Factorial Randomized Block Design Research Articles

Aplikasi Mikrooganisme Lokal (MOL) Pelepah Kelapa Sawit terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

A common horticultural plant in Indonesia is the Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Because of its low nutrient content, pakcoy output declines annually. By applying fertilizer, low nutrient levels can be raised. One such form of fertilizer is local microorganisms an organic fertilizer. Gibberellin, cytokinin, auxsin, and other phytohormones substances that promote plant growth and development as well as inhibitors that can boost plant activity and nutrition are all found in local microorganisms. Palm fronds, which are by products of the palm oil industry, are one type of organic material that can be utilized as local microorganisms. This study sought to ascertain the impact and optimal method of administering local microorganisms to oil palm fronds in order to promote growth and pakcoy plant output. The study employed a non factorial Randomized Block Design with 3 replications and 4 treatments. D0 (control), D1 (10 ml/polybag), D2 (15 ml/polybag), and D3 (20 ml/polybag) were the treatments. Plant height (cm), number of leaves (pieces), leaf breadth (cm), and wet weight (g) were the parameters used for the observation. The height and quantity of leaves of pakcoy plants are 2 growth characteristics that are impacted when oil palm fronds are given local microorganisms. With a concentration of 15 ml/polybag, treatment D2 produced the highest local microorganisms concentration of oil palm fronds.

Growth, productivity, and harvest quality of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) as food and bioethanol raw material with various treatments

The purpose of this study was to investigate the different environmental factors that influence the growth, productivity, and quality results of harvest sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as material food alternatives and materials raw bioethanol. The study consisted of 3 different treatments, where each treatment produced data to examine its effect on productivity, quality results. The experiment was designed using RAKF (factorial randomized block design) experimental design with one treatment factor, the usage of biofertilizer. The results show that liming at a dose of 2.5 tons/ha (Ca1) is sufficient to cultivate on acid soils with the red-yellow podzolic type and is more optimal if using a dosage of 5 tons per hectare depending on the results of soil analysis before planting. The best sugar quality is produced in the planting treatment during the dry season, with a total sugar value of about 14.5% and the highest reduction sugar of 2.4%. The addition of lime to acidic soil and the application of chemical and biofertileizers are crucial for optimal growth, enhancing both vegetative and generative development when applied in appropriate amounts. Furthermore, exploring the physiological mechanisms behind seasonal impacts on sugar content and assessing the economic viability of different planting seasons will provide valuable guidelines for farmers seeking to maximize food production and bioethanol raw materials.

Enhancing growth, yield, essential oil content, and composition of holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) using red algae-based bio-stimulant under acidic conditions of the Western Himalayas

BackgroundThe rising costs of synthetic fertilizers highlight the need for eco-friendly alternatives to enhance essential oil production in aromatic plants. This study evaluated the effects of red algae seaweed extract [Solieria chordalis (C. Agardh) J. Agardh] on holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) in the Western Himalayas, by using five concentrations (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mL/L) and two application methods (drenching and foliar spray) in a factorial randomized block design analysing data at 5% significance level. Seaweed extract significantly improved growth and yield, with the highest essential oil content and biomass. By examining various concentrations and application techniques, the study seeks to determine the best practices for maximizing essential oil production.ResultsApplication of S. chordalis at 7.5 mL/L, increased essential oil content by 71.4% and biomass by 63.4% compared to the control. The foliar application also resulted in 50% higher essential oil content than drenching. Application of S. chordalis at 7.5 mL/L significantly enhanced essential oil components like eugenol, methyl eugenol, and methyl cinnamate by 61.5%, 17.6% and, 48.4%, respectively, compared to control. Based on the results of the present study, the foliar application of 7.5 mL/L seaweed extract is recommended for optimizing holy basil growth, biomass yield, essential oil content and composition.ConclusionsBased on the results of the present study, the foliar application of 7.5 mL/L seaweed extract is recommended for optimizing holy basil growth, biomass yield, essential oil content and composition. This study encourages the utilization of bio-stimulants, enhancing sustainability, and resilience in agriculture.

Chemical Composition, Fermentation Parameters and Losses of Silages From Different Hybrids of Biomass Sorghum

ABSTRACTDue to their high productivity, biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids may be promising to maximise roughage production for ruminants. However, the variation in chemical composition among hybrids may impact the nutritional value and the fermentation process of the silages produced. Thus, the present study assessed the fermentation quality and chemical composition of silages from five hybrids of biomass sorghum. The experiment adopted a 5 × 2 factorial randomised block design with five biomass sorghum hybrids (CMSXS5039, CMSXS5044, CMSXS7102, CMSXS7103 and BRS 716) sowed in two municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Dourados and Jateí). The parameters assessed were chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility, profile of short‐chain organic acids, pH, ammonia, fermentation losses and aerobic stability. The silages produced from CMSXS7102, CMSXS7103 and BRS 716 in Dourados had higher fibre content and lower digestibility coefficients. In contrast, hybrids with higher non‐fibrous carbohydrate content and lower lignin levels, such as CMSXS5044 and CMSXS5039, exhibited the best digestibility values. Silages produced in Jateí had higher moisture content, which resulted in increased effluent losses, particularly for the CMSXS5044 (450 kg ton−1 DM) and CMSXS5039 (320 kg ton−1 DM) hybrids. This higher effluent production in Jateí led to lower soluble protein (SP) and degradable protein (DP) concentrations compared to the silages from Dourados. Additionally, the higher moisture content in Jateí promoted the production of butyric acid in the silages. Silages from the CMSXS5039 hybrid (70.5 g kg−1 DM) had the highest lactic acid content; however, no significant difference was observed in acetic acid levels between the treatments. Overall, all the sorghum biomass hybrids tested produced silages with good fermentative and nutritional quality, but CMSXS5039 stood out in most of the parameters evaluated.

Effect of Foliar Application of Water Soluble Fertilizer and Humic Acid on Physico-chemical Properties and Fertility Status of Soil after Harvest of Rose

A field experiment on “Effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizer and humic acid on yield and quality of rosa sp was carried out during Rabi season at PG Research unit, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur during 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatments comprised of four levels of water soluble fertilizer (19:19:19) viz., Control, 200 g, 300 g and 400 g and three levels of humic acid viz., Control, 500 ppm and 750 ppm giving twelve treatment combinations replicated thrice. The collected soil samples were processed and analysed for different soil parameter like soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, calcium carbonate, available nitrogen, available phosphorus available potassium and available sulphur using standard analytical methods. Results revealed that pH of all the samples of study area was in the neutral to alkaline. Electrical conductivity of all the samples were found normal (<1.0 dsm-1). The organic carbon content of the study area varies from low to medium. The availability of NPK after harvesting was found superior in treatment combination (F4H3), which involved application of 400 g 19:19:19 with 750 ppm humic acid.

Response of Levels of Nitrogen and Row Spacing on Growth and Leaf Yield of Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) var. Arka Anupama

A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, with a view to study the response of levels of nitrogen and row spacing on growth and leaf yield of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) var. Arka Anupama during Rabi season of the year 2019-20 with factorial randomized block design (FRBD) comprising of three levels of nitrogen viz., 60 kg Nha-1 (N1), 80 kg Nha-1 (N2) and 100 kg Nha-1 (N3) and three row spacing viz., 20 cm (S1), 30 cm (S2) and 40 cm (S3) along with three replications. The study was revealed that the application of Nitrogen 100 kgha-1 (N3) gave maximum shoot length (29.24 cm), maximum number of leaves (13.37), maximum leaf area (91.02 cm2), chlorophyll content SPAD value (37.10), ascorbic acid content (76.47 mg) at first cutting, maximum fresh leaf weight i.e. 57.88, 52.77, 48.23 and 38.33 g and maximum dry leaf weight i.e. 6.50, 6.24, 5.81 and 4.92 g at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cutting, respectively and maximum leaf yield per plot (20.90 kg) and per hectare (37.32 t ) while in case of row spacing, S3 (40 cm) gave maximum number of leaves (13.44), maximum leaf area (89.69 cm2) at first cutting, maximum fresh leaf weight i.e. 56.63, 51.92, 46.30 and 36.67 g and maximum dry leaf weight i.e. 6.41, 6.20, 5.82 and 4.75 g at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cutting respectively while, maximum number of plants/sq.m at 10 DAS (47.05), shoot length (28.98 cm), green leaf yield per plot (20.68 kg) and per hectare (36.93 t) observed in treatment S1 (20 cm).

Influence of New Generation Plant Growth Regulators and Fruit Bagging on Organoleptic Properties of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. G-27

The current study was performed at the field of Horticulture Research Orchard, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior (M.P.) during 2022-23 and 2023-24. The main aim of the study was to identify the effect of new generation Plant Growth Regulators and fruit bagging techniques on the organoleptic characteristics (appearance, taste, color, aroma and overall acceptability) of guava fruits. The experiment was laid in Factorial Randomized Block Design comprising of 20 treatment combinations. The individual as well as combined effect of novel PGRs and fruit bagging was studied. Maximum score on various organoleptic characteristics was recorded in treatment P5B3 (Salicylic acid 600 ppm + White polyethylene bag) while the minimum score was attained in P1B1 (control). The experiment shows the possibility of using white polyethylene bags in combination with salicylic acid 600 ppm treatment to improve the organoleptic properties of fruits of Psidium guajava L., maturity while reducing damage from insect pests

Effect of Novel Plant Growth Regulators and Fruit Bagging on Yield and Shelf Life of Guava (Psidium guajava L.)

The present investigation was carried out to identify the effect of novel Plant Growth Regulators and fruit bagging techniques on the yield and shelf life of guava cv Gwalior-27. Yield and shelf life parameters such as yield tree-1, yield hectare-1, yield hectare-1, physiological loss in weight, and rotting were analyzed. Brassinosteroids (BRs) have emerged as pleiotropic phytohormone owing to their wide function in crop growth and metabolism. Homo brassinolide (HBR) being an analogue of BRs is known to improve the growth, yield and quality parameters in many crop plants. Salicylic acid is accepted as safe and natural chemical compound for pre and post-harvest application on fruits to delay ripening, softening and reduction in lipid peroxidation and chilling injury in fruits. The experiment was laid in Factorial Randomized Block Design with 20 treatment combinations. It was observed that treatment combination P3B3 (Brassinosteroid (1.5 ppm) + White polyethylene bag) produced the maximum yield, while the maximum shelf life of guava fruits was attained in treatment combination P5B3 (Salicylic acid 600ppm + White polyethylene bag).

Standardization of size of cutting and IBA concentrations on the multiplication of underutilized leafy vegetables of Assam

An experiment unfolded at the Experimental Farm in the Department of Horticulture, AAU, Jorhat during 2021-22 to analyse the effect of different concentrations of IBA viz., H1: distilled water, H2: 25 ppm, H3: 50 ppm and H4: 75 ppm on three different cutting sizes (N1: 1 node, N2: 3 nodes, N3: 5 nodes) across three underutilized leafy vegetables (Brahmi, Matikanduri, Madhusoleng). In nursery, the experiment (I) was put out in Factorial Randomised Block Design (FRBD) from which the best and the poorest treatment of each crop were planted in the main field for further studies on their growth. In the main field, the experiment (II) was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications. The interaction between cutting size and IBA concentration spotlighted N3H4 as the pinnacle treatment in Brahmi displaying superior rooting percentage, longest root length, root diameter, highest root fresh and dry weights, highest root number, and hastening new leaf appearance. In Matikanduri, N3H4 excelled in rooting percentage, root length, root diameter, fresh weight, and root number, whereas N3H3 caused the maximum root dry weight and quickest new leaf emergence. Madhusoleng exhibited optimal results with N3H4, showcasing the highest rooting percentage, longest root length, root diameter, root fresh and dry weights, root number, and minimum time to new leaf appearance. In the main field, Brahmi-survival percentage (99.50%), plant height (21 cm), plant spread (29.25 cm), number of branches (3.75), leaf number (21.25), Matikanduri- survival percentage (98.75%), plant height (40.45 cm), plant spread (68.95 cm), number of branches (38.25), leaf number (330.50), Madhusoleng- survival percentage (98.50%), plant height (82.00 cm), plant spread (102.25 cm), number of branches (31.00), leaf number (378.75) were found to be best in the same treatment combination of N3H4 with maximum BC ratio of 3.31, 4.46, and 5.80, respectively.

Optimization of Concentration and Frequency of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application on Cherry Tomato Plants (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Ruby) Growth and Yield

Cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Ruby) represent a significant segment of global vegetable production. In Indonesia, there is a notable demand for cherry tomatoes, as they serve dual purposes: they can be enjoyed fresh as a dessert or thirst quencher, and they can also be incorporated into a variety of culinary dishes and beverages. Their distinctive flavor and appearance make them popular for diverse culinary applications. The economic potential of cherry tomatoes is substantial, driven by strong demand in both local and international markets. However, cherry tomato cultivation's low productivity levels do not match this high consumer interest. An alternative approach to enhance productivity is using liquid organic fertilizer (POC), which is rich in various macro and micronutrients. This research aims to assess the impact of different concentrations and application frequencies of Hantu POC on the growth and yield of cherry tomato plants. A factorial randomized block design was employed, focusing on two primary variables: the concentration of Hantu POC (0 ml/l, 5 ml/l, 10 ml/l, and 15 ml/l) and the frequency of application (every 4 days, 7 days, and 10 days). Key parameters measured included plant height, leaf count, fruit quantity, and weight. Findings indicated that a concentration of 10 ml/l applied every 7 days yielded optimal results. Conversely, extending the application beyond 7 days resulted in suboptimal outcomes, with an average plant height of 49.44 cm and a total fruit weight of 311.94 grams. This study underscores the importance of identifying Hantu POC's appropriate concentration and application frequency to enhance cherry tomato production and promote sustainable agricultural practices.

Pengaruh Pupuk Kotoran Kambing dan Media Arang Sekam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.)

One of the vegetable commodities with the highest economic worth is green mustard greens. Optimizing the usage of fertilizers and planting material can increase the yield of green mustard greens. Plant growth and soil quality may be sustainably enhanced by using rice husk charcoal and goat manure. Goat dung and rice husk charcoal are being used in this study to boost the development and production of green mustard greens until the ideal fertilizer dose and planting media ratio are determined. ln May and June of 2024, this survey was conducted on land owned by residents of Wanasari Villager, Cibeber Region, Lebak Regencies, Banten Province. ln this investigation, three replications and two variables were employed in a factorial randomized block design (RAK). Goat dung dosage is the first factor, and it comes in three levels: 0 g/polybag, 1000 g/polybag, and 2000 g/polybag. A comparison of three levels of rice husk charcoal 0 g rice husk charcoal media and 2000 g soil (0:2)/polybag, 1000 g rice husk charcoal media and 1000 g soil (1:1)/polybag, and 2000 g rice husk charcoal media and 1000 g soil (2:1)/polybag is the second factor. This process is repeated three times to yield 27 plants. ANOVA and a post hoc test employing the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level were employed in this investigation. Plant height, leaf quantity, main leaf length, main leaf breadth, fresh plant weight, root length, and wet root weight were the characteristics measured in this investigation. The goat manure dosage had a notably distinct impact on green mustard development across all criteria, with 1000 g/polybag being the optimal amount.

Impact of Sowing Dates and Bio-Fertilizers on Yield Attributes and Yield Parameters in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

The field experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur to study the impact of sowing dates and bio-fertilizers on yield attributes and yield parameters in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with 3 replications. Twelve treatment combinations comprising of three sowing dates viz., D1 (1st July), D2 (15th July) and D3 (30th July) and four levels of bio-fertilizers viz., B0 Control (No bio-fertilizer), B1 (Azotobacter @ 3 kg/ha), B2 (PSB @ 3 kg/ha) and B3 (Azotobacter @ 3 kg/ha + PSB @ 3 kg/ha). The results of the study revealed that the treatment combination D1 (1st July) with B3 (Azotobacter @ 3 kg/ha + PSB @ 3 kg/ha), performed better than other treatments such as yield attributes and yield parameters viz., days to first fruit initiation (45.15 days), days to first picking (46.77 days), number of fruits per plant (26.49), fruit length (13.67 cm), average fruit weight (13.76 g), fruit yield per plant (356.98 g), fruit yield per plot (12.49 kg), fruit yield (132.16 q/ha). On the basis of results, it may be concluded that the sowing date 1st July + Azotobacter @ 3 kg/ha + PSB @ 3 kg/ha was found suitable in yield attributes and yield parameters viz., days to first fruit initiation, days to first picking, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (g), fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield (q/ha).

Effect of foliar application of boron and terminal bud clipping on growth, yield and economics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

A field experiment was carried out at college farm of N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari to study the “Influence of foliar application of boron and terminal bud clipping on growth, yield and quality of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)” during summer season of 2023. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The results revealed that foliar application of boron @ 150 mg/l + terminal bud clipping at 35 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height at harvest, number of branches/ plants, no. of capsule/plant, seed yield and stalk yield. The lowest values for yield and yield attributes were found with no application of boron + no clipping treatment. The experiment results showed that foliar application of boron @ 150 mg/l + terminal bud clipping at 35 DAS are promising for optimum yield and higher economic returns.

Synergy of Golden Snail Local Microorganism (LMO) and Seed Age in Optimizing Rice Seed Germination

This research aims to synergize local microorganisms (LMO) of golden snails (Pomacea canaliculata) and seed age in optimizing rice seed germination (Oryza sativa L.). Golden snail LMO, which is rich in organic nutrients and beneficial microorganisms, has the potential to improve seed quality and viability. The study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors: golden snail LMO concentration (Control, 20 ml/L water, 40 ml/L water) and seedling age (7 days, 11 days, and 15 days after sowing). The variables observed included seed germination, simultaneity grows and growth speed. The results showed that the golden snail LMO concentration of 20 ml/L and seed age of 11 days after sowing gave the highest results for the observed variables, namely seed germination and growth speed while the interaction between golden snail LMO concentration mas 40 ml/L and seed age of 15 days after sowing gave the highest results for the variable observing growth synchrony. The combination of the two factors showed a positive interaction that supported the germination process effectively. This study concludes that the use of golden snail LMO and selecting the right seed age can be an ecological and efficient approach to increasing rice seed productivity, supporting sustainable agriculture.

Economics of Fieldpea (Pisum sativum L.) as Influenced by Phosphorus Levels and Bio-fertilizers in Central Plains of Uttar Pradesh, India

A field experiment was conducted at the student instructional farm of CSAUA&T, Kanpur, during the Rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23. Sandy loam was the texture of the experimental soil. There are twelve treatment involving combinations of phosphorus and biofertilizers with three replication of factorial randomized block design (FRBD). A fieldpea variety IPFD 6-3 was planted according to recommended agronomic practices. The results of these studies indicate that fieldpea cultivation over a two-year period is consistent with T12 (P90 R1 PSB1), the most economically effective treatment and also recorded the highest economics parametric values i.e., maximum cost of cultivation of ₹39006 & ₹39751, gross return of ₹ 106055 & ₹118535, net return of ₹67049 & ₹ 78784 and benefit to cost ratios were 1.72 & 1.98 followed by the treatment T11.

Effect of Priming on the Phenology, Growth, and Yield of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt)

The Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) is a neglected crop species' third most important legume. It is cultivated for its numerous benefits. However, in the current context of decreasing rainfall, seed germination is often slow or even absent, leading to low yields. This study aims to evaluate the effect of seed priming on the phenological, growth, yield parameters, and yield components of Bambara groundnut cultivars under real field conditions during the 2023 rainy season. The experiment was conducted at the experimental station of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey (Niger). The experimental design used was a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Three treatments were compared: (i) soaking seeds in tap water for 12 hours, (ii) soaking seeds in tap water for 24 hours, and (iii) a control group without soaking. The results showed a significant difference between treatments for the time to emergence (P = 0.016), flowering (P = 0.001), and the date of 50% flowering (P = 0.0013). No significant differences were observed among cultivars for these parameters. Priming did not considerably affect LAI (leaf area index) across cultivars and treatments. Regarding yield and yield components, soaking for 24 hours resulted in significantly higher values, except for dry biomass yield.

Transforming Soil: Climate-Smart Amendments Boost Soil Physical and Hydrological Properties

A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of selected climate-smart agriculture practices on soil bulk density (ρ), porosity (β), hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), and nutrient dynamics in southeast Texas. Treatment combinations of two types of organic manure (chicken and dairy) with three rates (0, 224, and 448 kg N ha−1) and two levels of biochar (2500 and 5000 kg ha−1) were used in a factorial randomized block design. Bulk density and porosity measurements were conducted on undisturbed soil core samples collected from the topsoil (0–10 cm) of a field cultivated with sweet corn. Ksat was calculated from the steady-state infiltration measured using the Tension Infiltrometer (TI). The ANOVA results indicated that the manure application rates, and biochar levels significantly affected the soil properties. Compared to the control, β increased by 15% and 29% for the recommended and double recommended manure rates. Similarly, hydraulic conductivity increased by 25% in the double-recommended rate plots compared to the control. Also, we applied the concept of non-parametric elasticity to understand the sensitivity of soil physical and chemical properties to Ksat. ρ and β are critical physical properties that are highly sensitive to Ksat. Among soil nutrients, Boron showed the highest sensitivity to Ksat. Hydraulic conductivity can be enhanced by employing selected climate-smart practices and improving water management. Future directions for this study focus on scaling these findings to diverse cropping systems and soil types while integrating long-term assessments to evaluate the cumulative effects of climate-smart practices on soil health, crop productivity, and ecosystem sustainability.

The Effect of doses of Natural Super Phospate Fertilizer and Potassium on the Growth and Yield of Peanut Plants (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The purpose of the study was to determine the proper dosage of natural phosphate and potash fertilizers for peanut growth and yield. This research was conducted in Tanjung Village, Darul Hasanah District, Southeast Aceh Regency from October to December 2020. This study used 3x3 factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 3 repeats. The results showed that the dose of Natural Super Phosphat fertilizer had a significant effect on the weight of 100 dry seeds of peanut plants. The highest growth and soaking of dried peanut seeds tends to be obtained at a dose of Natural Super Phospat 100 kg P205 I ha. The dose of potash fertilizer had no significant effect on plant height at the age of 15, 30 and 45 watersheds, the number of well-fused pods per clump, the number of empty pods per clump, the weight of dry pods per clump, the weight of 100 dry seeds, the weight of dry seeds per net plot and the weight of dry seeds per hectare. Better growth and yield of dry seeds in peanut plants tend to be obtained with a dose of potash fertilizer of 75 kg K20 I ha. There is an insignificant interaction between the dose treatment of Natural Super Phosphate fertilizer and the dose of potassium fertilizer.

Seed Hardening, Foliar Spraying and their Combined Effect on Yield and Yield Attributes of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Different Seasons

The experiment was conducted during the summer and kharif seasons of 2022 using a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The study examined two factors: seed hardening, with nine levels, and foliar application of Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) at a concentration of 500 mg/L, with two levels. Results indicated that the treatment involving seed hardening with GA3 of 100 mg/L, combined with the foliar application of CCC, led to a significant increase in the number of pods per plant (35.14), pod yield per plant (36.74 g), seed yield per plant (19.97 g), seed yield per hectare (2255.02 kg), and harvest index (28.30). Conversely, the control, which did not receive any seed hardening or CCC treatment, showed the lowest performance in all measured traits, highlighting the importance of these interventions in maximizing crop yield.

The role of nutrient solutions on Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria population, Phosphorus availability, Phosphorus uptake, growth and yield of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)

Red chili consumption in Indonesia has increased every year. However, with large chili production to meet large consumption, land conversion for various purposes has reduced the harvested area. The efforts to increase the harvested area of chili using Inceptisols soil by providing nutrient solutions to overcome the infertility of the soil using its nutrients. This experiment aims to determine the effect of nutrient solution application on the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, phosphorus availability, phosphorus uptake, growth, and yield of Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in Inceptisols. The experiment was conducted from August 2023 to February 2024 at Ciparanje Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, and the analysis process was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology and Soil Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran., using a factorial randomized block design with two factors, nutrient solutions concentrates (1200, 1600, 2000 ppm) and nutrient solutions doses (200, 400, 600 mL), resulting in nine treatments and three replications. The results showed that the treatment of nutrient solution concentration and dose increased the number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, and yield of chili with grade A. Treatment with 2000 ppm concentrate + 600 mL dose gave the best results on the number of fruits per plant (44.7 fruits), fruit weight per plant (725g), and grade A chili yield (73 fruits).