Factor Model Of Personality Research Articles

Drinking patterns of post-deployment Veterans: The role of personality, negative urgency, and posttraumatic stress

ABSTRACT Rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol misuse are known to be high among postdeployment Veterans. Previous research has found that personality factors may be relevant predictors of postdeployment drinking, yet results have been inconsistent and may be influenced by the selection of drinking outcome. This study aimed to examine relations among PTSD, negative urgency, and the five factor models of personality with multiple alcohol consumption patterns, including maximum drinks in a day, number of binge drinking episodes, at-risk drinking, and average weekly drinks in a sample of 397 Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn Veterans. The pattern of results suggested that the association among personality, PTSD, and drinking may depend on which drinking outcome is selected. For example, maximum drinks in a day was significantly associated with younger age, male gender, low agreeableness, and an interaction between negative urgency and PTSD, whereas number of binge drinking days was significantly associated with younger age, extraversion, low agreeableness, and negative urgency. This study highlights the heterogeneity of drinking patterns among Veterans and the need for careful consideration and transparency of outcomes selection in alcohol research.

Smiley guests post long reviews!

The inclusion of a photo in users’ profile provides information about them and shows a higher sense of self-expression and potential engagement. On peer-to-peer rental platforms, profile images may be useful for hosts and guests to infer individual characteristics and expectations. We try to fill a gap in the literature by inferring guests’ posting behavior through their profile image. Using Airbnb data and deep learning techniques, our empirical analysis reveals that guests who upload profile images—especially profile images displaying happy emotions—are more involved in posting long reviews. As theoretical implications, these results add knowledge to the application of the Five Factor Model of Personality, deep learning, image recognition, and emotion recognition in hospitality. As managerial implications, the prediction of posting behavior through the mining of visual information can be a relevant tool in the age of big data. • Guests with a profile image tend to post long reviews. • Guests using images with human photos tend to write long reviews. • Guests with profile images displaying happy emotions post long reviews.

321 Subjective Sleep and NEO Five Factor Personality Domains in Individuals with Primary Insomnia Compared to Good Sleeper Controls

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in adults. Primary Insomnia (PI) can be specified in cases where the insomnia symptoms cannot be overtly attributed to medical, psychiatric, or environmental reasons. Although the underlying predisposing causes of insomnia are unclear, one possible contributing factor may be personality traits. To date no consensus on the relationship between insomnia and personality has been determined, although many studies have found a general association with neuroticism. To better explore these associations, this study compared NEO Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits with measures of subjective sleep in PIs and Good Sleeper (GS) controls. Methods Nine PI and nine GS matched for age, sex, and education were studied. Each participant was administered the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and NEO FFM. Participants also completed a sleep diary for 1-week. ANOVAs compared PI vs GS on ISI, PSQI, NEO FFM, and 7-day averaged data from the sleep diary. Lastly, sleep variables were collapsed across groups and Pearson correlations were run to explore the relationship between sleep and personality. Results PIs (4M/5F, age=39.6+/-10.1, education=16.0+/-1.7) and GSs (4M/5F, age=38.6+/-7, education=15.1+/-1.5) showed significant differences in ISI (p<.001) and PSQI (p<.001) total scores. Additionally, the groups differed on diary measures of total sleep (p=.001), sleep efficiency (SE: p<.001), sleep latency (p=.005), and wake after sleep onset (p<.001). On the NEO FFM only the Agreeableness domain was found to differentiate the two groups (p=.004). Pearson correlations found significant negative relationships for Agreeableness with ISI (r= -.625/p=.006), PSQI (r= -.611/p=.007), and a significant positive relationship with SE from the sleep diary (r=.602/p=.008). Conclusion In a small but well-matched study of PI and GS, significant differences in Agreeableness on the NEO FFM were observed. Lower levels of agreeableness were associated with poorer sleep on the ISI and PSQI, and lower SE on the sleep diaries. Unlike other published reports this study did not find a relationship between insomnia and neuroticism, which may reflect the use of a well-screened Primary Insomnia sample with limited comorbidities. Future research should determine if other insomnia subtypes (e.g., psychophysiological, paradoxical insomnia) are associated with different personality profiles. Support (if any):

Technical comment on Sutin, A.R., Aschwanden, D., Stephan, Y & Terracciano, A. (2020). Five factor model personality traits and subjective cognitive failures. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109741

This paper offers a technical commentary on the study of Sutin, Aschwanden, Stephan and Terracciano (2020), which used the Five Factor Model of personality to investigate subjective cognitive failures. The study seems to confirm earlier work in the area and also produces some surprising results. However, these results and conclusions may be spurious due to methodological issues, principally the apparent collinearity of both the independent and dependent variables.

Do voices carry valid information about a speaker’s personality?

Research on links between peoples’ personality traits and their voices has primarily focused on other peoples’ personality judgments about a target person based on a target person’s vocal characteristics, particularly voice pitch. However, it remains unclear whether individual differences in voices are linked to actual individual differences in personality traits, and thus whether vocal characteristics are indeed valid cues to personality. Here, we investigate how the personality traits of the Five Factor Model of Personality, sociosexuality, and dominance are related to measured fundamental frequency (voice pitch) and formant frequencies (formant position). For this purpose, we conducted a secondary data analysis of a large sample (2217 participants) from eleven different, independent datasets with a Bayesian approach. Results suggest substantial negative relationships between voice pitch and self-reported sociosexuality, dominance and extraversion in men and women. Thus, personality might at least partly be expressed in people’s voice pitch. Evidence for an association between formant frequencies and self-reported personality traits is not compelling but remains uncertain. We discuss potential underlying biological mechanisms of our effects and suggest a number of implications for future research.

Personality and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adult patients

ObjectiveAntiretroviral therapy (ART) has been able to transform HIV infection into a chronic disease. However, ART adherence remains an important barrier and personality traits have been postulated as a factor to be considered. This study aims to identify personality traits that can affect ART adherence, taking into account other potentially influencing factors. MethodsCase-control study. Controls and cases were classified using the percentage ART dispensation as recorded in the Hospital Pharmacy database. Controls were defined as people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with percentage ART dispensation during the last year >95% and cases were defined as PLWHA with percentage ART dispensation during the last year <90%. Sociodemographic, clinical parameters of HIV infection, psychopathological and neuropsychological factors were collected. Personality was assessed using the NEO PI-R Personality Inventory, questionnaire based on the Five Factor Model of Personality. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression (SPSS v.22). Results125 PLWHA were included: 79 controls and 46 cases. After adjusting for confounding variables, logistic regression analysis showed that poor adherence was associated with Neuroticism (OR 1.2, 95%CI: 1.021–1.385) and Impulsivity (N5) (OR 1.5, 95%CI: 1.066–2.163). In contrast, each additional point in Order (C2) (OR 0.8, 95%CI: 0.679–0.992) or Values (O6) (OR 0.8, 95%CI: 0.710–0.974) were associated with good ART adherence. ConclusionsPersonality is a variable to be considered in ART adherence. Implementation of the personality in the assessment of PLWHA helps identify those individuals potentially more likely to exhibit poorer ART adherence.

The Impact of Personality and Lifestyle Change on Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity for quantifying the impact of Five Factor Model personality domains (i.e. neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and COVID-related lifestyle changes on psychological distress. To examine these relationships, we designed and preregistered the present study (https://osf.io/qfw9h). We assessed a large, heterogeneous sample including undergraduates, graduate students, faculty, and staff of a large, public, Midwestern university (n = 1055) to ascertain whether personality domains uniquely predicted distress in response to COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders. This was a three-panel study in which the same potential participant pools were invited to participate at each survey announcement. Data collection occurred between early March through late May 2020, from within days of local shelter-in-place order onset to within days of reaching 100,000 COVID-related deaths in the USA. Domain and distress scores were determined from self-reported ratings on the Big Five Inventory and the 21-Item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, respectively. Participants also reported personal experiences with six COVID-specific lifestyle impacts: insufficient outdoor or indoor living space, job insecurity, income insecurity, or taking care of or homeschooling school-aged children during working hours. Zero-order correlations revealed that all personality domains except openness had statistically significant correlations with distress, and all correlations were negative except for that of neuroticism. When entered simultaneously, neuroticism was the predominant risk factor of distress that held across all preregistered and exploratory analyses. Our expectation that extraversion would be negatively associated with distress was not supported broadly, while agreeableness was a unique potential risk factor (though this effect was mostly limited to exploratory analyses). The results especially highlight the link between employment and income uncertainty with psychological distress, while also identifying insufficient indoor and outdoor space as potential risk factors. We hope these findings inform future public health action and further emphasize the utility of personality trait models in general.

Medical Student Personality Traits and Clinical Grades in the Internal Medicine Clerkship.

Third year clerkship grades include subjective evaluations. The purpose of this study is to identify if personality traits and self-esteem predispose students to better clerkship performance. Third-year medical students completed the OCEAN Five Factor Model Personality Test and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Clerkship grades were matched to survey results. Chi-squared and linear regression analyses assessed the correlation between students' clerkship grades, personality traits, and self-esteem. There was no association between OCEAN personality domains and any component of clerkship grade. In secondary post hoc analysis, students who are "deep thinking" (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.26-7.01, p = 0.01), "sophisticated" (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.12-6.50, p = 0.03), and "outgoing" (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.02-5.89, p = 0.04) were significantly more likely to get an overall clerkship grade of Honors. "Deep thinking" (OR 3.44, 95% CI1.47-8.04, p = 0.004) and "efficient" (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.12-7.36, p = 0.03) students scored better on shelf exams, while "shy" students scored worse (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13-0.69, p = 0.004); "aloof" students received worse clinical scores (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.37-0.89, p = 0.03), and "rude" (OR 5.08, 95% CI 1.03-24.94, p = 0.03) and "sophisticated" (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.02-6.00, p = 0.04) students received higher preceptor scores. There was no correlation between self-esteem and clerkship grades. Students with certain personality traits may be predisposed to success during clerkships. Medical educators should be cognizant of biases favoring certain personalities and help students maximize success by recognizing their strengths and identifying gaps.

Personality inventory for DSM-5 brief form(PID-5-BF) in Chinese students and patients: evaluating the five-factor model and a culturally informed six-factor model

BackgroundThe Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF) is a 25-item measuring tool evaluating maladaptive personality traits for the diagnosis of personality disorders(PDs). As a promising scale, its impressive psychometric properties have been verified in some countries, however, there have been no studies about the utility of the PID-5-BF in Chinese settings. The current study aimed to explore the maladaptive personality factor model which was culturally adapted to China and to examine psychometric properties of the PID-5-BF among Chinese undergraduate students and clinical patients.MethodsSeven thousand one hundred fifty-five undergraduate students and 451 clinical patients completed the Chinese version of the PID-5-BF. Two hundered twenty-eight students were chosen randomly for test-retest reliability at a 4-week interval. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to discover the most suitable factor structure in China, measurement invariance(MI), internal consistency, and external validity were also calculated.ResultsThe theoretical five-factor model was acceptable, but the exploratory six-factor model was more applicable in both samples (Undergraduate sample: CFI = 0.905, TLI = 0.888, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.039; Clinical sample: CFI = 0.904, TLI = 0.886, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.060). In the Chinese six-factor model, the Negative Affect domain was divided into two factors and the new factor was named “Interpersonal Relationships”, which was in line with the Big-Six Personality model in Chinese. Measurement invariance across non-clinical and clinical sample was established (configural, weak, strong MI, and partial strict MI). Aside from acceptable internal consistency (Undergraduate sample: alpha = 0.84, MIC = 0.21; Clinical sample: alpha = 0.86, MIC = 0.19) and test-retest reliability(0.73), the correlation between the 25-item PID-5-BF and the 220-item PID-5 was significant(p < 0.01). The six PDs measured by Personality diagnostic questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) were associated with and predicted by expected domains of PID-5-BF.ConclusionsBoth the theoretical five-factor model and the exploratory six-factor model of the PID-5-BF were acceptable to the Chinese population. The five-factor model could allow for comparison and integration with other work on the original theoretical model. However, the Chinese six-factor structure may be more culturally informed in East Asian settings. In sum, the PID-5-BF is a convenient and useful screening tool for personality disorders.

Further inflaming the discussion or cooling down feelings? A network analysis of the Dark Triad and the Five Factor Model of personality

The present study aims to shed light onto the nomological network of the Dark Triad (DT) and the Five Factor Model (FFM) by investigating their facet levels using network analysis. Firstly, the networks of the DT and the FFM facets were analyzed separately and secondly, their combined network was considered in order to observe changes. 491 participants filled out several established measures to assess the constructs at facet level. Each model was analyzed regarding node strength, closeness and betweenness. Central-stability coefficients and bootstrapped difference tests were performed on these centrality indices. Our main findings indicate that interpersonal manipulation (psychopathy) is central in the DT network, while erratic lifestyle and callous affect (both psychopathy) are the most important DT facets in a combined network with FFM facets. The FFM network seems to change only slightly when the DT facets are added and DT facets cluster according to their domains.

Dispositional individual differences in cognitive effort investment: establishing the core construct

BackgroundIndividuals tend to avoid effortful tasks, regardless of whether they are physical or mental in nature. Recent experimental evidence is suggestive of individual differences in the dispositional willingness to invest cognitive effort in goal-directed behavior. The traits need for cognition (NFC) and self-control are related to behavioral measures of cognitive effort discounting and demand avoidance, respectively. Given that these traits are only moderately related, the question arises whether they reflect a common core factor underlying cognitive effort investment. If so, the common core of both traits might be related to behavioral measures of effort discounting in a more systematic fashion. To address this question, we aimed at specifying a core construct of cognitive effort investment that reflects dispositional differences in the willingness and tendency to exert effortful control.MethodsWe conducted two studies (N = 613 and N = 244) with questionnaires related to cognitive motivation and effort investment including assessment of NFC, intellect, self-control and effortful control. We first calculated Pearson correlations followed by two mediation models regarding intellect and its separate aspects, seek and conquer, as mediators. Next, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis of a hierarchical model of cognitive effort investment as second-order latent variable. First-order latent variables were cognitive motivation reflecting NFC and intellect, and effortful self-control reflecting self-control and effortful control. Finally, we calculated Pearson correlations between factor scores of the latent variables and general self-efficacy as well as traits of the Five Factor Model of Personality for validation purposes.ResultsOur findings support the hypothesized correlations between the assessed traits, where the relationship of NFC and self-control is specifically mediated via goal-directedness. We established and replicated a hierarchical factor model of cognitive motivation and effortful self-control that explains the shared variance of the first-order factors by a second-order factor of cognitive effort investment.ConclusionsTaken together, our results integrate disparate literatures on cognitive motivation and self-control and provide a basis for further experimental research on the role of dispositional individual differences in goal-directed behavior and cost–benefit-models.

The Association Between Five Factor Model Personality Traits and Verbal and Numeric Reasoning

ABSTRACT Five-factor model (FFM) personality traits are related to basic cognitive functions and risk of cognitive impairment in late life. The present study addresses whether FFM traits are also associated with a more complex cognitive function, reasoning, across adulthood. We used seven samples to examine the relation between personality and verbal (total N= 39,177) and numeric (total N= 76,388) reasoning. A meta-analysis indicated higher Neuroticism was associated modestly with worse performance on verbal and numeric reasoning tasks. Openness was associated with better verbal reasoning and was unrelated to numeric reasoning. Surprisingly, Extraversion was associated modestly with worse performance in both domains, and Conscientiousness was essentially unrelated to reasoning. Agreeableness was unrelated to reasoning. There was significant heterogeneity across the samples but only limited evidence for moderation by age or sex. Consistent with other cognitive domains, the results suggested that Neuroticism is related to worse performance globally, whereas Openness tends to be associated with better verbal abilities. Among the unexpected findings was the better reasoning of introverts. The pattern also suggests that the common positive association between Conscientiousness and cognition does not extend to reasoning and suggests that Conscientiousness may support healthier cognitive aging through basic cognitive functions rather than through complex functions like reasoning.

Building Resilience: An Intervention to Enrich Positive Outcome in Personality Traits amongst Students

The universal call for education in the 21st century gears towards cultivating personal traits of students who are resilient in navigating through life successfully. Thus, resilience building must be initiated in the learning institutions across the country for a better world. Resilience building enriches the personality traits and creates a wholesome individual who can in turn create a better world to be in. This study explored the impact of resilience building on academic performance and development of the personality traits in the young minds of Khasdrapchu MSS, Thimphu, based on five factor model of personality. The sample students were selected using need assessment and screening tools. The vulnerable students were prioritized to be intervened with resilience building program. 37 students from classes VII to X were selected employing purposive sampling technique. The methodology incorporated was quantitative approach. The research design chosen was pretest and post-test. In addition to a structured, self-administered questionnaire, the mid-term and annual examination results were included. Descriptive analysis was carried out to describe and summarize the raw data. Statistical techniques such as mean and standard deviation were used to infer correlation amongst the variables in the study. The inferential statistics results indicated that there was a positive correlation between resilience building and personality traits. This was supported by an increase in mean and standard deviation in the posttest after the intervention was provided. The academic performance of the students heightened after the intervention. It can be concluded that building resilience in students have positive outcomes on their personality traits and as well on their academic performance. Thus, the learning institutions must consider resilience building programs as interventions to help young people navigate through life well.

ВПЛИВ ОСОБИСТІСНОГО ЧИННИКА НА УХВАЛЕННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОПОЛІТИЧНИХ РІШЕНЬ В АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА США В. КЛІНТОНА

The article is dedicated to the research of "personal factor" influence on the foreign policy decision-making during the President W. Clinton two administrations. The essence of "personal factor" is synthesized within the Five Factor Model of personality designated by American psychologists R. McCrae and P. Costa-jr. with additional help of psychobiographical investigations on the President W. Clinton, his leadership style, management capacities and personal skills, produced by American political psychologists and psychoanalysis experts such as J. Gartner, J. Post, S. Renshon, M. Hermann, W. Weintraub, D. Winter and others. The main dimension of W. Clinton personality – "openness to experience" strengthened by high scores in "extraversion" directly reflected in the kind of foreign policy decisions his presidential administrations made. It was quite evident during the Northern Ireland problem negotiations, the appeasement of Balkan states with diplomacy backed by force, and promoting efforts for the Israeli – Palestinian dialog. Those international issues were too complicated to deal with and President W. Clinton was trying hard to find specific approach for breakthrough. He was eager to study all the available information, go detail after detail to understand the case better, take into account his staff ideas and proposals calculating eventual risks and analyzing perspectives of possible moves, so that the U.S. foreign course was optimal and effective. The President was flexible in his point of view and could change it according to the new developments or under the influence of his closest advisors, and he also could take risks in order to get things done his way. As an achievement-motivated person, in relations with foreign leaders W. Clinton used his diplomatic talents, almost unique intellectual capacity and absolute awareness of the matters he dealt with, self-confidence and ability to convince. With such personal traits he managed to become the first foreign leader who had won a compromise among British and Irish authorities and Northern Ireland representatives (Good Friday Agreement of 1998). He made the USA an arbiter of international conflicts having stopped bloodshed and restoring peace in Balkans as well as persistently promoting peace process in the Middle East (Wye River Memorandum of 1998).

대학생의 성격 5요인이 전공만족과 편입의도에 미치는 영향: 잠재프로파일분석(LPA)을 중심으로

본 연구는 사람중심 접근법을 기반으로 성격유형 중 Big 5에 해당하는 프로파일 유형을 잠재프로파일분석(LPA)을 통해 탐색하고, 탐색된 학생 성격프로파일 유형의 양적 및 질적 특징, 성격 프로파일별 편입의도와 전공만족도의 영향관계를 파악하고자 한다. 본 연구는 SPSS 25를 활용하여 성격 5요인(외향성, 친화성, 성실성, 신경과민성, 개방성)에 대한 변수 간의 상관관계분석 및 항목별 신뢰도 분석을 실행하였다. 성격 프로파일 유형 분석은 Mplus 7.31을 활용하여 잠재프로파일분석을 실행하였고, 도출된 대학생들의 성격 프로파일 유형 집단 간의 편입의도 및 전공만족도의 연관성을 분석하기 위해 BCH 방법을 적용한 보조 접근법(auxiliary approach)을 활용하였다. 성격 5요인의 잠재프로파일분석 결과, 프로파일 1(내적개방형), 프로파일 2(안정추구형), 프로파일3(내적혼돈형), 프로파일 4(자기주도형)의 4개의 성격프로파일 유형이 도출되었다. 이 중 프로파일 3(내적혼동형) 그룹에 속한 대학생들이 편입의도가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 전공만족도는 프로파일 4(자기주도형) 그룹에 속한 대학생들이 높게 나타났다. 지금까지의 대다수의 성격 연구는 변수중심접근법에 기초하였으나, 본 연구는 사람중심접근법에 기초하여 LPA를 이용한 프로파일 연구를 통해 성격관련 연구의 방법론적 사고 전환의 계기를 제공하였다.

Associations Between the Five Factor Model of Personality and Dementia-Related Anxiety

The Five Factor Model (FFM) of normative personality is predictive of long-term outcomes, including well-being and anxiety. For example, people with anxiety disorders often report high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness (Kotov et al., 2010). Dementia-related anxiety (DRA) is concern about developing dementia that can occur in individuals of any age and cognitive status (Kessler et al., 2012). This study assessed associations between the FFM and DRA and the extent to which other factors, such as demographics and variables related to DRA (i.e., external locus of control and lacking knowledge of dementia), contributed to relationships. Participants (N = 664; aged 18 to 81; M = 30.24) completed measures of the FFM, DRA, locus of control, and dementia knowledge. Hierarchical regression (block 1: basic demographics, block 2: DRA-related variables, and block 3: FFM) was computed. The set of predictors explained 17.9% of the variance in DRA, F(14, 623) = 9.69, p < 001. Being older, partnered, low on Conscientiousness and Openness, and having greater external locus of control and less dementia knowledge predicted higher DRA (p-values < .05). Surprisingly, Neuroticism was not predictive of DRA after controlling for demographic and DRA-related factors, indicating that the trait-like tendency towards emotional instability does not explain DRA. Longitudinal research can explore the course of relationships among Conscientiousness, Openness, and DRA over time to further examine significant effects of age, as expressions of personality change across the lifespan. Research targeting potentially modifiable factors (i.e., dementia knowledge) could help identify methods of reducing DRA.

The relative importance of targets' neuroticism facets in relation to their perceptions of workplace mistreatment.

Despite evidence that indicates neuroticism is the strongest Five Factor Model personality correlate of perceived workplace mistreatment, there is a paucity of research on the relationship between neuroticism facets and mistreatment, particularly, the relative importance of these facets. Clarity in this regard could aid our understanding as to why neuroticism is related to mistreatment and thus guide theory building, in addition to increasing the utility of personality measures and organizational interventions. Data from a sample of 307 employees were used to conduct an exploratory relative weights analysis of the six neuroticism facets on two forms of mistreatment. Results indicated that the facets of depression, anxiety and anger consistently explained significant proportions of the variance in both group-based and non-group-based mistreatment whereas self-consciousness, immoderation and vulnerability did not. Implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

The location of coping strategies within the Alternative Five Factor Model of personality

This study aimed to determine which personality dimension(s) as measured by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire best explain a given coping strategy as measured by the COPE-48. Additionally, to clarify the location of these strategies in the broader framework of personality structure. Neuroticism-Anxiety contributed mostly to strategies focused on emotions, acceptance and denial, Activity to proactive and resolute strategies, and Sociability to obtaining emotional support and advice. Moreover, Impulsive Sensation-Seeking contributed to denial and substance use while Aggression-Hostility to focus on and venting of emotions, and inversely to restrain coping. Besides, we replicated the approach-avoidance axis and obtained an independent component grouping Religion and the inverse of Drugs, Humor and Impulsive Sensation-Seeking. Positioning coping strategies within the well-known, broader and multidimensional space of personality structure may help in a better understanding of its organization and a rethinking of its conceptualization including their underlying neurobiological basis, ultimate evolutionary nature and survival functions.

Quantifying the Predictive Role of Temperament Dimensions and Attachment Styles on the Five Factor Model of Personality.

Background: The present study investigated the role of temperament and attachment security in predicting individual differences in the five factor personality traits among adults. As previous studies suggested the potential moderating role of attachment in the association between temperament and personality traits, the present study sought to examine an interactionist model combining attachment and temperament in explaining individual differences in personality traits. Methods: A sample of 1871 participants (1151 women and 719 men) completed self-report measures of adult attachment style (the Relationships Questionnaire—RQ), temperament dimension (the Fisher Temperament Inventory—FTI), and personality domain (the Five Factor Model—FFM). Results: Partial correlational analyses revealed associations between attachment security and each of the five domains of the FFM, and few associations between some temperament dimensions and several domains of the FFM. Moderated regression analyses showed that attachment security moderated the associations between temperament dimensions and the Agreeableness domain of the FFM. Among secure individuals, those with higher scores on the Curious/Energetic, Cautious/Social Norm Compliant and Prosocial/Empathetic scales exhibited higher Agreeableness scores, whereas among insecure individuals, those with higher scores on the Analytic/Tough-minded scale exhibited lower scores on the Agreeableness scale. Conclusion: Overall, the current study provides evidence in support of the substantive role of social-environmental factors (Adult Attachment) as a moderating element bridging temperament-related personality elements and a number of their FFM manifestations.

A Review of Literature in Applied Five Factor Model of Personality among Staff at Workplace

Staff feeling and performance at the workplace and obtaining a high level of outcomes drive from various factors; in truth, the human being is complicated and there are numerous internal and external factors that have an impact on it. Personality determined as one of these main internal factors that introduced individuals at their personal and social life; furthermore, recognizing its deep definition and effect on the approach and accomplishment of staff stays valuable and essential. Personality consists of five main factors: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness that each person based on these factors illustrates dissimilar behavior and response. Additionally, the person introduced or well-known via these factors. Incidentally, the present literature review surveys five personality factors amongst staff in the context of the five-factor model and analyzes staff performance and behavior at the workplace. Overall, the study emphasized the role of managers, leaders, supervisors, etc. at the workplace to identify and evaluate staff personality, because by recognizing staff personality managers can offer a suitable solution to coping and solving any type of conflict or issue.