Exclusion Factors Research Articles

The risk factors for the failure of hook wire localization of ground glass nodules prior to thoracoscopic surgery

ObjectivesTo retrospectively analyse the potential influencing factors of CT-guided hook wire localization failure prior to thoracoscopic resection surgery of ground glass nodules (GGNs), and determine the main risk elements for localization failure.MethodsIn all, 372 patients were included in this study, with 21 patients showing localization failure. The related parameters of patients, GGNs, and localization were analysed through univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors of localization failure.ResultsUnivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that trans-fissure (odds ratio [OR] 4.896, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.489–13.939); trans-emphysema (OR 3.538, 95% CI 1.343–8.827); localization time (OR 0.956, 95% CI 0.898–1.019); multi-nodule localization (OR 2.597, 95% CI 1.050–6.361); and pneumothorax (OR 10.326, 95% CI 3.414–44.684) were risk factors for localization failure, and the p-values of these factors were < 0.05. However, according to the results of multivariate analysis, pneumothorax (OR 5.998, 95% CI 1.680–28.342) was an exclusive risk factor for the failure of preoperative localization of GGNs.ConclusionCT-guided hook wire localization of GGNs prior to thoracoscopic surgery is often known to fail; however, the incidence is low. Pneumothorax is an independent risk factor for failure in the localization process.

Moving ideas? The news media’s impact on ridehailing regulation in Canadian cities

ABSTRACT Over the last 5 years, regulating ridehailing has risen to the top of the agenda in nearly every major city. There is an established academic literature that speaks to how traditional news media shapes and informs the regulatory agenda for municipalities. Building off this literature, we investigate the role that traditional news media played in shaping the debate about regulating ridehailing in Canadian cities. After searching and analyzing the news media coverage of six major events and four general themes in eight major news media publications in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, we conclude that publications rarely took a consistent political/ideological viewpoint. We offer three non-mutually exclusive contributory factors to explain our results, however, the authors would like to emphasize that consolidation and profit-maximizing behavior in the news industry have led to the relinquishment of news media’s historical role in municipal agenda-setting.

Superinfection exclusion factors drive a history-dependent switch from vertical to horizontal phage transmission.

Temperate bacterial viruses are commonly thought to favor vertical (lysogenic) transmission over horizontal (lytic) transmission when the virion-to-host-cell ratio is high and available host cells become scarce. In P22-infected Salmonella Typhimurium populations, however, we find that host subpopulations become lytically consumed despite high phage-to-host ratios that would normally favor lysogeny. These subpopulations originate from the proliferation of P22-free siblings that spawn off from P22-carrier cells from which they cytoplasmically inherit P22-borne superinfection exclusion factors (SEFs). In fact, we demonstrate that the gradual dilution of these SEFs in the growing subpopulation of P22-free siblings restricts the number of incoming phages, thereby imposing the perception of a low phage-to-host ratio that favors lytic development. Although their role has so far been neglected, our data indicate that phage-borne SEFs can spur complex infection dynamics and a history-dependent switch from vertical to horizontal transmission in the face of host-cell scarcity.

Roadkill mortality decreases after road inauguration

The main factors affecting specific road casualty rates are related to life-history traits, road features, and landscape variables. After road inauguration, roadkill rate and spatial and temporal patterns can change substantially due to changes in traffic intensity, avoidance behaviour or local population decline. Despite the Canary Islands constituting a biodiversity hotspot, Canarian ecosystems are highly threatened because of the high human density, and studies on anthropogenic sources of mortality of wildlife are scarce. Here, we counted roadkills during two annual cycles after the inauguration of an 8.8-km-road section on Tenerife, the largest and most densely populated island of the Canaries. We counted 694 roadkills belonging to a minimum of 19 species of birds and six species of introduced mammals. Seasonal variation was apparent during both annual cycles, particularly for birds, being the majority of victims concentrated in May and June. Although traffic intensity increased since road inauguration, the number of roadkills decreased significantly in the second annual cycle. The reduction in road mortality in the second cycle could be related to some non-mutually exclusive factors such as population decline, road avoidance, or weather conditions. As road networks of the Canary Islands are still increasing, further studies quantifying road mortality impacts on Canarian ecosystems and threatened species are urgently needed to guarantee the management and conservation of its fragile wildlife.

We Are Not Heroes; Elevating the Discourse of Burnout in Hospice and Palliative Care Nurses (HPCNs) in the Pre/Post COVID Era: A Scoping Review (S504)

Outcomes1. Describe results from a scoping review related to personal factors, organizational and workplace factors, and nursing professional development factors related to hospice and palliative care nurses2. Recognize characteristics of hospice and palliative care nurses (HPCNs) that are associated with burnout and strategies to mitigate burnoutBackground and ObjectiveBurnout among HPCNs has been rising throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and threatens patient safety and quality of care. The extant literature provides insight into burnout within the interdisciplinary hospice and palliative care team, but little attention has been given among HPCNs specifically. We conducted a scoping review to examine burnout among HPCNs and unify disparate findings.Study IdentificationUsing the Arksey and O'Malley framework, we systematically searched 8 major databases from 2015 to 2020. Studies were included if they focused on HPCN experiences of burnout, were published in English within the last 5 years with the exception of seminal works, and were discoverable in electronic databases. Exclusion factors included articles that were not focused solely on hospice and palliative nursing, specifically focused on burnout (ie, depression, compassion fatigue, workplace environment), or research articles.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo authors extracted data from the full-text inclusion studies. Results were presented in tabular summary and descriptive summary of quantitative findings.ResultsAmong 1,893 studies, 8 met inclusion criteria. All studies were quantitative, classified as level IV within the rating system for hierarchy of evidence for literature, and spanned across 6 countries. HPCNs working across settings such as inpatient, outpatient, community, and inpatient hospice were represented. Results of studies were coalesced into 3 overarching categories: personal factors, organizational or workplace factors, and nursing professional development factors. Each of these categories was then divided into three cross-cutting subcategories: contributory and noncontributory factors, mitigating factors, and workplace issues.Conclusions and Implications for Practice, Policy, and ResearchBurnout among HPCNs may not be entirely preventable, but the recognition of contributory and mitigating factors should be taken into consideration by professional nurses and organizations. Additional research is needed to test workplace interventions suggested in the literature, including whether resilience or self-care measures affect burnout in HPCNs. Qualitative research is needed to capture HPCN experiences of burnout, especially in a post-COVID-19 era.

CRISPR/Cas9-based precision tagging of essential genes in bloodstream form African trypanosomes

Proteins of interest are frequently expressed with a fusion-tag to facilitate experimental analysis. In trypanosomatids, which are typically diploid, a tag-encoding DNA fragment is typically fused to one native allele. However, since recombinant cells represent ≪0.1% of the population following transfection, these DNA fragments also incorporate a marker cassette for positive selection. Consequently, native mRNA untranslated regions (UTRs) are replaced, potentially perturbing gene expression; in trypanosomatids, UTRs often impact gene expression in the context of widespread and constitutive polycistronic transcription. We sought to develop a tagging strategy that preserves native UTRs in bloodstream-form African trypanosomes, and here we describe a CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in approach to drive precise and marker-free tagging of essential genes. Using simple tag-encoding amplicons, we tagged four proteins: a histone acetyltransferase, HAT2; a histone deacetylase, HDAC3; a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor, CPSF3; and a variant surface glycoprotein exclusion factor, VEX2. The approach maintained the native UTRs and yielded clonal strains expressing functional recombinant proteins, typically with both alleles tagged. We demonstrate utility for both immunofluorescence-based localisation and for enriching protein complexes; GFPHAT2 or GFPHDAC3 complexes in this case. This precision tagging approach facilitates the assembly of strains expressing essential recombinant genes with their native UTRs preserved.

The association of breastfeeding and other factors on respiratory virus positivity and severity in hospitalized children.

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most prevalent diseases in children under 5 years old, and viruses are the leading cause. ARIs arise due to numerous factors, including age, contact with siblings or other children in daycare centers, and environmental pollution. Breastfeeding reportedly confers protection against ARIs through bioactive components related to mucous epithelial immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and severity of viral ARIs in hospitalized children, together with the status and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and other associated factors. It comprised an epidemiological surveillance study to investigate respiratory viruses in hospitalized children, in which demographic and clinical data were collected. Overall, 279 patients were included, 190 (68%) had positive viral results, and 132 (47%) were exclusively breastfed. In an adjusted analysis, it was observed that older children, the parents' educational level, and the presence of chronic disease were significantly related to EBF for more than 6 months. No significant differences were observed in viral positivity and disease severity concerning EBF. Whereas the EBF status was associated with a positive rate of virus detection, the significance did not remain after adjustment, and it was not considered a protective factor against ARIs. On the other hand, young age and exposure to tobacco were confirmed as risk factors of frequency and severity, respectively. Such confounding factors can impact the analysis and should be considered in future studies.

Winter–Spring Prediction of Snow Avalanche Susceptibility Using Optimisation Multi-Source Heterogeneous Factors in the Western Tianshan Mountains, China

Data-driven methods are commonly applied in avalanche hazard evaluation. However, few studies have tapped into the relationship between the explanatory variables and avalanche hazard in arid–frigid areas, and the seasonal dynamics of avalanche hazard and its attribution has not been discussed. Therefore, to fill the gap in the hazard assessment of a dry–cold snow avalanche, quantify the dynamic driving process of seasonal nonlinear explanatory variables on avalanche hazard, and improve the reliability of the assessments, this study used Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithms to construct three assessment models; these were used and verified in the western Tianshan Mountains, China. The following results were obtained: The causative factors of avalanches varied based on the season. In winter, terrain and snow depth played a major role, whereas spring was mainly influenced by snow depth and meteorological factors. The dynamic process of avalanche hazard was mainly governed by the seasonality of snow depth and temperature. The seasonal changes in avalanche hazard increased from low to high. The performance of all models was consistent for season and more reliable than the inter-annual evaluations. Among them, the RF model had the best prediction accuracy, with AUC values of 0.88, 0.91 and 0.78 in winter, spring and the control group, respectively. The overall accuracy of the model with multi-source heterogeneous factors was 0.212–0.444 higher than that of exclusive terrain factors. In general, the optimised model could accurately describe the complex nonlinear collaborative relationship between avalanche hazard and its explanatory variables, coupled with a more accurate evaluation. Moreover, free from inter-annual scale, the seasonal avalanche hazard assessment tweaked the model to the best performance.

Exclusive Breastfeeding and Factors Influencing Its Abandonment During the 1st Month Postpartum Among Women From Semi-rural Communities in Southeast Mexico.

IntroductionIn this study we describe breastfeeding practices among women from semi-rural communities in southeast Mexico, and explore which factors, modifiable or not, are associated with such practices.Materials and MethodsThis was a formative cross-sectional study that included 143 mothers with infants 4–6 months old, from semi-rural communities in Tabasco, Mexico. We collected data on two categories of factors: (1) women's sociodemographic characteristics, and (2) maternal / infant factors. We first analyzed the frequency of various breastfeeding practices. Then, we classified participants into the up to 1 month of exclusive breastfeeding group ( ≤ 1 m-EBF) and the beyond 1 month EBF group (>1 m-EBF), if they practiced EBF for less or more than 1 month, respectively. We compared the two categories of factors between groups and then, using logistic regression models, explored which factors were associated with practicing >1 m-EBF.ResultsBy the end of the 1st month postpartum, 51.7% of participants had abandoned EBF, introduced milk formula (35%), other food (9.1%), non-nutritive liquids (7.7%), or had stopped breastfeeding completely. In the next months, EBF practice fell sharply and mixed feeding grew importantly.Logistic regression models showed that women were more likely to be in the >1 m-EBF group if they lived with the baby's father, had complications during pregnancy, delivered vaginally and attended a health center at least three times postpartum. To the contrary, women were less likely to be practice >1 m-EBF if they gave infants other liquids during their hospital stay; experienced pain or discomfort in breasts/nipples, or used a pacifier after hospitalization; had larger bodies (i.e., higher BMI); and believed that you should give the infant powdered milk or some other food when the baby is not full.ConclusionMany factors associated with abandoning EBF, particularly in the early postpartum period, are modifiable and can be altered through timely interventions that include giving correct information and ensuring its comprehension; assertive personal counseling and accompaniment must be provided to mothers; and reinforcement during the early postpartum at health facilities and other settings.

Abstract P2-01-14: The multi switching activity of neutrophils in the circulation of patients with early breast cancer

Abstract Neutrophils (Ns) influence cancer cell survival and metastasis through the release of chemokines, cytokines and interactions within the microenvironment and at distal sites from the primary tumour. Background: Patients with Breast Cancer (BC) often display elevated levels of circulating blood neutrophils and an elevated neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with a shorter disease-free survival in patients with Early Breast Cancer (EBC). Evidence from mouse models of BC shows that Ns can either have a tumour-promoting or tumour-inhibitory role. CD62L (L-selectin) is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of leukocytes which is important for helping circulatory Ns bind to the endothelium and migrate into tissues and is rapidly shed upon N activation. Our laboratory has found a lower proportion of Ns expressing CD62L in pre-clinical models of BC, which implies that Ns from tumour-bearing mice have less endothelial- adhesive capacity and hence will remain in the circulation for a longer time. However, there is limited knowledge regarding whether different N subpopulations are present within the circulation of patients with BC, how early this occurs in the disease process and whether this is influenced by BC phenotype. In order to address these questions, we phenotyped Ns from BC patients. Objectives: Our primary objectives were to investigate changes in the surface marker CD62L expression via flow cytometry in neutrophils from patients and HVs to see if the changes seen in the pre-clinical mouse models were also seen in patients. Since kinases govern many aspects of intracellular signalling and functions, we also assessed the Serine Threonine Kinase (STK) and Phosphotyrosine Kinase (PK) activity within circulatory neutrophils in patients with Breast Cancer and paired HVs using a Pamgene kinase assay. This evaluated the activity of kinases (n = 340 kinases) in N lysates to compare N kinase activity in EBC patients and age-matched HVs. Methods: We recruited 28 patients with Early BC (EBC) (10 Node +, 18 node -; 10 T1 and 16 T2 and 2 T3) and paired healthy volunteers (HVs) who were age and sex-matched to compare phenotypical features of Ns isolated from the blood. 21 Patients with Oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) and 7 with Oestrogen receptor negative (ER -) EBC were recruited between June 2018 and June 2021. No patient had overt metastatic disease and all were screened for exclusion factors, such as infection, autoimmune conditions and certain medication known to influence neutrophils. Results: We found that ER+ patients had a lower level of the CD62Llow neutrophil subset compared to HVs (P&amp;lt; 0.0375). In contrast there was a significant increase in the CD62Llow neutrophil subset (2-fold higher) for ER - patients compared to HVs (P&amp;lt; 0.0316).The Pamgene kinase assay showed that there was a general upregulation in both STK and PK kinase activity, especially the tyrosine family of kinases for patients with ER positive breast cancer (Median kinase score which is the combined sensitivity score and specificity score &amp;gt; 1.2) and a general downregulation in kinase activity, especially the CMGC family of kinases for patients with ER negative disease (Median kinase score &amp;gt; 1.2) compared to paired HVs. The functional implications of these differences in kinase activity are being actively investigated. Conclusion: We have detected changes in CD62L expression and neutrophil kinase activity within the circulation of patients with EBC and the nature of these changes appear to be intrinsically linked to ER subtype. These findings may have important implications for use as part of an early diagnostic multi-omic platform. Citation Format: Anisha Ramessur, Bana Ambasager, Ilaria Malanchi, Raoul Charles Coombes. The multi switching activity of neutrophils in the circulation of patients with early breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-14.

Distributions of nitrogen and phosphorus in ice-covered water systems and comprehensive evaluation of water quality in reservoirs during the freezing period

ABSTRACT The distributions of nitrogen and phosphorus and the comprehensive water quality of reservoirs during freezing periods constitute weaknesses in water quality management strategies during certain periods. In this paper, ice and water samples of a typical reservoir, Biliuhe reservoir, were collected and analysed, and the comprehensive water quality was evaluated by the variable fuzzy recognition method. The results showed that the effect of ‘salt exclusion’ during ice formation was obvious, with exclusion factors of 10.54 and 1.26 for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. The evaluation results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the water column and ice were 2.68 and 1.44, respectively, during the freezing period. When considering the effect of salt exclusion, the TN and TP contents in the surface water of the reservoir were 3.15 and 2.62 times the previous contents, respectively, and the evaluation results showed that the surface water quality decreased by 5%. The effect of salt exclusion during ice formation in winter mainly occurred in the top layer of the water column under ice in the deep reservoir. It is necessary to further study the influence of reservoir sediments on water quality in ice-covered water systems.

Splicing factor arginine/serine-rich 8 promotes multiple myeloma malignancy and bone lesion through alternative splicing of CACYBP and exosome-based cellular communication.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a distinctive malignancy of plasma cell within the bone marrow (BM), of which alternative splicing factors play vital roles in the progression. Splicing factor arginine/serine‐rich 8 (SFRS8) is the exclusive factor associated with MM prognosis, however its role in MM remains undefined.MethodsThe analyses of 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐ phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and xenograft model were performed to examine cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in SFRS8 overexpression or knockdown MM cells in vitro and in vivo. The SFRS8‐regulated alternative splicing events were identified by RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP‐seq) and validated by RIP‐qPCR and Co‐IP methods. Exosomes were extracted from the supernatant of myeloma cells by ultracentrifugation. Bone lesion was evaluated by TRAP staining in vitro and SCID/NOD‐TIBIA mouse model. A neon electroporation system was utilised to deliver siRNA through exosomes. The effect of siRNA‐loaded exosomes in vivo was evaluated by using a patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model and SCID/NOD‐TIBIA mouse model.ResultsSFRS8 was significantly upregulated in MM samples and positively associated with poor overall survival (OS) in MM patients. SFRS8 promoted MM cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, calcyclin binding protein (CACYBP) was identified as the downstream target of SFRS8. Particularly, SFRS8 could reduce CACYBP isoform1 (NM_014412.3) and increase CACYBP isoform2 (NM_001007214.1) by mediating the alternative splicing of CACYBP, thereby altering the ubiquitination degradation of β‐catenin to promote MM progression. In addition, SFRS8 promoted osteoclast differentiation through exosomes in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, exosomal siRNA targeting CACYBP isoform2 inhibited tumour growth in PDX and SCID/NOD‐TIBIA mouse models.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that targeting the SFRS8/CACYBP/β‐catenin axis may be a promising strategy for MM diagnosis and treatment.

Assessing Sensory Processing Disorders in a Child Guidance Clinic with Focus on ADHD

Introduction: Sensory processing generally refers to the handling of sensory information by neural systems, including the functions of receptor organs and the peripheral and central nervous systems. Sensory processing difficulties occur in a host of neuro developmental problems like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among several others. These can also occur in children considered otherwise normal. Aim: To assess prevalence and distribution of Sensory Processing Difficulties among children attending the Child Guidance Clinic with focus on ADHD (excluding ASD) in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. Methodology : All new cases attending the Child Guidance Clinic during study period were included. Serious comorbid physical illness requiring admission, refusal to give consent and cases diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, learning disorder, Intellectual Disabilities and Psychiatric sequelae of serious physical illness were exclusion factors. All children who were referred to the Child Guidance Clinic were routinely administered the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI), followed by detailed evaluation. Cases were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Final diagnosis regarding psychopathology was made on the basis of DSM-5 criteria. Following this, another researcher (Occupational therapist) who was blind to the diagnosis screened the patient for Sensory Processing Difficulties using the validated tools Winnie Dunn Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Results: Difference of mean SSP scores between two groups i.e. ADHD (mean score – 134.41) and others including ODD, CD, Mood disorders (mean score-153.10) was statistically significant. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that children with externalizing behaviors like ADHD may also have underlying sensory processing difficulties which may be masked. Hence evaluation of sensory processing difficulties should form an integral part of the assessment process in such conditions. Key word : Sensory Processing Difficulties, ADHD, Occupational therapy.

Editorial - Exclusion Factors

Individualized professional projections or organizational career plans recognize the existence of processes – operational or structural – that are discriminatory. Career evolution is often marked by situations of exclusion built by obstacles that inhibit ascent, both to decision-making nuclei, and to equal opportunities. And, both, in a very notorious way. Exclusion scenarios are, in fact, differentiated. But, complementary. The first of these scenarios, the most significant, involves the gender factor. Discriminatory practices, especially in relation to women, but not only, do not appear only in relation to underrepresentation at the hierarchical level of the organization. Also, the areas of greatest perspective, such as the digitization of value chains, are largely male domains. This domain also appears in social networks for new work opportunities. Without forgetting, of course, the maternity issue. Other exclusion factors also deserved attention from academic research: the format of performance evaluations, including in the public sector, the profile of HR practices and policies, and even questions of values and the origin of training. In this context, first recognizing the limits to understanding the complex world of discrimination scenarios and, taking into account the different possibilities for academic research to address the topic, the difficult reality involving exclusion factors in career development has been transformed in the thematic axis of the articles that make up the first issue of Volume 12 of Revista de Carreira e Pessoas.

Knowledge, practice and perceptions on exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers in rural primary health facilities in southwestern Nigeria

Background/Aims Exclusive breastfeeding is important for the growth and development of infants. Thus, it is important to examine the practice of exclusive breastfeeding and factors that may affect it. This study aimed to assess nursing mothers' knowledge on and practice of exclusive breastfeeding, the relationship between knowledge and practice and factors perceived to influence exclusive breastfeeding. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data using a self-designed questionnaire from mothers of children aged 0–6 months, at two primary health centres, Leslie and Igbogidi, in Ogun State, Nigeria. Participants were assessed on their knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding, as well as their perceptions of factors that influence the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to assess the relationship between participants' knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Results The majority (76.0%) of mothers had adequate knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding. However, only 58.5% practised exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding (P&lt;0.000). Conclusions Participants' knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding did not coincide with its practice. Mothers should be supported through education and resources in order to improve rates of exclusive breastfeeding.

Housing Dysfunctions For Orphans as a Factor of Their Social Exclusion

The purpose of the article is to study the factors of social exclusion of graduates of residential institutions, to analyze the relationship between the processes of their housing deprivation and social exclusion, to determine the effectiveness of regional measures of social support for orphans while waiting in line for housing. In 2021, the authors conducted a survey of graduates of residential institutions (N = 3868 people). The results of the study showed that only 4.8% of graduates of boarding schools were able to get an apartment in a timely manner. As a result, orphans are forced to solve their problems on their own: rent an apartment, seek shelter from friends or relatives. Housing deprivation of orphans becomes a trigger point for such manifestations of social exclusion as limited access to vital social services, problems with employment, and a difficult financial situation. The untimely provision of housing, the absence or insufficiency of compensatory measures of regional support compress the space for the implementation of successful life scenarios for orphans, and form the risks of social anomie. The consequence of these dysfunctions is the growth of protest potential among graduates of boarding schools.

Anthropological research on coming of age and “extended youth”: Youth “well-spent” in Serbia

While focusing on the phenomenon of ?extended youth?, this paper presents the results of anthropological research on coming of age: classical and contemporary. The paper questions the parameters of ?normality? when it comes to ?extending? phases, youth in particular. While examining what it means to be young, the paper emphasises anthro?pological contributions to life course research. First of all, the paper focuses on research that highlights concepts seen as universal and biological. Moreover, it approaches classical anthropological research that analyses lifecycle customs and rites of passage. By emphasising classic an?thropological works, such as the contributions of Margaret Mead, the paper shows how ethnographic examples have helped present the diversity of the perception of ?ade?quate?, ?normal?, and ?good? when it comes to life stages or transitions from one life stage to another. In addition to the work of Mead, special attention is paid to the work of Arnold van Gennep, whose research on rites of passage had a great influence on generations of Serbian ethnologists and anthropologists. Van Gennep?s scheme of successive stages made up of the pattern of rites of passage (separation, transition/liminality, and ag?gregation) has been particularly important in the context of the transition into adulthood. Finally, this paper analy?ses how young people in Serbia perceive their youth and life stages in the contemporary context. The presented results are part of a qualitative research study based on in-depth interviews conducted in 2019 and 2020. The re?sults highlight the cultural representations of the ?normal? life course and life stage transitions, then present how some young people manage their transition to adulthood in order to perceive their youth as ?well-spent?. The con?clusion examines how time, life phases, and expectations have been constructed in the local context. Moreover, the paper highlights the layers of the transition to adulthood and autonomy (residential, financial, emotional etc.) that, furthermore, show the complexity of the phenomenon of ?extended youth?. By questioning the mainstream explanations of extended youth as an exclusive consequence of structural factors and political crisis, the paper offers an alternative explanation of extended youth through the analysis of cultural logic.

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND FEMICIDE AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

Ponte Academic JournalSep 2022, Volume 78, Issue 9 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND FEMICIDE AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVEAuthor(s): Jacob Tseko Mofokeng ,Kagiso Nicholas TlouJ. Ponte - Sep 2022 - Volume 78 - Issue 9 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2022.9.2 Abstract:South Africa is a deeply violent society and continues to wrestle with the impact of decades of institutionalised racism, sexism, exclusion, structural violence and other factors that have continued to undermine human development and positive social cohesion. Gender-based violence and femicide (GBVF) is a phenomenon that drives numerous acts of violence against women, children and homosexuals that are mostly, committed by men at a high rate. These attacks are also prone at the higher education institutions (HEIs) both in South Africa and selected countries. Factors that contribute to GBVF at the HEIs pose a direct threat to the health, safety, and wellbeing of students, this then means that the cases of GBVF pose a threat to the mere existence of HEIs. The consulted literature review highlighted the common factors that contribute to GBVF at HEIs globally. Factors leading to GBVF, its effects on the survivors and methods to eliminate its occurrence were revealed by the analysis. Becoming aware of factors contributing to gender-based violence and strategies to address this scourge can minimise the occurrence of GBVF at HEIs. Understanding the concepts and strategies to prevent the occurrence of GBVF can assist HEIs to minimise these incidences. Recommended ways in which the HEIs community could adequately respond to, these factors suggested to inform policy and practice. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

МІЖНАРОДНІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Ensuring the process of economic development is extremely complex and it is carried out under the influence of a whole range of different contradictory and sometimes mutually exclusive factors. Experience shows that the idea of the historical conditionality of development, progress, social evolution finds its practical application not directly to the individual socio-economic system, but as a general direction, the vector of movement of world civilization. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive study of growth strategies of "breakthrough" economies and developed countries to identify features of their development.The methodological basis of the study was the works of domestic and foreign scientists, which reveal the essence of the strategy of economic development of different countries. The comparative analysis, historical analysis, and statistical method were used in the study. Results of the study.In the study, growth strategies of "breakthrough" economies and developed countrieswere analyzed and systematized.Characteristic features of strategies for the development of "breakthrough" economies and developed countries were also highlighted.Among the common features of economic development strategies of countries with breakthrough economies are the following: withdrawal of maximum benefits from the openness of the world economy; support for macroeconomic stability; support for high growth rates of savings and investment, public investment in infrastructure; giving markets the opportunity to independently manage the allocation of resources; the presence of an ideological and qualified government. The results obtained have significant practical value and can be used to improve economic development policies and reduce inequalities between countries in the world.The authors conclude thatthe pace of economic growth of the country is most often determined by the pace of its technological progress. Strengthening productive capacity can help developing countries and the least developed countries to achieve sustainable economic development, reduce poverty, reduce inequality, increase exports.

Hubungan program keluarga harapan (PKH) dengan tingkat kemiskinan di daerah tertinggal dan non tertinggal di Indonesia

Conditional cash transfer (CCT),known as the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), is a social assistance instrumentto reduce poverty in Indonesia. Therefore, this study examines the relationship of PKH in reducing the poverty rate in Indonesia andthe differences in its effects on less-developed and developed regions. This study uses panel data from 512 districts/cities in 2015-2019 with the fixed-effect model (FEM) estimation. The results show that PKH has a negative and significant relationship to the poverty rate in Indonesia, both in less-developed and developed regions, where its effect in reducing poverty rates is smaller in less-developed regions than in developed regions. It can happen because conditions in less-developed regions generally have a higher poverty gap, difficult regional accessibility, fairly high exclusion and inclusion error factors, and relatively limited basic education facilities compared to developed regions.