Factorial Completely Randomized Design Research Articles

PENGARUH BOKASHI AMPAS TEBU DAN NPK ORGANIK PADA TANAMAN KUBIS (Brassica oleraceae Var. capitata) SECARA BERKELANJUTAN

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interaction and the main effect of sugarcane bagasse and organic NPK in a sustainable manner. The research was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, Pekanbaru during four months starting from October 2019 to January 2020. The design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of two factors (bagasse bokashi and organic NPK). The parameters observed were the number of leaves, the age at which the crop appeared, the age of harvest, the diameter of the crop, the fresh weight of the crop, and the fresh weight of the leaves. Data were analyzed statistically and the BNJ continued to test at the 5% level. The results of the research by interacting with bagasse and organic NPK significantly affected the parameters for the number of leaves, age of crop emergence, harvest age, and fresh weight of the crop. The best combination of bagasse bokashi at 270 g/plant and NPK Organic at 27 g/plant. The main effect of bagasse was significant on all parameters with the best treatment was a dose of 270 g/plant. The main effect of NPK organic was significant on all parameters with the best treatment was the dose of 27 g plant.

APLIKASI KOMPOS TITONIA DAN LIMBAH CAIR SABUT KELAPA MUDA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana) SECARA BERKELANJUTAN

This research was conducted at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, Pekanbaru during 5 months, starting from October 2019 to February 2020. The study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design by using two factors. The first factor was titonia compost (T), consisting of 4 levels, namely 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/plot and the second factor was young coconut coir liquid waste (S), consisting of 4 levels, namely 0, 100, 200, and 300 ml/plant so that 16 treatment combinations were obtained with 3 replications. Parameters observed were harvest age, plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, wet weight, and leaf weight. The data were analyzed using statistics and continued with the Honest Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at 5%. The results showed that the interaction of titania compost and young coconut coir wastewater affected harvest age, plant height, number of branches, wet weight, and dry weight with the best combination treatment of the application of titania compost was 1.5 kg/plot and the dose of young coconut coir wastewater was 200 ml/plant. The main effect of titania compost was significant on all observation parameters with the best treatment of titania compost at 1.5 kg/plot. The main effect of young coconut coir liquid waste was real on all observation parameters with the best treatment of 200 ml/plant.

Growth and flower development of potting calamansi grown under local microorganism and different dose of Growmore

Calamansi is the leading horticultural commodity of Bengkulu City. The study aimed to determine the best combination between Growmore doses and local microorganisms for the growth and flowering of Calamansi. This study used a Factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor of Local Microorganisms (M) consists of two levels, namely without being given (M0) and given Local Microorganisms (M1). The second factor of Growmore (D) dose consists of four levels, namely 0 g / L (D0), 1 g / L (D1), 2 g / L (D2), 3 g / L (D3). The results showed that there was no difference in the combination between the treatment of local microorganisms and the dose of Growmore both on the growth and flowering of the potting of calamansi. In a single factor, Growmore doses have an intangible effect on the growth and flowering of the potting of calamansi. Likewise, a single factor of local microorganisms exerts an unreal influence on the growth and flowering of the potting of calamansi.

Preparation and Physio-chemical properties of green chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) paste using natural preservatives

A study was conducted in Vegetable Science Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during the period from January 2022 to March 2022. The main objective of the investigation was to standardize the preparation, quality, sensory characteristics of the green chilli paste under ambient conditions using the variety Teja for developing a technique to preserve the green chilli paste. The experiment was carried out in Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with control using contrast method of analysis compared with 21 treatments. The study revealed that significant differences were recorded among the treatments, storage intervals and their interactions of the green chilli paste due to effect of different treatment combinations. The results of the study on physical parameters revealed that, Conversion ratio of the green chilli fruit to the paste found non- significant. Among the chemical parameters, the results showed that chilli paste prepared with clove oil (0.125%), vinegar (6%) and salt (2%) (T18) recorded highest total chlorophyll (0.3244 mg 100g-1), titratable acidity (0.28), pH (4.0), and TSS (15.8 oBrix) with minimum increment by the end of the storage period and all the parameters are significantly differed among the treatments, storage and their interactions. The results of organoleptic evaluation can be disclosed that colour (7.93), flavour (7.80), texture (7.48), taste/pungency (7.96) and overall acceptability (7.92) found best in (T18) (clove oil-0.125%, vinegar-6% and salt- 2%) and differed significantly. Overall, T18 was the most effective treatment. The study also paved the way for working with other varieties, long storage, using different types of bagging materials, and developing new and more sustainable technologies to preserve green chilli paste with adequate nutritional quality, hygiene, and value addition.

Gelatinization Properties of Parboiled Siramog Varieties Black Rice with Variation of Immersion Time and Sodium Citrate Concentration

Black rice still contains epidermis which is composed of several layers, including pericarp, lemma, aleuron and testa so that cooking takes a long time. To speed up the cooking time on rice can be modified by parboiling process so that it changes the character of gelatinization. The research aims to find out the effect of the concentration of sodium citrate solution and immersion time on the process of black rice parboiled Sirampog varieties on its gelatinization properties. Soaking in sodium citrate solution at a certain time is expected to accelerate the cooking time of black rice. The research using Completely Randomized Factorial design consisting of concentration of sodium citrate solution (0, 3, 5 and 7%) and immersion time (20, 30 and 40 minutes). The variables observed were gelatinization properties including gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown viscosity, trough viscosity and setback viscosity. The results showed that the setback viscosity and peak viscosity of Sirampog rice were affected by the concentration of sodium citrate. The sodium citrate solution of 5% as a marinade produces Sirampog varieties of parboiled rice with high trough viscosity and lowest setback viscosity, which means it is easier to cook and more resistant to retrogradation during cooling.

Konsentrasi Sorbitol dan Volume Larutan Terbaik pada Cetakan Film Edibel dari Pati Sagu

This study aims to determine the effect of sorbitol concentration and solution volume on the mold on the physical properties of the edible film from sago strach. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Sciences STIP Mujahidin Tolitoli, Tuweley Village, Baolan District, Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi Tengah from October to December 2020. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD). The first factor (a) is the concentration of sorbitol, namely a1 (5 mL/100 mL solution), a2 (6 mL/100 mL solution), and a3 (7 mL/100 mL solution) while the second factor (m) is the volume of the solution in the mold, namely m1 (5 mL), m2 (10 mL), and m3 (15 mL). The data were analyzed using variance followed by the 1% Duncant Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the addition of sorbitol concentration had an effect on the color, thickness, and solubility in water, while the addition of solution volume in the mold affected the color, thickness and water vapor transmission. The best treatment due to the addition of sorbitol concentration to edible film is 5% sorbitol concentration treatment, namely the color has a high brightness level, 0.19 mm thickness, and 41.5% solubility. While the best treatment due to the addition of the volume of the solution on the edible film is the treatment of the 5 ml solution volume, namely the color has a high level of brightness, a thickness of 0.14 mm and a water vapor transmission of 1.11g/m2.hour.
 
 Keywords: edible film, sago starch, sorbitol

Degradation of Milkfish Bone (Chanos- chanos Forsskal) with Pure Papain Enzyme Concentration and Heating Time

Aim: This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of calcium phosphate derivatives of milkfish bones (Chanos-chanos Forsskal) with treatment pure papain enzyme concentration and heating time.
 Study Design: The experimental design used was a factorial complete randomized design, namely factor A = hydrolysis with the use of pure papain enzymes and factor B was heating time using a temperature of 60oC, each treatment was repeated 3 times.
 Place and Duration of Study: Research was carried out from September 2018 to July 2019, Agroindustry Workshop, and Chemical Laboratory, Department of Fishery Product Processing Technology, Pangkep State Agricultural of Polytechnic, Physics Laboratory, Science Center, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Chemistry Laboratory, Makassar State Islamic University, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory MIPA Lampung State University.
 Methodology: Milkfish bones were added with distilled water and pure papain enzyme at pH 8 with a concentration of 4%, 6% and 8%, degraded by heating at 60°C for 6, 8, and 10 hours after extraction, result were then dried in oven at 50°C. After drying, it ground with a bone crusher. The flour was analyzed, namely: physical tests including yield, whiteness degree, proximate test including moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, calcium, phosphorus, functional groups using FTIR, crystallinity using XRD, morphology using SEM/EDS.
 Results: The results of the analysis of the concentration of pure papain enzyme 8% with a heating time of 10 hours gave the best result, obtained 3.24% moisture content, 83.28% ash content, 10.28% protein, 3.20% fat, 49.30% calcium, 29.17% phosphorus, 7.16% yield, 88.68% whiteness. FTIR analysis has carboxyl groups (OH-), carbonate groups (CO32-) and phosphate groups (PO43-). These are the main components of hydroxyapatite formation where the phosphate absorption band spectra (PO43-) are at a wave frequency of 403.60 cm-1 with an intensity 36.568% is V3PO43- The crystallinity of calcium phosphate derivatives is 74.53% µm hydroxylapatite, 11.94% tricalcium phosphate µm, 13.53% dicalcium phosphate µm. Morphology of Calcium Phosphate Derivative Compounds using XRD, which showed a degree of crystallinity of 73.04% and a crystal size of 4.717 µm.
 Conclusion: The result of the analysis obtained by the combination treatment of pure papain enzyme concentration of 8% with a heating time of 10 hours are the best of the other treatment.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITIES OF CORN WITH DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS SUPPLEMENTED WITH MOLD INHIBITOR

Corn grain is used as the main energy source in poultry diet formulation. The quality of corn is easy to deteriorate during storage because of insect, fungal, and mycotoxin contamination. Efforts should be made to maintain the quality of corn during storage. The present study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of different moisture levels of corn supplemented by a mold inhibitor. A total of 750 kg of corn grain was used in the present study. A commercial mold inhibitor was used with a dose of 0.075%. The experimental design used was a 3 x 2 factorial complete randomized design. The first main factor was the different moisture levels (ML) of corn (≤10%, 10.0-10.9%; 11.0-11.9%), while the second main factor was mold inhibitor (MI, - or +). Thus, there were six treatment combinations, and each treatment comprised five replications. The results showed that ML, MI, and ML x MI interaction significantly (P<0.05 to 0.001) affected the percentage of grain damage and fungal grain but not (P>0.05) the moisture level of corn during 90 days of storage. Except for crude protein content, the ML did not affect (P>0.05) the proximate composition (PC) and gross energy (GE) content of corn. Except for dry matter (DM), the PC and GE content of corn were not affected (P>0.05) by MI. ML x MI interaction did not affect (P>0.05) the PC and GE content. The aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content was similar (P>0.05) among all treatments. Except for histidine and lysine contents, the amino acid contents of corn were not affected by ML, MI, or ML x MI combination. In conclusion, the supplementation of MI in corn with different ML improved the physical quality, DM, ash, and GE content of corn grain during the storage; MI maintained the DM content but did not reduce the AFB1 content of corn. Except for histidine and lysine, the supplementation of MI in corn with different ML did not affect the amino acid content of corn.

Evaluation of different types of phytoplankton on rearing of vannamei shrimp larva (Litopenaues vanamei)

This study aims to determine the effect of giving different types of phytoplankton on the survival, abundance of bacteria, and water quality of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This research was carried out from October to November 2020 at the Laboratory of the Brackish Water Cultivation Center (BBAP) Ujung Batee, Aceh Besar. The larvae of the tested shrimp used were shrimp at Nauplius stages 5-6. The method used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Provision of phytoplankton Thalassiosira sp and artificial feed (treatment A), Chaetoceros sp and artificial feed (treatment B), Skeletonema costatum (Treatment C), a combination of phytoplankton Thallasiosira sp, Chaetoceros sp, Skeletonema costatum and artificial feed (treatment D) and artificial feed alone (treatment E). The test larvae were placed in a container with a density of seed stocking for each container was 100 fish/liter with a maintenance period of up to Post larval stage 1 (PL 1). The frequency of giving phytoplankton was done 2 times a day, namely at 09.00 am and 15.00 pm. While the frequency of artificial feed was 6 times, namely at 07.00 WIB in the morning, 11.00 WIB, 16.00 WIB in the afternoon, 21.00 WIB at night, 01.00 WIB in the morning, and 04.00 WIB in the morning. The results obtained showed that the treatment with phytoplankton had a significant effect on the survival of vanname shrimp larvae. Therefore, it can be concluded that the highest survival rate is in treatment D.Keywords: phytoplankton; survival; vaname; water quality

Evaluation of different types of phytoplankton on rearing of vannamei shrimp larva (Litopenaues vanamei)

This study aims to determine the effect of giving different types of phytoplankton to the survival, abundance of bacteria and water quality of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This research was carried out from October to November 2020 at the Laboratory of the Brackish Water Cultivation Center (BBAP) Ujung Batee, Aceh Besar. The larvae of the tested shrimp used were shrimp at Nauplius stage 5-6. The method used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Provision of phytoplankton Thalassiosira sp and artificial feed (treatment A), Chaetoceros sp and artificial feed (treatment B), Skeletonema costatum (Treatment C), a combination of phytoplankton Thallasiosira sp, Chaetoceros sp, Skeletonema costatum and artificial feed (treatment D) and artificial feed alone (treatment E). The test larvae were placed in a container with a density of seed stocking for each container was 100 fish/liter with a maintenance period of up to Post larval stage 1 (PL 1). The frequency of giving phytoplankton was done 2 times a day, namely at 09.00 am and 15.00 pm. While the frequency of artificial feed was 6 times, namely at 07.00 WIB in the morning, 11.00 WIB, 16.00 WIB in the afternoon, 21.00 WIB at night, 01.00 WIB in the morning and 04.00 WIB in the morning. The results obtained showed that the treatment with phytoplankton had a significant effect on the survival of vaname shrimp larvae. Therefore, it can be concluded that the highest survival rate is in treatment D.Keywords: phytoplankton; survival; vaname; water quality

The Effect of N, P, K, Mg Fertilizer and Plant Spacing on Soil Chemical Properties and Production of Yard-Long Beans (Vigna sinensis L.).

This study aims to examine the effect of fertilizer doses of N, P, K, Mg based on production targets and determination of plant spacing on the chemical properties of Ultisol soil and the production of long beans (Vigna sinensis L.). This research was conducted on a plantation area with Ultisol soil type located in Gang Bulang, Simalingkar B, Medan Tuntungan District. Soil and plant analysis were carried out at the Research and Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of North Sumatra, and PT Socfin Indonesia Laboratory, North Sumatra. The research was conducted from September 2021 to March 2022. This research design used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, namely the administration of fertilizer doses based on the production target consisting of P0 = 0 tons/ha (Control); P1 = 10 tons/ha; P2 = 20 tons/ha; P3 = 30 tons/ha, and the plant spacing factor consisting of T1 (30 cm x 40 cm); T2 (40 cm x 40 cm) and T3 (50 cm x 40 cm). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Parameters observed included parameters of soil chemical properties (pH, CEC, N, P, K, Mg) and plant parameters (pod weight and pod length).
 The results showed that the dose of fertilizer based on the production target affected soil H2O pH, N-total, soil Mg-dd, and plant pod weight. The interaction between fertilizer application based on production targets and plant spacing affected the Mg-dd value of the soil, pod length, and pod weight. Treatment of fertilizer application was according to the production target of 10 tons/ha (Urea 351.6g/plot; SP36 146.3g/plot; KCl 235.1g/plot; Dolomite 166.7g/plot) and spacing of 30 cm x 40 cm showed the best results in long bean cultivation.

Root induction of Phalaenopsis amabilis with various types and concentration of banana extract by in vitro

Root induction is an important step in plant propagation in vitro. Root stimulation can occur in the presence of the hormones auxin and gibberellins which can be obtained from other plants, one of which is bananas. The research aims to determine the effect of various species and concentrations of the banana extract on Phalaenopsis amabilis root induction in vitro. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Tissue Culture Alifa Agricultural Research Center (AARC), Medan, North Sumatera, from May until July 2020. The research used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors, the first factor was the type of banana extract with 3 levels, consisting of Ambon, Raja, and Kepok. The second factor is the concentration of banana extract (C) with 4 levels, consisting of 50 g/l, 100 g/l, 150 g/l, 200 g/l. The results showed that the concentration of banana extract had a significant effect on the number of roots, but various species of bananas and the interaction of the species of bananas and concentration banana extract had no significant effect on root induction

Efektivitas Proporsi Bunga Dan Pembuangan Mahkota Bunga Betina Terhadap Produksi Benih Mentimun Jepang Di Dalam Greenhouse

Japanese cucumber or Kyuri is a highly demanded agricultural product because of its high economic value and unique characteristics compared to local cucumbers. One of the methods to increase the production of Japanese cucumber seed is by improving the cultivation techniques of the seed producers. Some of those cultivation techniques are flower proportion and female flower petals castration. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of flower proportion and female flower petals castration on the production of Japanese cucumber seed in greenhouses. This study used a factorial CRD (Completely Randomized Design) method by employing two treatments, namely the flower proportion P1 (1♂ : 2♀), P2 (1♂ : 1♀), and P3 (2♂ : 1♀); and female flower petals plucking K1 (without petal) and K2 (with petal). Each of these treatments was repeated four times. The results showed no interaction between the treatment of flower proportions (P) and female flower petals castration (K). The proportion treatment of P3 showed very significantly different results in the parameters of the seed numbers of each plant (784,14), the number of pithy seeds of each plant (460,42), and pithy seeds weight of each plant (11,13 gram); and not significantly different results in the parameters of the number of harvested fruit from each plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, and 1000-seed weight. The female flower petals plucking treatment (K1) showed significantly different results in the parameter of seeds number in each plant (385,22), and not significantly different results in the parameters of the fruit number of each plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, seed number of each plant, pithy seeds weight.

Ketebalan Daun dan Laju Transpirasi Tanaman Hias Monokotil

Leaves are the main organ in plants. In general, leaf thickness varies amongst plants and is related to the transpiration rate. This study measured leaf thickness and transpiration rate in six ornamental monocotyledon plants. The experiment used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The main factors were six monocotyledon plants and three plant parts; combination factors were interactions between plant species and plant parts. Leaf thickness was measured from the upper to the lower epidermis before and after measuring the transpiration rate. The transpiration rate was measured by weighing. The data were analyzed using SAS with the Factorial CRD model and continued with LSD if the treatment was significant. The plant types and parts significantly affected the leaf thickness and transpiration rate. However, the combination treatments between plant types and plant parts significantly affected only the transpiration rate. Chlorophytum comosum L. had the highest transpiration, followed by Dracaena reflexa, Aglonema crispum, Cordyline fruticosa, Crymum asiaticum, and Rhoeo discolor. The leaves of the lower parts of the plant had the highest transpiration rate compared to the middle and upper parts of the plant. Rhoeo discolor had the thickest leaves and lower transpiration rate than other plants. The leaf thickness ranged from 95.94 µm to 147.03 µm. This phenomenon indicated that the thickness of the leaves was inversely correlated to the transpiration rate.
 
 Keywords: leaf thickness, transpiration rate, monocotyledon, ornamental plant

SIFAT KIMIA TANAH, PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN MELON (Cucumis melo L.) YANG DIBERI KASCING DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH PADA SPODOSOL

This study aims to determine the effect of vermicompost fertilizer on changes in the chemical properties of spodosol as a growing medium for melons and to determine the growth and yield of melons treated with gibberellins as growth regulators. The study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor is the dose of vermicompost 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 g vermicompost per polybag equivalent to 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 t. vermicompost ha-1. The second factor is the provision of plant growth regulators Agrogibb 40 SL given in the generative phase consisting of 2 two levels, namely: 0 and 0.5 mL L-1 with 4 replications. The results showed that the application of vermicompost fertilizer on spodosols was able to increase soil pH and available P, but organic C and total soil N tended to decrease, plants were able to grow significantly better. There was no interaction between the application of vermicompost fertilizer and plant growth regulators giberelin on the yield of melons. Kascing fertilizer with a dose of 90 g plant-1, the fruit flesh was thicker and the highest tight weight was obtained at a dose of 120 g plant-1. The application of gibberellin growth regulator with a concentration of 0.5 mL L-1 was able to significantly increase fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit thickness, wet and dry weight of melon plants

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) Improve Phosphorus Availability from Various Sources in Alkaline Soils

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major essential macronutrients for plants, applied to soil in the form of phosphatic fertilizers and organic manures. The application of PSB to soils can replace or partially reduce use of inorganic P fertilizers and could be one of the cost effective, highly efficient, and sustainable approaches to conserve P resources. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PSB in phosphorus (P) availability from organic, mineral and natural sources. For this purpose, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was consisting of four sources of P [poultry manure (PM), farm yard manure (FYM), rock phosphate (RP) and single supper phosphate (SSP)] for obtaining 45 mg P2O5 kg-1 and two types of inoculation (control and PSB) arranged in two factorial complete randomized design with three replications. Resultantly, PSB inoculation significantly improved. P availability at all incubation interval except day zero. A 3.4%, 5.4%, 12% and 16 % increased were observed in P as compared to control, at day 7, 14, 28 and 56 respectively. Similarly, significant differences were observed in P release for P sources at all incubation intervals. Initially higher P release was observed for SSP but at day 14 onward PM and FYM proved to be the best P releasable sources as compared to mineral P sources. RP released the lowest P at all incubation intervals however it performed statistically at par to SSP at 56 days. The significant interactive effect of P sources and PSB at day 28 and 56 demonstrated that soil receiving P from organic sources inoculated with PSB released higher P than other treatments combination. Thus, it is suggested that P must be applied from organic P sources (PM and FYM) along with PSB inoculation for better P nutrition and crop yield.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators (IBA) and Soil Media on Success, Growth and Survival of Stem Cutting of Assam Lemon (Citrus lemon (L) Burm)

An investigation was carried out to study of the “ Effects of plant growth regulators (IBA) and soil media on success, growth and survival on rooting of stem cutting in Assam Lemon (Citrus lemon (L) Burm).” was successfully carried out in the year 2021-2022 in naturally polyhouse of experimental farm ,under (KVK),Central Agriculture University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram. The experiment was carried out using Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with replicated thrice. The cuttings were treated with five different doses of IBA and four different soil media and then planted in raised bed polyhouse. From the experiment, T5M2 (IBA 800ppm+Soil + Sand + vermicompost + Cocopeat (1:1:1:1)) was the best treatment in all the parameters for rooting of stem cutting in Assam lemon and over all the treatment gave the significant response in respect to all the parameters i.e. Date to first new leaf initiation (16.33), Number of leaf per plant (13.50), Plant height (21.43 cm), Shoot length (6.59 cm) , Stem diameter(2.37 cm) , Number of branches (6.08), Length of tap root (7.92 cm), Root spread (8.42 cm), Fresh weight of root (0.54 g), Dry weight of root(0.34 g), Survival percentage of cuttings (1.00), during the observation period in the foot hills of Mizoram.

Influence of Brewing Time and Temperature on Antioxidant Activity of Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) Fruit Peel Extract as a Potential Functional Drink

Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) are plants that live in the mangrove ecosystem. The fruit of the pedada plant is round, has stemmed tip, base is wrapped by petal, non-toxic and edible. The flesh of the pedada fruit is used as syrup, but the peel is considered as waste. On the other hand, pedada fruit peel contains antioxidant activity compound, such as phenol, tannin, and flavonoid. A way to process the pedada fruit skin into a functional drink is required so that it has economic value. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different brewing temperatures and duration on the antioxidant activity of pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) peels extract. The research method used was experimental with Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) as the experimental design. The factors used are temperature (70○C, 85○C, and 100○C) and time (5, 10, and 15 minutes) with 3 replications. The main parameter observed was the extract’s antioxidant activity. Supporting parameters observed were water content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of pedada fruit peel. Data analysis used was Two Way Analysis of Variance (Anova) and followed by Honest Significantly Difference (HSD) by 5%.The results showed that the increase in temperature and duration increased the antioxidant activity of the pedada fruit peel extract. The best treatment was obtained by 100○C treatment for 10 minutes which was not significantly different from 100○C treatment for 5 minutes and 85○C for 15 minutes. In addition, there was an increase in antioxidant activity of 12,10% from the best treatment compared to the control treatment.

Aklimatization Black Orchid Plantlets (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) with Biostimulant Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.)

The growth of black orchid plantlets (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) are slow at the acclimatization stage. An alternative was used moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) as a biostimulant. The aim of this research to find out the effect of giving moringa leaf extract on the growth of black orchid plantlets at the acclimatization stage and to obtain the best concentration and timing of extract to increase the growth of black orchid plantlets. The research used a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) method with two factors. Factor I is the concentration of the extract which consists of 5 levels, namely 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L. Factor II is the application time which consists of 2 levels, namely once a week and every 2 weeks, each treatment is repeated 5 times. The results showed that moringa leaf extract had a significant effect on the mean leaf width and number of plantlet roots of black orchids. Extract concentration of 50 mg/L was the best concentration on the growth of black orchid plantlets with an average leaf width of 0.76 cm and an average root number of 8.2. Recommended for the acclimatization of black orchids to use extract concentration 50 mg/L.

Impact of Grafting Techniques on Success Rate, Survival and Growth of Different Adenium (Adenium obesum) Scions under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

This work was carried out for 5 months from February, 2022 to June, 2022 in shadenet house, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was designed according to a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD), using five different adenium hybrids and three different types of grafting techniques. The experiment was replicated three times. The different hybrids used in the experiment were Masai, Cream of My Body, Tangerine, Super Moon, Golden Jublee and grafting techniques were wedge, cleft, flat. The results obtained showed that the hybrid Golden Jublee with flat grafting was found superior in terms of days taken to 1st sprout, sprouting percentage, number of sprouts and survival percentage while hybrid Cream of My Body with flat grafting was found superior in terms of number of leaves, shoot length and stem girth. Therefore, Golden Jublee and Cream of My Body are suitable for propagation through flat grafting under agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj.