Factorials Research Articles

ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІ РОБОТИ З ЛІТАКОБУДУВАННЯ НА ХАРКІВСЬКОМУ АВІАЗАВОДІ В ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ 1930-х - НА ПОЧАТКУ 1940-х рр.

The article analyzes the activities of the Kharkov aircraft factory number 135 on the creation of new models of aircraft. It is noted that during the second half of 1930s and early 1940s the company changed several times chief designers and design office personnel, which adversely affected his work. The main focus of the design work was the creation of military aircraft (fighters and light bombers). Designing of civil aircraft is not carried out.

A Real Time Object Recognition and Counting System for Smart Industrial Camera Sensor

In the industry 4.0, factories around the world grow automated and intelligent, and where smart camera plays an important role. Smart camera is equipped with processor, memory, communication interface, and operating system, so it can process large amounts of data in advance to assist follow-up automatic inspection and judgment. Additionally, since smart camera is an independent system, it will not affect the original system of factories, which is an immense advantage in troubleshooting. Besides, thanks to technology breakthroughs in recent years, using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to implementing tons of parallel computing helps to significantly boost the overall efficiency. Therefore, when a rising number of factories consider improving production capacity of production lines, how to use GPU to assist the improvement is an important issue. Based on this scenario, this paper used NVidia Tegra TX1 platform with 256 GPU CUDA cores and Quad-core ARM Cortex A57 processor and Basler USB 3.0 industrial camera to simulate a smart industrial camera, which has GPU and can perform a myriad of complex computations. This paper designed how to recognize and count objects in a real time manner in a high-speed industrial inspection environment with large volumes of data, so as to verify the concept (smart camera with GPU cores) we proposed. The experimental results proved our ideas, and the software design architecture provided in this paper is a simple and efficient design. In the future application in the Internet of Things or the Internet of Everything, this structure can be a valuable reference.

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation Media Vido Story Pokok Bahasan Keseimbangan Lingkungan Untuk Meningkatkan Berpikir Kritis Siswa

<p class="5abstrak">Tuban Regency is one of the areas that holds the potential of nature, this can be seen from the number of large factories established in Tuban Regency. The existence of this large factory causes changes in the surrounding environmental balance. Based on the results of observation of learning in SMA Muhammadiyah 03 Bancar class X on the subject of environmental balance is still conventional with the lecture method and discussion of this matter leads to less interesting and boring learning therefore there needs to be a development of learning models where students can engage in a social solution Namely the Group Investigation learning model (GI). The purpose of this research is to develop a model of learning by using the environment as a learning medium that is packaged in the form of video story to cultivate students' critical thinking skills. The students' critical thinking ability can be measured from aspects of identifying problems, interpreting, giving relevant ideas and drawing conclusions. This type of research is a research development, which is the development of a learning model that is very appropriate for the material of environmental balance class X semester even, the resulting draft then validated by two experts and one teacher as a user. The results showed the average validation of two experts and one user is 83.529% which indicates valid criteria and is worthy of use. From the results of small-scale test results amounted to 15 students who analyzed with the normalized gain obtained N gain> 0.7. These results indicate that there is a significant improvement in critical thinking of the students so that it can be concluded that the development of this learning model is very valid and feasible to be applied to improve critical thinking of the students.</p>

ENTREPRENEURSHIP ACTIVITY IN THE URALS IN THE 18 CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MINE OWNERS OSOKINS)

This article addresses the issue of entrepreneurship on the example of Osokins. Scientific novelty of research consists in the fact that for the first time in Russian historiography provided by the mining activities of the merchants Osokins. Of the large industrial complexes in the Urals, owned by merchants, the mining industry of the Osokins was formed earlier than all others. The ancestors of this family came from the monastic peasants of the Balakhna County of the Kazan province. The source of the initial accumulation of capital from the Osokins was grain trade and grain contracts. Cousins Petr Ignatievich and Gavriil Poluyektovich started their mining business in the Urals in 1729 with the construction of a joint Irginsky plant. If we proceed from the number of factories, the industrial estate of I.P. Osokin was the largest in Russia, since none of the industrialists of Russia at the end of the 18th century. However, according to the production capacity I.P. Osokin was inferior to the industrial complexes of many large factory owners. It is important to note that the Osokin farm during the last quarter of 18 century slowly rolled down. In the 1800s. almost all the Osokins’ factories were taken over by the merchant A.A Knauf. The author concludes that entrepreneurial activity of the Osokins in the field of mining industry is a positive example of how people from ordinary peasants could express themselves in this area.

Izergin-Korepin Analysis on the Projected Wavefunctions of the Generalized Free-Fermion Model

We apply the Izergin-Korepin analysis to the study of the projected wavefunctions of the generalized free-fermion model. We introduce a generalization of the L-operator of the six-vertex model by Bump-Brubaker-Friedberg and Bump-McNamara-Nakasuji. We make the Izergin-Korepin analysis to characterize the projected wavefunctions and show that they can be expressed as a product of factors and certain symmetric functions which generalizes the factorial Schur functions. This result can be seen as a generalization of the Tokuyama formula for the factorial Schur functions.

Evaluation of factors influencing performance of world class supply chains using structural equation modelling - with a case study in the food industry

The aim of this article is to determine the factors influencing the performance of world class supply chains in order to facilitate integration and flexibility in the food industry in which, products have high sensitivity for maintaining community health and sanitation. For this purpose, logistical, procurement, communication and information technology factors have been investigated in a number of food industry factories of Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran using structural equation modelling. Findings indicate positive influence of the studied factors on the performance of world class supply chains in the food industry at 95% confidence level.

Doubling the farmer income by cooperative sugar factory-A case study of shree vighnahar cooperative sugar factory in Maharashtra

The cooperation and coordination is the basis of human society. First builds the society while other manages it. The beauty of the rural cooperative movement is these big establishments of hundreds of crores of rupees are owned by semiliterate and poor farmers. Indian sugar production is characterized by a cyclic production pattern with typical sugar cycles lasting 2–3 years, as production adjusts to fall in price which in turn leads to lower supplies, price increase and higher production. In Maharashtra there was only one sugar factory in 1950–51. The numbers of sugar factory was increased up to 202 in 2015 (Sugar Commission rate Maharashtra, Pune, 2015). Maharashtra state has been purposively selected for the study as it has highest number of cooperative sugar factories in India. From the study it is proved that high variations in trends in arrival of sugarcane for processing in selected sugar cooperative were observed mainly due the rotation of crops like wheat with sugarcane is being followed by local farmers. This can be avoided by stabilizing the sugarcane prices and immediate returns to the farmers.

Finite Fourier decomposition of signals using generalized difference operator

In this paper, we introduce discrete inner product of two functions, discrete orthogonal and orthonormal system of functions and develop finite Fourier series for polynomial factorial, polynomial, exponential, rational and logarithm functions using the inverse of generalized difference operator.

An analysis of growth and performance of manufacturing sector in India

The present paper explores the comparative trends in growth of manufacturing sector in India and highlights its prospects by taking into account the total number of factories, total persons engaged in them, total capital invested, total input and output, etc. in various states of India. The study is purely based on secondary data which were collected from various authentic sources. The collected data were analyzed with the help of various suitable statistical tools and techniques such as average, standard deviation, CAGR (compound annual growth rate), percentages and graphs, etc. The results of the study highlight the inequality prevailing in the country as far as growth and development of manufacturing sector is concerned. The findings of the study exhibited that some states/UTs like Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra continued to enjoy privilege in each of the above arena whereas others like Nagaland, Tripura and A & N Islands are at other extreme which result in to unequal distribution of income and wealth. It is suggested through the study that the GOI in consultation with the concerned State Governments should take appropriate steps to improve the situation.

Identities related to special polynomials and combinatorial numbers

The aim of this paper is to give some new identities and relations related to the some families of special numbers such as the Bernoulli numbers, the Euler numbers, the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds, the central factorial numbers and also the numbers y1(n,k,?) and y2(n,k,?) which are given Simsek [31]. Our method is related to the functional equations of the generating functions and the fermionic and bosonic p-adic Volkenborn integral on Zp. Finally, we give remarks and comments on our results.

Proof Without Words: Factorial Sums

SummaryWe provide a visual proof of a factorial sum identity implying the existence of the factorial base number system.

Environmental Pollution of Indian States:Gas Emissions and Respiratory Problems

To sustain healthy and energetic lives of mankind clean environment and pure air are required. But with globalization, industrialization and urbanization the concept of healthy ecosystem has been demolished. Poisonous and toxic agents are mixing in the air and chemical reaction happening in the atmosphere. Twelve Indian states are studied in this paper. It explores the trends and pattern of air pollutants. Multi-linear analysis has been done to explore the association among different gases and the respiratory problems. In Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh the number of factories has not significantly increased and also N02 and So2 are emitted less than other states. Industrially developed states have faced respiratory health problems with increasing gas emission.

A Survey on Triangular Number, Factorial and Some Associated Numbers

Objectives: The paper aims to present a survey of both time-honored and contemporary studies on triangular number, factorial, relationship between the two, and some other numbers associated with them. Methods: The research is expository in nature. It focuses on expositions regarding the triangular number, its multiplicative analog – the factorial and other numbers related to them. Findings: Much had been studied about triangular numbers, factorials and other numbers involving sums of triangular numbers or sums of factorials. However, it seems that nobody had explored the properties of the sums of corresponding factorials and triangular numbers. Hence, explorations on these integers, called factoriangular numbers, were conducted. Series of experimental mathematics resulted to the characterization of factoriangular numbers as to its parity, compositeness, number and sum of positive divisors and other minor characteristics. It was also found that every factoriangular number has a runsum representation of length k, the first term of which is (k −1)! + 1 and the last term is (k −1)! + k . The sequence of factoriangular numbers is a recurring sequence and it has a rational closed-form of exponential generating function. These numbers were also characterized as to when a factoriangular number can be expressed as a sum of two triangular numbers and/or as a sum of two squares. Application/ Improvement: The introduction of factoriangular number and expositions on this type of number is a novel contribution to the theory of numbers. Surveys, expositions and explorations on existing studies may continue to be a major undertaking in number theory.

Hierarchical spline spaces: quasi-interpolants and local approximation estimates

A local approximation study is presented for hierarchical spline spaces. Such spaces are composed of a hierarchy of nested spaces and provide a flexible framework for local refinement in any dimensionality. We provide approximation estimates for general hierarchical quasi-interpolants expressed in terms of the truncated hierarchical basis. Under some mild assumptions, we prove that such hierarchical quasi-interpolants and their derivatives possess optimal local approximation power in the general q-norm with 1≤q≤ź$1\leq q\leq \infty $. In addition, we detail a specific family of hierarchical quasi-interpolants defined on uniform hierarchical meshes in any dimensionality. The construction is based on cardinal B-splines of degree p and central factorial numbers of the first kind. It guarantees polynomial reproduction of degree p and it requires only function evaluations at grid points (odd p) or half-grid points (even p). This results in good approximation properties at a very low cost, and is illustrated with some numerical experiments.

Multi Fibre Arrangement and Wage Inequality: Firm and State‐level Evidence from India and a Theoretical Model

AbstractThe phased elimination of Multi Fibre Arrangements (MFA) for textile and apparel has been one of the most compelling trade policy reforms that removed a system of bilateral quotas. The reform brought in significant changes in the industrial structures for exporters from the south, including India. Has the labour‐intensive high‐employment textile and clothing industry in India benefited from this global move towards freer trade? For India, the industry has witnessed unprecedented market concentration of export‐oriented firms. Firm‐level empirical estimate illustrates that workers in the export‐oriented firms in India are adversely affected due to withdrawal of quota. Accumulation of net fixed assets and growth of sales impart positive impact on firm‐level wages that cannot outweigh negative impact due to fall in exports. We also find negative impact of profit on aggregate wage bill for the industry with firms spread over 11 major states in India. We show that the mean deviation of industry‐level wage is positively and significantly associated with mean deviation of the number of factories at the state level and negatively with profit. Finally, a brief analytical exercise obtains conditions under which joint withdrawal of quota and import tariff could raise the aggregate labour income in developing countries, in general.

Efficient Bilateral Taxation of Externalities

In the context of the example of a factory whose smoke emissions affect a near-by laundry, Coase (1960) argued for taxing the laundry as well as the factory, while Baumol (1972) argued for taxing only the factory. The literature on bilateral taxation during the past 40 years has not fully resolved the discrepancies between Coase’s and Baumol’s arguments, and even contemporary textbooks on environmental economics and public economics do not offer correct and complete analyses. An application of marginal cost pricing shows that the efficient tax on laundries is positive when the number of laundries is finite and that the tax approaches zero in the limit as the number of laundries approaches infinity. The efficient tax on factories is positive, regardless of the number of factories. The role of consistent application of marginal cost pricing has not yet become part of the common wisdom of economists, which makes our contribution relevant today.

Do code of conduct audits improve chemical safety in garment factories? Lessons on corporate social responsibility in the supply chain from Fair Wear Foundation.

In managing chemical risks to the environment and human health in supply chains, voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures, such as auditing code of conduct compliance, play an important role. To examine how well suppliers' chemical health and safety performance complies with buyers' CSR policies and whether audited factories improve their performance. CSR audits (n=288) of garment factories conducted by Fair Wear Foundation (FWF), an independent non-profit organization, were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical modeling. Forty-three per cent of factories did not comply with the FWF code of conduct, i.e. received remarks on chemical safety. Only among factories audited 10 or more times was there a significant increase in the number of factories receiving no remarks. Compliance with chemical safety requirements in garment supply chains is low and auditing is statistically correlated with improvements only at factories that have undergone numerous audits.

In vitro inhibition of African swine fever virus-topoisomerase II disrupts viral replication

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a highly-contagious and fatal disease of domestic pigs, leading to serious socio-economic impact in affected countries. To date, neither a vaccine nor a selective anti-viral drug are available for prevention or treatment of African swine fever (ASF), emphasizing the need for more detailed studies at the role of ASFV proteins involved in viral DNA replication and transcription. Notably, ASFV encodes for a functional type II topoisomerase (ASFV-Topo II) and we recently showed that several fluoroquinolones (bacterial DNA topoisomerase inhibitors) fully abrogate ASFV replication in vitro. Here, we report that ASFV-Topo II gene is actively transcribed throughout infection, with transcripts being detected as early as 2 hpi and reaching a maximum peak concentration around 16 hpi, when viral DNA synthesis, transcription and translation are more active. siRNA knockdown experiments showed that ASFV-Topo II plays a critical role in viral DNA replication and gene expression, with transfected cells presenting lower viral transcripts (up to 89% decrease) and reduced cytopathic effect (−66%) when compared to the control group. Further, a significant decrease in the number of both infected cells (75.5%) and viral factories per cell and in virus yields (up to 99.7%, 2.5 log) was found only in cells transfected with siRNA targeting ASFV-Topo II. We also demonstrate that a short exposure to enrofloxacin during the late phase of infection (from 15 to 1 hpi) induces fragmentation of viral genomes, whereas no viral genomes were detected when enrofloxacin was added from the early phase of infection (from 2 to 16 hpi), suggesting that fluoroquinolones are ASFV-Topo II poisons. Altogether, our results demonstrate that ASFV-Topo II enzyme has an essential role during viral genome replication and transcription, emphasizing the idea that this enzyme can be a potential target for drug and vaccine development against ASF.

Computation methods for combinatorial sums and Euler‐type numbers related to new families of numbers

The aim of this article is to define some new families of the special numbers. These numbers provide some further motivation for computation of combinatorial sums involving binomial coefficients and the Euler kind numbers of negative order. We can show that these numbers are related to the well‐known numbers and polynomials such as the Stirling numbers of the second kind and the central factorial numbers, the array polynomials, the rook numbers and polynomials, the Bernstein basis functions and others. In order to derive our new identities and relations for these numbers, we use a technique including the generating functions and functional equations. Finally, we give not only a computational algorithm for these numbers but also some numerical values of these numbers and the Euler numbers of negative order with tables. We also give some combinatorial interpretations of our new numbers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Geological and geomechanical properties of the carbonate rocks at the eastern Black Sea Region (NE Turkey)

Turkey located in the Alpine-Himalayan Mountain Belt has 35% of the natural stone reserves of the world and has good quality marble, limestone, travertine and onyx reserves especially in the western regions of the country. The eastern Black Sea Region with a 1.4 million meters cubes reserve has a little role on the natural stone production in the country. For this reason, this paper deals with investigation on the potential of carbonate stone in the region and determination of the geological and geo-mechanical properties of these rocks in order to provide economic contribution to the national economy. While the study sites are selected among the all carbonate rock sites, the importance as well as the representative of the sites were carefully considered for the region. After representative samples were analyzed for major oxide and trace element compositions to find out petrochemical variations, the experimental program conducted on rock samples for determination of both physical and strength properties of the carbonate rocks. The results of the tests showed that there are significant variations in the geo-mechanical properties of the studied rock groups. The density values vary from 2.48 to 2.70 gr/cm3, water absorption by weight values range from 0.07 to 1.15% and the apparent porosity of the carbonate rocks are between 0.19 and 3.29%. However, the values of the UCS shows variation from 36 to 80 MPa. Tensile and bending strength values range from 3.2 to 7.5 MPa and 6.0–9.2 MPa respectively. Although the onyx samples have the lowest values of apparent porosity and water absorption by weight, these samples do not have the highest values of UCS values owing to occurrence of the micro-cracks. The UCS values of the rock samples were also found after cycling tests However, the limestone samples have less than 5% deterioration after freezing-thawing and wetting-drying tests, but travertine and onyx samples have more than 15% deterioration. Exception of the apparent porosity values of travertine samples, all geo-mechanical properties of the studied carbonate rocks were determined in the acceptance values given by Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) for using as a natural dimension stone. After these investigations, it is anticipated that in the near future the number of quarries and factories will increase and more types of natural stones will be discovered in the eastern Black Sea Region and thus this will provide economic contribution to the economy of the country.