Factor In Esophageal Cancer Research Articles

Expression of MMP9, SERPINE1 and miR-134 as prognostic factors in esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignant tumor with a typically poor prognosis for patients. It is well known that certain microRNA (miRNA/miR) genes can regulate other genes responsible for carcinogenesis. In the present study, a group of these genes (miR-21, miR-134, miR-205 and miR-495) and genes connected with cancer-related pathways (MET, MMP9, PDGFA and SERPINE1) were chosen for analysis in order to find a potential correlation between their expression and the clinicopathological factors of EC. Esophageal tumors and adjacent non-cancerous tissue specimens were collected from a total of 63 patients and embedded in paraffin. Commercial arrays were used on KYSE-30, KYSE-150 and KYSE-270 EC cell lines in order to find genes of different expression profiles compared with those acquired from the control Het-1A cell line. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples in order to analyze the expression of the genes chosen in the earlier step. The results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Kaplan-Meier methods and the long-rank test. Only miR-495 was not expressed in the analyzed samples. The expression of MMP9 and SERPINE1 was significantly coefficient with age range (P=0.011 and P=0.044, respectively) according to the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Spearman's rank-order correlation measurement showed that there was a coefficient correlation between age and miR-134 expression. The same measurement demonstrated a correlation between age range and MMP9 expression. The expression of miR-134 and MMP9 were also found to be correlated. In all cases, a value of P<0.049 was recorded. Overall, the present study demonstrated that MMP9, SERPINE1 and miR-134 were the most prognostic genes in Caucasian patients with EC.

Novel BRCA2-Interacting Protein, LIMD1, Is Essential for the Centrosome Localization of BRCA2 in Esophageal Cancer Cell.

Mutation of breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) has been identified as a vital risk factor for esophageal cancer (EC). To date, several proteins have been reported as BRCA2-interacting proteins and are associated with multiple biological processes. This study’s aim was to identify a novel interactive protein of BRCA2 and to explore its functional roles in EC. A yeast two-hybrid screening was performed to identify a novel BRCA2-interacting protein. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down analysis was performed to find out how the binding domain of BRCA2 interacts with LIM domains containing 1 (LIMD1). The interaction between LIMD1 and BRCA2 at the endogenous level was confirmed by using coimmunoprecipitation and immunobloting. Furthermore, two different sequences of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against LIMD1 were transfected into the human EC cell line ECA109. Afterward, the effects of LIMD1 suppression on the centrosome localization of BRCA2 and cell division were analyzed using an immunofluorescence microscope. Results showed that LIMD1 was a novel BRCA2-interacting protein, and LIMD1 interacted with the conserved region of BRCA2 (amino acids 2,750–3,094) in vitro. Importantly, after interfering with the protein expression of LIMD1 in ECA109 cells, the centrosome localization of BRCA2 was significantly abolished and abnormal cell division was significantly increased. These results suggested that LIMD1 is a novel BRCA2-interacting protein and is involved in the centrosome localization of BRCA2 and suppression of LIMD1, causing abnormal cell division in EC cells.

Abstract 3133: Glypican-1 is a potential marker of prognosis and involved in chemoresistance of cisplatin in esophageal squamous cell cancer

Abstract [Introduction]Despite recent improvements in multi-treatment approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for patients with Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) remains unsatisfactory. In addition, predicting a prognosis and treatment response for ESCC had been constantly being required but remains difficult, even when using the TNM system. We identified Glypican-1(GPC1) as a novel disease specific antigen of ESCC by quantitative proteomic analysis focused on cell surface membrane proteins. GPC1 is one of the cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans which has been reported as a prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. [Objectives]This study aimed to clarify correlations between GPC1 expression and the prognosis in patient with ESCC and also reveal the association of GPC1 with the drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in squamous cancer cell lines and esophageal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. [Methods]ESCC tissues were obtained from 175 patients who underwent esophagectomy at Osaka University Hospital(Osaka, Japan), from 2001 to 2013 and were subjected to immunohistochemistry. We performed immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment using anti-GPC1 antibody and investigated the association between GPC1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters. We divided the patients into two groups such as high expression group (HG) and low expression group (LG). Furthermore, we investigated associations between GPC1 expression and clinical response of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with ESCC. We established GPC1 knocked out cells of TE-14 using Crisper-Cas9 system and stable GPC1-transfected cells of LK-2(Lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line) using pcDNA3.1-GPC1 plasmid transfection. To investigate the relationship between GPC1 expression and sensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP), we examined sensitivity to CDDP by the WST-8 assay. [Results]The patients characteristics as follows, age (median) = 64yrs(39-80), gender (Male: Female) = 155:20. By the IHC analysis, 99 patients were classified into HG and 76 were LG. HG patients exhibited a poorer prognosis compared with the LG patients. (p&amp;lt;0.001) In multivariate analyses pT, pN, and GPC1 high expression were became significant prognostic factors (p&amp;lt;0.01). We clarified there was a significant negative correlation between histological responses and GPC1 expression in patient with neoadjuvant chemo therapy. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that the IC50 values for CDDP of GPC1 expressing cells (TE-14 and GPC1 transfected LK-2) were significantly higher than that of GPC1 no-expressing cells (GPC1 knocked out TE-14 and LK-2). [Conclusion]Our study showed that GPC1 was an independent prognostic factor in esophageal cancer. Furthermore, we showed that GPC1 was a critical molecule for chemoresistance to cisplatin. Citation Format: Takahiko Nishigaki, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Satishi Serada, Minoru Fujimoto, Hisashi Hara, Yasuhiro Miyazaki, Tomoki Makino, Yukinori Kurokawa, Makoto Yamasaki, Kiyokazu Nakajima, Shuji Takiguchi, Masaki Mori, Yuichiro Doki, Tetsuji Naka. Glypican-1 is a potential marker of prognosis and involved in chemoresistance of cisplatin in esophageal squamous cell cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3133.

Characteristics of local immunity factors in esophageal cancer with varying degrees of differentiation.

e15518Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate parameters of the local immunity in patients with esophageal cancer with varying degrees of differentiation. Methods: Tissues of tumor and...

Lymphovascular invasion of tumor cells in lymph node metastases has a negative impact on survival in esophageal cancer

Lymph node metastases constitute a strong prognostic factor in esophageal cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and relevance of further spread of tumor cells from these already established metastatic sites have not been studied in this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) of tumor cells and lymphatic microvessel density in lymph node metastases in a large cohort of patients with node-positive esophageal cancer. A total of 120 patients with node-positive esophageal cancer (67 adenocarcinomas, 53 squamous cell carcinomas) and radical esophagectomy were analyzed for LVI and lymphatic microvessel density in primary tumors and lymph node metastases using D2-40 immunostaining. In 18 patients, additional tissue from distant metastases was available. LVI was present in 52.1% (62/119) of primary tumors, 52.5% (63/120) of lymph nodes, and 22.2% (4/18) of distant metastases. LVI in primary tumors strongly correlated with LVI in lymph node metastases (P<.05), regardless of histologic subtype. In univariate analysis, LVI in lymph node metastases was associated with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival in all tumors and in adenocarcinomas, and with shorter disease-free survival in squamous cell carcinomas (P<.05, log-rank test). Multivariable analysis revealed LVI in lymph node metastases as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival in the whole cohort and for disease-free and overall survival in patients with adenocarcinomas (P<.05, Cox regression). LVI in lymph node metastasis is a significant prognostic factor in metastatic esophageal carcinoma and seems to play a relevant role in disease progression.

PO-0706: Supraclavicular lymphnode disease is not an independent prognostic factor in esophageal cancer

PO-0706: Supraclavicular lymphnode disease is not an independent prognostic factor in esophageal cancer

Value of nutritional risk screening-2002 in evaluating nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy

Objective To apply Nutritional Risk Screening-2002(NRS-2002) to perform primary screening for nutritional risk in patients with esophageal cancer who undergo radiotherapy, and assess their nutritional status, and to investigate the value of NRS-2002 in such patients. Methods A total of 97 patients who were diagnosed with esophageal cancer and underwent radiotherapy in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to April 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze the difference in survival, and the chi-square test and the Pearson correlation analysis were applied to analyze the correlation between NRS-2002 score and blood parameters. Results Of all patients, 26.8% had nutritional risk before radiotherapy, which gradually increased with the progress of radiotherapy. The 1-year overall survival rates of the patients with NRS-2002 scores of ≤3 and ≥4 on admission were 91.1% and 61.9%, respectively (P=0.010). As for the patients with the highest NRS-2002 scores of ≤2 and ≥3 during treatment, the 1-year overall survival rates were 94.2% and 77.5%, respectively (P=0.012). As for the patients with the lowest NRS-2002 scores of ≤3 and ≥4 during treatment, the 1-year overall survival rates were 91.3% and 54.5%, respectively (P=0.018). The NRS-2002 score was correlated with prealbumin on admission and at week 1 of radiotherapy (P=0.000 and 0.002), and the NRS-2002 score was correlated with albumin at week 3 of radiotherapy (P=0.036). The multivariate analysis showed that the TNM stage of esophageal cancer and the highest NRS-2002 score during treatment were the independent prognostic factors in esophageal cancer (P=0.001 and 0.005). Conclusions The patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy have high nutritional risk, and NRS-2002 score is the independent prognostic factor in these patients and can be used as a tool for primary screening for nutritional risk. Key words: Nutritional risk screening; Esophageal neoplasms/radiotherapy; Blood nutrition maker; Prognosis

Abstract 102: KDM5B plays a central role in esophageal cancer progression

Abstract Esophageal cancer is consists of highly heterogeneous populations, which include cancer initiating cells, so-called cancer stem cells. Although histone modification is shown to be an essential factor for normal stem cell maintenance, the involvement of histone demethylase in cancer progression has been poorly understood. We investigated the functional roles of the Histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase KDM5B, a crucial epigenetic regulator that is required for normal embryonic development and cell growth. KDM5B knockdown resulted in the suppression of esophageal cancer cell growth, sphere formation and invasion ability and was associated with loss of epithelial cell marker expression. These tumor inhibitory effects were reverted subsequent to subcutaneous inoculation of these cells into immune-deficient mice. These results indicated that KDM5B plays an important role in maintaining cancer stem cells and justifies the rationale for studying the effects of continuous inhibition of this epigenetic factor in esophageal cancer. Citation Format: Naohiro Nishida, Yoshihiro Kano, Jun Koseki, Masamitsu Konno, Koichi Kawamoto, Yuichiro Doki, Masaki Mori, Hideshi Ishii. KDM5B plays a central role in esophageal cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 102. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-102

Prognostic value of the circumferential resection margin after neoadjuvant treatment in esophageal cancer patients.

147 Background: Involvement of the circumferential margin (CRM) is an important factor in esophageal cancer (EC) patients. CRM definitions are commonly based on the College of American Pathologists (CAP) at 0 mm and the Royal College of Pathologists (RCP) at &gt;1 mm. We evaluated which CRM definition is useful in current practice with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and whether the CRM cut-off value differs after CRT. Methods: We prospectively included 209 patients (104 with CRT) with locally advanced EC (stage II-III), who underwent radical transthoracic esophagectomy. Patients were followed for at least 2 years after surgery or until death. Patients with &lt;1 mm longitudinal resection margins were excluded. Cancer related death was scored as event and death of other causes as end of follow-up (median 27: IQR 14.0 - 42.8 months). CRMs were measured in tenths of millimetres by experienced pathologists. Pathologic proven tumor regrowth, unequivocal radiologic suspicion or obvious clinical manifestations were marked as recurrence. Prognostic factors with a P&lt;0.1 in univariate analyses were incorporated in multivariate Cox-regression analyses in which both CRM definitions were assessed separately. In an explorative analyses the CRM cut-off values in the surgery-only and CRT group for 2-year disease free survival (DFS) was assessed using CRM between 0-1.5 mm in the Cox-regression model. Results: Independent prognostic factors for 2-year DFS (P&lt;0.05) in the study group were: tumor length (&gt;5cm), &gt;0.2 L/N+ ratio, angioinvasion and CAP R0. In the surgery group; tumor length, &gt;4 N+, angioinvasion and CAP R0 were independent prognostic factors (P &lt;0.05). In the CRT group only pN stage (P&lt;0.01) was independent prognostic for 2-year DFS. The CRM cut-off value was significant at 0.2-0.3 mm for the surgery and CRT group, respectively. Conclusions: The CAP value was only independent prognostic for 2-year DFS in the surgery group. The CRM cut-off value was significant at 0.2 and 0.3 mm in the surgery and CRT group, respectively.

Single-center early experience of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for evaluation of high-grade dysplasia or early cancer in Barrett's esophagus.

56 Background: Barrett’s esophagus is a well-known risk factor for esophageal cancer. Surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and procedures like endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and radio frequency ablation (RFA) are adopted to mitigate risk of evolution to high grade dysplasia and cancer. Newer imaging modalities are expected to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide management. Here we describe our early experience with optical coherence tomography (OCT) which is an near infra-red light imaging technique for diagnosing high grade dysplasia and early stage cancer in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Methods: Patients who underwent EGD and diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus and endoscopic features worrisome for high grade dysplasia or early cancer were selected for the procedure. Patients underwent OCT for further characterizations of these lesions. Clinical and endoscopic findings, imaging studies and OCT findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: 5 patients were studied in this early series and details are tabulated below. (OCT images will accompany final presentation.) Conclusions: Early detection of high grade lesions and early cancer with image directed therapy in Barrett’s esophagus may positively impact survival. Our early experience suggests OCT is helpful in detecting cryptic dysplastic changes, especially in the aftermath of previous ablation and can guide additional endoscopic treatment. Further studies are necessary to determine efficacy of such an approach. [Table: see text]

Expression and Splice Variant Analysis of Human TCF4 Transcription Factor in Esophageal Cancer.

Objective: The human T cell transcription factor-4 (TCF4) interacts functionally with β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, whose deregulation is involved in the tumorigenesis of various types of cancers. Recent studies showed that TCF4 mRNAs were subject to alternative splicing, which was proposed to be important in regulating transactivational properties of the corresponding protein isoforms. Here we investigated the splicing isoforms and the roles of TCF4 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods: RT-PCR and subsequent cloning and sequencing were applied to identify the splicing isoforms. Western blotting and realtime PCR were used to analyze the expression of TCF4. Knockdown of TCF4 was achieved with siRNA and stable transfection of expression vectors was performed.Results: Our results showed there were a lot of different isoforms of TCF4 mRNA both in human esophageal cancers and cell line. Further, knockdown of TCF4E isoform expression in EC109 cells inhibited the cell growth, while overexpression of TCF4M isoform did not alter its transcription activity. Moreover, sixteen potential binding proteins of TCF4 were preliminarily identified by mass spectrometry.Conclusions: Our data suggested that deregulation of TCF4 isoforms may contribute to the tumorigenesis of ESCC.

Abstract 3751: The potential role of CXCR4 in cisplatin associated resistance in esophageal carcinoma

Abstract Introduction CXC chemokine receptor 4 was found dys-regulated in many different types of human cancers and correlated with poor prognosis of tumor metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Limited data show the effect of CXCR4 on the esophageal carcinoma cells, especially with influence of chemotheraputuc reagent-cisplatin. Methods CXCR4 was detected by FACs analysis in esophageal cell lines OE19, OE21, OE33, PT1590 and LN1590. Corronsponding cisplatin resistant cells were established after selection of cisplatin treatment and further confirmed by IC50 and ERCC1. SDF-1α and AMD3100 were used as CXCR4 stimulattion or inhibition. Subcutanous model of OE19 injection in Balb/c nude mice was established and followed by treatment with cisplatin twice a week via i.p injection. Tumors were collected for the further evaluation. Results Esophageal cell line OE19, PT1590 and LN1590 have detetable amount of CXCR4+ subpopulation cells as high as 2.8%±0.9, 0.7%± 0.9 and 1.0%±0.6, respectively. OE19, PT1590 and LN1590 cisplatin resistant subline displayed increased IC50 value of 48h cisplatin treatment from 6.0±1.3 to 12.2±1.0, 1.4±0.7 to 9.1±0.7 and 1.4±0.6 to 7.2±0.6 ug/ml along with a significant overexpression of ERCC1. Interestingly only OE19 and LN1590 cisplatin resistant cell lines showed a significant enreichment of CXCR4+ cells ( 12.1%± 2.5 Vs 2.8%±0.9; 4.2%± 1.1 Vs1.0%±0.6, p&amp;lt;0.05) as compared to parental cells. Meanwhile, side population cells were also increased in those cisplatin resistant variants. There is no difference on tumor weight in control group and cisplatin treatment group in vivo. The relative expression of CXCR4 will be further evaluated by realtime PCR on mRNA level and IHC on protein level. Conclusion Overexpression of CXCR4 is significantly associated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy resistance and might be a prognostic factor in esophageal cancer. Inhibition of CXCR4 might be a strategy to address the chemoresistance of EAC cell lines. Citation Format: Yue Zhao, Yan Wang, Christiane Bruns. The potential role of CXCR4 in cisplatin associated resistance in esophageal carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3751. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3751

Results and Prognostic Factors for Esophageal Cancer Treated With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

Results and Prognostic Factors for Esophageal Cancer Treated With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in esophageal cancer: an essential step towards individualized care.

Lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor in esophageal cancer. Through improved detection of lymph node metastases, using the sentinel lymph node concept, accurate staging and more tailored therapy may be achieved. This review article outlines two principle ways in which the sentinel lymph node concept could dramatically influence current standard of care for patients with esophageal cancer. We discuss three limitations to universal acceptance of the technique, and propose next steps for increasing enthusiasm amongst physicians and surgeons including the development of a universal tracer, and improved contrast agents with novel dual-modality ‘visibility’.

Maximum standardized uptake value in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography is associated with advanced tumor factors in esophageal cancer

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET/CT) has become established in cancer imaging, and derived maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) add functional information regarding cancer, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical significance and association of tumor progression using SUVmax derived from PET/CT images in patients with ESCC. In total, 101 patients with ESCC were assessed using FDG-PET/CT and the SUVmax was then compared with the clinical backgrounds and prognoses of the patients. Endoscopic ESCC biopsy specimens were obtained in order to analyze mRNA expression relative to tumor progression. The results showed that values for SUVmax were significantly higher in patients with tumor progression factors, particularly those with lymph node metastasis. Analysis of receiver operating characteristics curves revealed an optimum SUVmax cut-off value of 10.26 for node-positive disease. Patients with SUVmax ≥10.26 had gene alterations with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and significantly worse overall survival (P=0.0012). A higher SUVmax in patients with ESCC was associated with lymph node metastasis and a poorer prognosis. Thus, the SUVmax may reflect the potential of EMT in patients with ESCC.

CD24 Gene Polymorphism - A Novel Prognostic Factor in Esophageal Cancer

The CD24 gene has been correlated with poor prognosis of various malignancies. The significance of CD24 in esophageal cancer remains unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the association between CD24 genetic polymorphism and esophageal cancer. Between June 2011 and May 2012 patients with esophageal cancer and healthy controls were prospectively enrolled and clinicopathological data were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to determine CD24 polymorphism at the coding region of CD24, which results in a substitution of the amino acid Ala by Val. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired t-test, χ²-test, and Fisher's exact test. A total of 102 patients were included, of whom 51 had esophageal cancer and the rest comprised a healthy control group. The incidence of the polymorphism variant (Val/Val) among the healthy subjects and the esophageal cancer cohort was 6% in both groups. The incidence of N3 (metastasis in 7 or more regional lymph nodes) was markedly higher in those esophageal cancer patients who carried the polymorphism variant compared with those who did not carry it (66% and 2%, respectively, p=0.007). No significant difference was found between the groups with regard to age, gender, histology type, tumor location, tumor stage, and other histological characteristics of the tumor. This CD24 polymorphism may serve as a novel prognostic marker identifying esophageal cancer patients with poor prognosis. Further studies are warranted to evaluate CD24 function and to validate its predictive potential with regard to esophageal cancer.

Jumonji/Arid1b (Jarid1b) protein modulates human esophageal cancer cell growth.

Although esophageal cancer is highly heterogeneous and the involvement of epigenetic regulation of cancer stem cells is highly suspected, the biological significance of epigenetically modified molecules that regulate different subpopulations remains to be firmly established. Using esophageal cancer cells, we investigated the functional roles of the H3K4 demethylase Jumonji/Arid1b (Jarid1b) (Kdm5b/Plu-1/Rbp2-h1), an epigenetic factor that is required for continuous cell growth in melanoma. JARID1B knockdown resulted in the suppression of esophageal cancer cell growth, sphere formation and invasion ability and was associated with loss of epithelial marker expression. However, these inhibitory effects observed on tumor formation were reverted subsequent to subcutaneous inoculation of these cells into immune-deficient mice. These results indicated that JARID1B plays a role in maintaining cancer stem cells in the esophagus and justifies the rationale for studying the effects of continuous inhibition of this epigenetic factor in esophageal cancer.

THORACIC SURGERY Intratumoral lymphatic vessel density, and intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion as predictive factors of lymph node metastasis and prognostic factors in esophageal cancer

In esophageal cancer, metastases in regional lymph nodes occur early and are a poor prognostic factor. We studied intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessel density, and intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion using D2-40 immunohistochemical staining in 74 resected esophageal cancer specimens and correlated results with patients’ clinicopathologic features and outcomes. Results were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression as well as univariate and multivariate survival analysis. The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density was significantly higher than the intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (p < 0.001). The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and intratumoral lymphatic vessel density positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, depth of tumor invasion, and residual tumor. Positive intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor size, tumor depth, stage, and residual tumor. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (p = 0.028) and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion (p = 0.036) as risk factors of lymph node metastasis. Cox regression analysis showed that intratumoral lymphatic vessel invasion and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion are independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival (p = 0.018, p = 0.021), cancer-specific survival (p = 0.016, p = 0.025), and overall survival (p = 0.017, p = 0.02). Intratumoral lymphatics and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion are predictive factors of lymph node metastasis. Intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion are independent prognostic factors in locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Kazakhs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Kazakhs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Cyclin D1 G870A Polymorphism is a Risk Factor for Esophageal Cancer Among Asians

Investigations concerning the association of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A polymorphism with esophageal cancer risk have generated conflicting results. Thus, meta-analyses were conducted. The overall data suggest that CCND1 G870A variation might have an association with increased esophageal cancer susceptibility. In subgroup analyses on ethnicity, homozygous AA alleles might elevate esophageal cancer risk among Asians but not Caucasians. In subgroup analysis on histological types, no association was found in either the adenocarcinoma or the squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. Collectively, results suggest that CCND1 G870A polymorphism might be a low-penetrant risk factor for esophageal carcinoma, particularly among Asians.