting method. Moreover, effective removal cross-section values, alpha/proton mass stopping power (MSP), and alpha/proton projected range values (PR) are determined for fast neutrons and charged particles. The investigation indicates that TiO2 additive in the bioactive glasses causes considerable variations in the attenuation properties of bioactive glasses. The results show that the BT2.5 bioactive glass sample has highest attenuation performance among the samples.

Study Protocol for the Evaluation of "SuperFIT", a Multicomponent Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention Approach for Preschools and Families.

The promotion of healthy energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) is already important for children at a young age. Different settings, for example childcare and home, play an important role in the EBRB of young children. Further, factors in different types of environment (e.g., physical, sociocultural and political) influence their behaviours. SuperFIT (Systems of Underprivileged Preschoolers in their home and preschool EnviRonment: Family Intervention Trial) is a comprehensive, integrated intervention approach for 2–4 year old children. This paper describes the development and design of the evaluation of SuperFIT. The SuperFIT intervention approach consists of preschool-based, family-based, and community-based components. Intervention activities aimed at changing the physical, sociocultural and political environments in each setting and establishing an increased alignment between the settings. A quasi-experimental design was adopted with twelve intervention and nine control preschools to evaluate effectiveness. The primary outcomes were Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores (objectively assessed height and weight), dietary intake (24 h recall), and physical activity (accelerometer) of the children. Further, the effects on the nutrition- and physical activity-related practices of preschool teachers and parents were evaluated (questionnaires). Intervention effectiveness was evaluated using linear mixed models. Process evaluation was performed using mixed methods; both quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (observations and in-depth interviews) measures were used. The comprehensive, integrated approach of SuperFIT is expected to support healthy EBRB in young children.

Effective Video Frame Acquisition for Image Stitching

We present an effective video frame (including reference frame and key frames) acquisition method for image stitching. The method simultaneously analyzes different types of factors, namely, the video-level stability, image-level stability, and content scale stability, to take advantage of their complementary strengths. We model the three factors with three modules that are learned from an analysis of the shooting process. The video stabilization module (VSM) selects a stable segment, while the shooting distance module (SDM) obtains a similar content scale. They collaborate during the reference video sequence so that they can benefit from each other. Then, the image quality module (IQM) obtains a reference frame from the above sequence by choosing high-quality images. Finally, to obtain the key frame set, the SDM and IQM are again used to continuously filter the overlapping video sequences formed by the reference frame or the latest key frame. In particular, a comprehensive dataset containing a variety of challenges and scenarios is introduced. We have conducted an extensive set of experiments on this dataset. The results confirm the effectiveness of each module and their collaboration; our method outperforms current state-of-the-art methods.

SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFICIENT DAILY ROUTINE OF STUDENTS AT MODERN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES

The aim of study is special aspects of the efficient daily routine of students at modern educational institutions of different types, and its influence on psychophysical functions, adaptive abilities, the quality of life as well as the state of mental and somatic health of the youngsters. Materials and methods: While studying special aspects of the daily routine of students at modern educational institutions and their influence on the state of physical and mental health, the young people were observed in five modern educational establishments in Ivano-Frankivsk: Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk Finance Commercial Cooperative College named after S.Granat, Ivano-Frankivsk music school named after Denis Sichinskiy, Ivano-Frankivsk Vocational Motor Transport and Construction Lyceum № 15, Ivano-Frankivsk boarding lyceum for gifted young people from rural areas. 300 students were observed (150 female students and 150 male students). The study analyzed their educational conditions, daily routine tension, and activities during breaks, special aspects of leisure arrangements, amount of time spent on homework, subjective assessment of the level of tension of the educational process, and their projected influence on the health state of students by using static models. Results: Received results of the assessment of sanitary and hygienic conditions under which training takes place at modern educational institutions of different types, as well as conditions of after school activities of the students, by applying common methods to evaluate illumination level, microclimate, and air quality have revealed that the youngsters' conditions at modern educational institutions are marked by absence of significant deviations from common hygienic requirements, they are similar and easily comparable andthat enables defensibly and illuminatively to identify main features of influence of the different psychohygienic methods on the development of health maintaining tools and the establishment of features of the formation of functional capabilities and the basic correlates of mental and physical health. Conclusions: The educational conditions of young people in modern educational establishments can be described as not having considerable deviations from common hygienic requirements, being easily comparable and enabling to identify main influence factors of different types of psychohygienic methods of developing and implementing of healthmaintaining tools on the course of formation of the functional capabilities of the body and the development of the main adaptation reactions in young males and females.