Factor Personality Traits Research Articles

Personality, Interpersonal Identification and Agent’s Performance in Multilevel Marketing Industry (MLM): Preliminary

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the influence of personality traits on agent’s performance in MLM industry based in Malaysia, taking into consideration the mediating role of interpersonal identification. Design/methodology/approach – The Big Five Factors (BFF) of personality traits was used in this paper. Previous research and literature is reviewed to establish current practices and point to gaps to be filled to meet the market needs. This paper proposed a framework with interpersonal identification as a mediating factor of agent’s performance. Findings – The Multilevel Marketing (MLM) industry faces challenges in attracting and maintaining agents in their roles. The big five factors alone cannot effectively explain agents. Agent’s interpersonal identification can play a significant mediating role in the big five-factor framework in predicting agent’s performance. It is important for industry and academia to work collaboratively to educate the general public on the rewards and benefits of working in the MLM industry. Practical implications – Adopting strategies described in this study may contribute to social change by increasing the success rate among multilevel marketers, thus reducing unemployment, and producing a positive effect on the economy. Originality/value – This paper adds value and contributes to the MLM industry and academia, as it represents current research and thought processes from both the academic community and the practitioners (sales managers, executives, supervisors, human resources managers). The proposed framework in this paper helps researcher by providing a tool for systematic evaluation and testing of real empirical situation of agent’s performance.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Big Five Personality Traits and Smartphone Addiction.

This study contributed to cyberpsychology literature by identifying moderating role of gender in the relationship between personality traits and smartphone addiction. A multi-group SEM analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between five factor personality traits (i.e. Big Five) and smartphone addiction among men and women. Big-Five-Inventory (BFI) and Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) were used to collect data from 320 undergraduate students. The results suggested a positively significant relationship between neuroticism (emotional imbalance) and smartphone addiction for women only. Whereas, conscientiousness was negatively related with smartphone addiction for women. Further, there was a negatively significant relationship between agreeableness and smartphone addiction for both genders. The findings suggested that gender has a moderating role in the relationship between neuroticism and smartphone addiction.

BEŞ FAKTÖR KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ İLE SÜREKLİ ÖFKE - ÖFKE İFADE TARZLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Five factor personality theory consists of five sub-dimensions, that is to say, extroversion, neuroticism, amenability, openness to experience and self-discipline which are thought to form personality. As for anger, this particular feeling is expressed in forms of instant anger and constant anger. While constant anger represents being in the state of anger all the time instead of expressing anger in accordance with the experienced situation, the anger expression manners give clues about how the anger is expressed via subdimensions of inward anger, outward anger and anger management. This study is carried out in order to determine the relationship between five factor personality traits and constant anger – anger expression manners. The survey is delivered online to the students of Healthcare Management Department of Faculty of Health Sciences of Sivas Cumhuriyet University, and 160 students participated to the study. In terms of five factor personality theory and constant anger – anger expression manners scales, meaningful difference is determined in accordance with socio-demographics that is to say age, gender, average income, location (hometown), region, and parents’ education level. Excluding the sub-dimensions extroversion and inward anger, also meaningful relationship is determined among all sub-dimensions of five factor personality theory and constant anger – anger expression scales.

Anxiety in preadolescence: characteristics and explicative mechanism

Article presents the results of experimental research of anxiety at preadolescents. The research included 320 preadolescents (151 boys and 169 girls) aged between 10 and 15 years. The underlined characteristics and mechanism allows us to conceptualize in preadolescence integrally anxiety through age, gender approach, types of anxiety, factors of anxiety and personality traits of preadolescents with anxiety.

The factors of compassion fatigue among guidance counsellors

The research was about the compassion fatigue and its contributing factors in guidance counsellors. The sample for the study was 92 guidance counsellors. This study explored factors of compassion fatigue, work-related factors, personality traits and demographic factors utilising the following instruments: professional quality of life scale (ProQOLs), NEO PI-R and demographic questionnaire. The context for the study was different schools in Central Luzon – Region 3, Philippines. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression stepwise method were utilised in the study. Findings indicated that participants had low levels of burnout and low levels of secondary trauma stress as elements of compassion fatigue. Personality traits of the participants identified include low levels of neuroticism, average levels of extraversion, average levels of openness to experience, high level of agreeableness and high levels of conscientiousness. Multiple regression stepwise method confirmed that the personality traits neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness predict burnout with a variability of 40%. Likewise, salary as work-related factor also predicts burnout with a variability of 4.7%. Similarly, personality trait neuroticism is confirmed to predict secondary trauma stress with a variability of 21.9%. Based on the two elements of compassion fatigue, neuroticism was found out to be the best predictor among the personality traits.
 Keywords: burnout; compassion fatigue; guidance counsellors; secondary traumatic stress;

Dispositional Resistance to Change and User Resistance Behaviour to Use Human Resources Information Systems in the Healthcare Sector: The Moderating Role of Conscientiousness

The aim of this study is to predict the perspective of the end-user's resistance for using HRIS application in the context of public healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia. It attempts to open the black box of dispositional resistance to change (DRTC) by conceptualizing it as a dimension set. Furthermore, this study will incorporate the moderating effect of conscientiousness from big five factors of personality traits. Which will provide a better explanation about the influence of DRTC, and an accurate weight of effects caused by the end-user differences. The results were obtained using the survey method, involving 373 responses. The structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that routine seeking influenced both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and that both of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness significantly predicted behavioural intention, also that Conscientiousness moderate the relationship between behavioural intention and user resistance behaviour. Theoretically, the study suggests that end user’s resistance could be investigated and understood via various theories in a single model. The findings suggest that managers and system developers need to engage the end-users in developing HRIS in the public healthcare sector.

Personality traits are differently associated with depression and anxiety: Evidence from applying bivariate multiple binary logistic regression on a large sample of general adults.

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of five factors personality traits, as predictor variables, with the anxiety and depression as joint dependent variables in an Iranian adult population. A total of 3175 subjects living in Isfahan participated in this cross-sectional population-based study (SEPAHAN) and completed self-administered questionnaires about demographic, life style, gastrointestinal disorders, personality traits, social support, and psychological problems. Data was analyzed using bivariate multiple binary logistic regression in R Free statistical software. The results indicated high scores of neuroticisms increase the risk of anxiety and depression after adjustment for the potential confounders in total sample (OR (95% CI): 1.22 (1.19-1.24) and 1.19 (1.17-1.21), respectively) as well as in both male and female. In contrast, joint inverse associations were found between anxiety and depression with high extraversion (OR (95% CI): 0.90 (0.88-0.92) and 0.91 (0.89-0.92), respectively), agreeableness (0.93 (0.91-0.96) and 0.94 (0.92-0.96) respectively) and conscientiousness scores (0.95 (0.93-0.97) and 0.95 (0.94-0.97) respectively) as well as in both male and female. Furthermore, higher scores of openness had significant inverse association with depression in male. The present study indicated that higher scores of neuroticism, however lower extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness scores are risk factors for both anxiety and depression in Iranian adult population. It is suggested to perform family studies or twin and genetic association studies with considering combinations of personality traits (personality styles), and also measuring personality traits at the facet level.

Peer Sociometric Status and Personality Development from Middle Childhood to Preadolescence

Sociometric status, the regard that other group members confer to an individual, is one of the most ubiquitous and behaviourally relevant attributes assigned to the person by the social environment. Despite this, its contribution to personality development has received little attention. The present three–wave longitudinal study, spanning the age range 7–13 years ( n = 1222), sought to fill this gap by examining the transactional pathways between peer sociometric status (measured by peer nominations) and Five–Factor personality traits (measured by self–ratings and parent and teacher ratings). Sociometric status prospectively predicted the development of extraversion. By contrast, agreeableness and neuroticism prospectively predicted the development of sociometric status. Furthermore, individual–level stability in extraversion was associated with individual–level stability in sociometric status. The results were robust across different sources of personality ratings. We argue that peer sociometric status in the school classroom is the type of environmental effect that has potential to explain personality development. Because of its stability, broadness, and possible impact across a variety of personality processes, sociometric status can both repetitiously and simultaneously influence the network of multiple inter–correlated micro–level personality processes, potentially leading to a new network equilibrium that manifests in changes at the level of the broad personality trait. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

Cognitive style: The role of personality and need for cognition in younger and older adults

Cognitive style seems to influence cognitive activities in many important ways. A recently proposed Cognitive style indicator (CoSI) operationalizes three cognitive styles: knowing, planning and creating style. This study was designed to investigate the relation of five factor personality traits and Need for Cognition (NFC) with regard to a preference towards a certain cognitive style, depending on the age of participants. A sample of students (n = 108) and middle-aged employed adults (n = 115) completed CoSI, Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI-10) and Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have validated CoSI on an independent sample and confirmed its originally proposed 3-factor structure. Furthermore, the mediation model with multigroup structure for two age cohorts highlighted several significant connections between personality traits, NFC and three hypothesized cognitive styles. Results suggest that the relations between personality traits and cognitive style differ in different age groups, and are partially or totally mediated by NFC.

Tek Maddeli Narsisizm Ölçeği’nin Kısıtları ve Eleştirileri

Narcissism has recently been widely studied in the various subfields of psychology and in organizational behavior research. Narcissism is a structure that is studied under different classifications and related to this with various dimensions. In this context, it is examined at level of personality disorder or pathological narcissism in clinical research and at the subclinical level in social psychology and organizational psychology research. In addition, there are classifications of vulnerable, grandiose, normal, hypersensitive, collective narcissism. Within each classification, different aspects of narcissism are examined. Therefore, it is difficult to measure narcissism with a single item. In this study, it is aimed to obtain further findings on the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T) which was developed by Konrath, Meier, & Bushman (2014), and adapted into Turkish culture by Ozsoy et al. (2017). In this direction, psychometric properties of SINS-T were investigated in two separate studies (study 1 n = 349, study 2, n = 236, Total N = 585). In study 1, with Dark Triad components (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) on sample group of academicians; In the study 2, with five factor personality traits and NPI-16, on a heterogeneous employee group, the psychometric properties of SINS-T has been examined. With those variables the convergent and discriminant validity of SINS-T (with nomological networks and multi-method multi-method approach) were examined. In both studies, the score of SINS-T of men was higher than women. In both studies, the psychometric properties of SINS-T met the expectations of validity at a certain level. However, based on the limitations of single item scales, narcissism-specific constraints and the limitations of current research, it thought that SINS-T should not be considered as a competitor to current narcissi scales but it can be used as an alternative scale. In the discussion section, the findings of the study were interpreted and the limitations and criticisms of the study and SINS-T were emphasized. Key words: Narcissism, Single Item Narcissism Scale, Psychometric Properties, Limitations, Criticisms

Physical Fitness Level And Personality Traits At Age Six: Longitudinal Relationship With The Big Five

PURPOSE:To examine the longitudinal change of the Big Five factors of personality in children aged six years with high and low physical fitness(PF) levels. METHODS:The participants were 186 six-year-old children (87 boys, 99 girls). To measure PF level, PF tests for young children were conducted. Principal component analysis was performed for the seven PF test parameters, and the first principal component scores were converted into T scores classified by sex and age (categories spanning 0.5 years), which were treated as overall PF scores. To investigate children’s personalities with regard to the Big Five factors of personality, a questionnaire survey was administered to the children’s teachers. The five main factors of personality traits were “openness(O),” “conscientiousness(C),” “neuroticism(N),” “extraversion(E),” and “agreeableness(A).” Based on the overall PF score at age six we divided the participants into a higher PF level group (upper 25%, 47 participants) and lower PF level group (lower 25%, 47 participants). We conducted a two-factor analysis of variance (PF level × age) that corresponded to only one factor concerning the evaluation. When a significant main effect was observed, multiple comparison test (Tukey's HSD) was conducted. The statistical significance level of this study was less than 5%. RESULTS:“O” was significantly higher in the higher PF level group at ages five and six. “C” and “E” were significantly higher in the higher PF level group at ages four and six. “A” was significantly higher at ages four, five, and six in the higher PF level group. For “A,” a significant difference was found between the age of four and six and five and six in both groups, and for “E,” a significant difference was observed only in the higher PF level group, between the ages of four and five, four and six, and five and six. CONCLUSION:It was suggested that “A” and “E” are particularly fostered from the ages of five to six. It was inferred that personality characteristics were nurtured through physical activities such as athletic play, which involve communicating with multiple persons and obeying rules.

A study on Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Wage Workers: Focusing on the Sociodemographic Factors, Personality Trait Factors, and Organizational Factors

A study on Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Wage Workers: Focusing on the Sociodemographic Factors, Personality Trait Factors, and Organizational Factors

Personality or Value: A Comparative Study of Psychographic Segmentation Based on an Online Review Enhanced Recommender System

Big consumer data promises to be a game changer in applied and empirical marketing research. However, investigations of how big data helps inform consumers’ psychological aspects have, thus far, only received scant attention. Psychographics has been shown to be a valuable market segmentation path in understanding consumer preferences. Although in the context of e-commerce, as a component of psychographic segmentation, personality has been proven to be effective for prediction of e-commerce user preferences, it still remains unclear whether psychographic segmentation is practically influential in understanding user preferences across different product categories. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first quantitative demonstration of the promising effect and relative importance of psychographic segmentation in predicting users’ online purchasing preferences across different product categories in e-commerce by using a data-driven approach. We first construct two online psychographic lexicons that include the Big Five Factor (BFF) personality traits and Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) using natural language processing (NLP) methods that are based on behavior measurements of users’ word use. We then incorporate the lexicons in a deep neural network (DNN)-based recommender system to predict users’ online purchasing preferences considering the new progress in segmentation-based user preference prediction methods. Overall, segmenting consumers into heterogeneous groups surprisingly does not demonstrate a significant improvement in understanding consumer preferences. Psychographic variables (both BFF and SVS) significantly improve the explanatory power of e-consumer preferences, whereas the improvement in prediction power is not significant. The SVS tends to outperform BFF segmentation, except for some product categories. Additionally, the DNN significantly outperforms previous methods. An e-commerce-oriented SVS measurement and segmentation approach that integrates both BFF and the SVS is recommended. The strong empirical evidence provides both practical guidance for e-commerce product development, marketing and recommendations, and a methodological reference for big data-driven marketing research.

Use of Machine Learning to Measure the Influence of Behavioral and Personality Factors on Academic Performance of Higher Education Students

Quality of education and improvement of school achievement has been linked to students’ cognitive, behavioral and personality trait factors. Several researchers have investigated the correlation between these factors and students’ academic performance. Particularly, it is assumed that behavioral and personality factors, such as study habits and self-esteem, have a positive and high relationship with students’ academic achievement. However, research studies have shown a weak and inconsistent linear correlation level. Hence, research about better representation methods is needed. In this article we present and discuss the results from two studies on the influence of study habits and self-esteem on the academic performance of 153 college freshman students. First, we analyzed the linear correlation between our target variables; similar to previous work, we found a weak positive correlation between academic performance and study habits (r=0.283) and self-esteem (r=0.214). In addition, multiple linear regression was used to explain the relationship between these variables; it was found that the independent variables only explain the academic performance in 6.18%. Second, we propose to use K-means, an unsupervised clustering algorithm, as a better method to explain the influence of behavioral and personality factors and students’ academic performance. Through the use of this method: 1) a predictive model of the academic performance is proposed, 2) it was achieved a better representation about the influence among the target variables, and 3) a set of students’ academic profiles was created: low, medium and high. We found that 80% of the students with a high level of self-esteem and study habits (high academic profile) obtained a good or outstanding academic performance; outperforming students within the medium and low academic profiles by a significantly margin.

How Five-Factor Personality Traits Affect Psychological Distress and Depression? Results from a Large Population-Based Study

The objective of this study was to explore the association of five factors personality traits, as predictor variables, with the depression and psychological distress as joint-dependent variables in an Iranian general population. NEO-big five, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used for collecting data regarding personality traits and psychological problems from 3177 participants in a cross-sectional population-based study. Our findings showed that higher neuroticism scores increase the risk of psychological distress and depression score (p < 0.05). Participants with higher extraversion scores experienced lower levels of depression and lower risk of psychological distress (p < 0.05). Furthermore, higher scores of conscientiousness significantly increase, while agreeableness decreases the scores of psychological distress (p < 0.05). It is suggested to perform longitudinal studies focusing on both genetic and environmental factors on the relationships between personality and psychological disorders.

Cross-country analysis of alternative five factor personality trait profiles

The aim of our study was to examine the typical personality profiles of the Alternative Five Factor Model with its new factor-facet version questionnaire (Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire, 2010) on a large, cross-country database. The total sample of this study included 15,529 participants from 23 sub-samples from 22 countries and with 16 different languages. The sample consisted of university students and staff members.We applied model-based clustering both separately on each sample and on the total sample. Agreement between country-specific and total sample clustering was similar for the three-, four- and five-cluster solutions with Cohen's kappa coefficients ranging from 0.59 to 0.60. The optimal cluster number based on BIC values increased with sample size, but the most common one was five with the following typical profiles: overcontrolled, resilient, undercontrolled, reserved, and ordinary.

An Exploratory Study of Personality Traits and Psychological Coping Skills on Archery Performance

It is essential for coaches to understand the uniqueness of psychological elements and personality traits factors amongst athletes’ in order to optimise transmission of messages for efficient performance. The present study intends to explore the personality traits and psychological coping skills with their association to archery performance. A total of 32 archers drawn from different archery programmes participated in the study. The revised version of Eysenck personality, as well as psychological coping skills inventory, were used to determine the extroversion, neuroticism traits and psychological coping skills of the archers prior to their archery shooting tests. Discriminants analysis discriminate three variables from the eight with an acceptable Canonical correlation of 0.70 and excellent accuracy of 77.42%, 80.65%, and 83.87% respectively. Moreover, a follow up test from independent t-test reveals no statistically significant difference between the personality traits and archers’ ability of coping with adversity, coachability, concentration, confidence & achievement motivation, goal setting and mental preparation, peaking under pressure, freedom from worry, as well as their archery shooting scores p > 0.05. The findings from the present study indicated that both personality traits of extroversion and neuroticism possessed considerable psychological coping skills, therefore both could be suitable for performing sport of archery.

Moderating Effects of Contextual and Individual Factors on the Relationship between Cultural Precedents and Marketing-Related Norms

This paper discusses the effect of corporate culture precedents (i.e., job satisfaction, training, organizational justice, and ethical leadership) on marketing norms acceptance or violation (i.e., unethical practices of 4Ps) in an organization. In the analysis of behavior precedents, this paper analyzes the subsequent stage that predicts ethical behavior: corporate culture precedents. Moreover, the proposed model encompasses the moderating effects of contextual (i.e., ethical optimism, organizational factors, and industry factors) and individual (i.e., moral philosophies, demography, and personality traits) factors on the relationship between cultural precedents and marketing norms acceptance. Based on the discussions, the paper offers a set of propositions regarding the impacts of cultural precedents on marketing norms and the moderating roles of individual and contextual factors. Investigating the predictors of engaging in unethical acts in 4Ps leaves room for research since the attention to the topic has not been balanced and except for promotion and advertisement, other marketing mix variables (i.e., product, price, and distribution management) have attracted limited research focus. According to the proposed model, managers should focus on job satisfaction, training, ethical leadership and organizational/distributive justice to increase the chance of acceptance of marketing norms in the organization. Managers should also be aware of the role of moderating factors such as demography and personal traits of the people who they work with. By considering these roles, managers can better implement marketing norms in the organization. Keywords: Ethical Culture, Cultural Precedents, Marketing-Related Norms, Individual Factors, Contextual Factors.

M62 - TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN: SHARED POLYGENIC RISK OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SUICIDE ATTEMPT IMPLICATES COMMON PATHOMECHANISMS IN IMPAIRED EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING AND EXTERNALIZING DISORDERS

Background Suicide undoubtedly is the most devastating complications of psychiatric disorders. The link between suicide and mental health problems is strong, particularly for mood disorders and personality disorders. Growing evidence suggest large extent of shared etiology and psychopathology between psychiatric and personality disorders, even indicating the theory of a unified, general psychopathological dimension behind all mental disorder. However, little is known about the common genetic risk factors of personality traits and suicidal behavior. The aim of our study was to assess the extent of the shared genetic etiology between suicidal behavior and the NEO Big Five personality traits (NEO-FFI) by conducting a Polygenic Risk Score prediction (PRS) analysis. Methods Target sample of the PRS analysis included subject with BPD from the GAIN Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder (accession: phs000017.v3.p1, total n=999, suicidal n=358, control n=616, missing n=25) Suicidal attempt was assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies versions 2,3 and 4. To increase the genomic overlap between the training and target datasets, GAIN BPD samples were imputed by using SHAPEIT and IMPUTE2 with 1000 Genomes Project's Phase I v3 reference genome. SNP-based associations were tested with PLINK, whereas PRS analyses were carried out by using PRSice. PRS scores for each NEO-FFI personality traits were computed from the publicly available summary result files of the first phase of the Genetics of Personality Consortium GWAS meta-analysis (GPC1, 10 cohorts, n=17,375 subjects). All PRS models were adjusted for sex, age and potential population stratification. Results Nominally significant PRS prediction of suicidal attempt in the target sample were only shown for Conscientiousness at pt Discussion Polygenic profile score analysis suggest shared genetic etiology between suicidal attempt and certain personality traits. Since Conscientiousness kinks both externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and low Conscientiousness scores and high Extraversion scores correlate with impaired executive functioning, our findings confirm the involvement of executive functions in the pathomechanism of suicide and support the theory of a general psychopathologic dimension. However, due to the relatively small size of the target sample, and the modest strength of PRS predictions, our findings should be interpreted cautiously.

The Relationship between Attitudes towards Change and Five Factor Personality Traits of Nurses

The Relationship between Attitudes towards Change and Five Factor Personality Traits of Nurses