Metabolic Syndrome Factors Research Articles

Association of estimated glucose disposal rate with metabolic syndrome prevalence and mortality risks: a population-based study

BackgroundInsulin resistance (IR) is a central pathophysiological factor in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and an essential driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. The estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is a reliable marker of IR and has been associated with CVD prognosis. This study aims to examine the relationship between eGDR, MetS, and their predictive roles in clinical outcomes.MethodsData from the NHANES (2001–2018) were utilized, with a cross-sectional design applied to evaluate the association between eGDR and MetS prevalence, and a cohort design employed for mortality follow-up. Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the association between eGDR and MetS. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the link between eGDR and both all-cause and CVD mortality. To examine the non-linear associations between the eGDR, MetS, and mortality outcomes, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was applied. Additionally, the predictive performance of eGDR, and other IR indices (TyG, HOMA-IR), for mortality was assessed using the C-statistic.ResultsA robust negative association between eGDR and MetS prevalence was found, following full covariate adjustment (p < 0.001). The core findings were consistent across subgroups (all p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis indicated that in individuals with MetS, each standard deviation (SD) increment in eGDR was associated with an 11% and 18% decrement in the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. RCS analysis displayed a non-linear association between eGDR and MetS prevalence, while a linear association between eGDR and mortality. The C-statistic showed that eGDR, compared to the TyG index and HOMA-IR, significantly improved predictive power for all-cause mortality (p = 0.007).ConclusioneGDR is strongly associated with MetS and predicts all-cause and CVD mortality in individuals with MetS. Compared to TyG and HOMA-IR, eGDR offers superior predictive value for all-cause mortality, highlighting its potential as a useful tool in clinical risk assessment.

At-Home Immersive Virtual Reality Exergames to Reduce Cardiometabolic Risk Among Office Workers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

The worldwide rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases has increased the recognition of the need to identify modifiable risk factors for preventing and managing these diseases. The office worker, as a representative group of physically inactive workers, is exposed to risk factors for metabolic syndrome, which is a primary driver of noncommunicable diseases. The use of virtual reality (VR) exergames may offer a potential solution to the problem of increasing noncommunicable disease prevalence, as it can help individuals increase their physical activity levels while providing a more immersive experience. This exploratory study aims to examine the interventional efficacy of at-home immersive VR exergames on metabolic syndrome biomarkers among office workers. Additionally, it seeks to investigate the impacts of at-home immersive VR exergames on the active and sedentary behaviors of office workers. A 3-arm, single-blinded pilot randomized controlled trial will be conducted to examine the therapeutic effects of at-home immersive VR exergames. A total of 120 Chinese office workers, engaging in less than 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity, will be recruited via a convenience sampling method. The participants, who will be tested over a 12-week period, will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the VR exergame intervention group, (2) the regular physical activity control group, and (3) the nonexercise control group. Throughout the 12-week trial, three categories of variables will be collected across the three groups: clinical risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, active and sedentary behaviors, and demographics. To analyze variance among the groups, a mixed linear model will be applied to assess the efficacy of each group. Differences in metabolic syndrome clinical risk factors among all groups will be used to evaluate the effects of at-home immersive VR exergames. Changes in active and sedentary behaviors will also be used to determine the impacts of VR exergames on metabolic syndrome. The ethics committee of Guangzhou University, China, approved this study on September 25, 2024. Participant recruitment will begin in early 2025 and continue for approximately 3 months. Data will be analyzed after the 12-week trial is completed, with full results expected to be presented in early 2026. This study explores an emerging topic by applying an at-home immersive VR exergame intervention, potentially contributing to understanding the effects of an exergame program on metabolic syndrome risk among office workers. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06556784; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06556784. PRR1-10.2196/64560.

Evaluation of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in epileptic patients in Palembang, Indonesia: a hospital-based and case-control study

&amp;lt;p style=&amp;quot;font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-weight: 400;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aim&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; To examine the association between metabolic syndrome and risk factors in epileptic patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital in Palembang, Indonesia.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methods&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; A hospital-based comparative case control research was conducted from July to September 2023. A total of 102 patients in the epilepsy group and 102 in the control group participated in this study. We conducted the data collection approach in three stages: a questionnaire, anthropometric measures and biochemical analysis.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; Epilepsy patients were more likely to develop metabolic syndrome than the controls. The epilepsy group exhibited higher triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, and lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) values than the control group. The epilepsy group exhibited sedentary behaviour, while the control group had moderate to intense physical activity (p&amp;amp;lt;0.05). Epilepsy patients who take polytherapy, or several antiepileptic drugs, were 8.43 times more likely to develop metabolic syndrome (OR=8.43; 95%CI=1.45-32.12). Epilepsy patients with body mass index (BMI) &amp;amp;gt;25 had 1.57 times the risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=1.57; 95%CI=1.16-2.34). Epilepsy patients with total cholesterol levels &amp;amp;gt;200 mg/dL have a 5.81-fold higher risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=5.81; 95%CI=1.23-23.32).&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; Our study found that more than a quarter of epilepsy patients have metabolic syndrome. The main risk factors for metabolic syndrome in epilepsy patients were a sedentary lifestyle, several antiepileptic medications, overweight, and increased total cholesterol levels.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Metabolic Sequelae and Quality of Life in Early Post-Treatment Period in Adolescents with Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Background/Objectives: The long-term consequences of intensive treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases, but also deteriorated quality of life (QoL), are present in many survivors of childhood HL. Methods: Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with HL who continued the follow-up after successful treatment for HL were included. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, laboratory data, blood pressure values, compliance to the Mediterranean diet (MD), QoL and lifestyle habits were evaluated at the follow-up. Available data were also extracted retrospectively at the time of diagnosis. The primary objective was to determine metabolic sequelae in the early post-treatment period in adolescents treated for HL. Additionally, QoL and compliance with MD were explored, and the correlation of MetS with QoL was investigated. Results: Sixty percent of patients had at least one risk factor for metabolic syndrome, with obesity/abdominal obesity, high blood pressure and low HDL being most commonly observed, present in 66.7%, 44.4% and 44.4% of patients, respectively. The number of obese patients increased from 6.3% at the diagnosis to 31.3% at the follow-up. The majority of patients (53.3%) had low adherence to the MD. Participants had comparable quality-of-life domains to those of the healthy population at the follow-up. The physical health domain of QoL was positively correlated with compliance to the MD in young adults (r = 0.8, p = 0.032) and negatively correlated with obesity/overweight in adolescents (r = -0.85, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Healthy lifestyle choices can impact not only the metabolic health of survivors but also their quality of life, and therefore should be encouraged in these patients.

Protaetia brevitarsis Hydrolysate Mitigates Muscle Dysfunction and Ectopic Fat Deposition Triggered by a High-Fat Diet in Mice.

Obesity is a key factor in metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) accelerates the onset of obesity and associated metabolic complications. Protaetia brevitarsis (PB) has been traditionally utilized in Korean medicine for its antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects. However, specific effects of PB hydrolysate on skeletal muscles have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study sought to assess the influence of PB on HFD-induced MetS, focusing on the lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase activation. To induce obesity, 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were maintained on an HFD for 8 weeks, after which PB hydrolysate was orally administered for 16 weeks while the HFD regimen was sustained. A glucose tolerance test was conducted orally to evaluate glucose regulation, and forelimb grip strength was assessed upon completion of the experimental period. Histological assessments, serum biochemical analysis, lipid extraction, Western blot analysis, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed following euthanasia. PB significantly reduced ectopic lipid deposition in skeletal muscles, enhanced muscle strength, and improved insulin sensitivity by increasing fatty acid oxidation via AMP-activated protein kinase/carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activation and inhibiting lipogenesis via stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene downregulation. Furthermore, PB alleviated HFD-induced low-grade chronic inflammation by decreasing systemic monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels, thereby reducing ectopic fat deposition. This study highlights the potential of PB as a nutraceutical to mitigate MetS in HFD-fed mice.

The efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MSMC39-1 and Bifidobacterium animalis TA-1 probiotics in modulating gut microbiota and reducing the risk of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Modern treatment, a healthy diet, and physical activity routines lower the risk factors for metabolic syndrome; however, this condition is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality worldwide. This investigation involved a randomized controlled trial, double-blind, parallel study. Fifty-eight participants with risk factors of metabolic syndrome according to the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups and given probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MSMC39-1 and Bifidobacterium animalis TA-1) (n = 31) or a placebo (n = 27). The participants had a mean age of 42.29 ± 7.39 and 43.89 ± 7.54 years in the probiotics and placebo groups, respectively. Stool samples, anthropometric data, and blood chemistries were taken at baseline and at 12 weeks. The primary outcome was achieved by the probiotics group as their low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level dramatically lowered compared to the placebo group (the difference was 39.97 ± 26.83 mg/dl, p-value <0.001). Moreover, significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol were observed in the volunteers treated with probiotics compared to the placebo. In the gut microbiome analysis, the results showed statistically significant differences in the beta diversity in the post-intervention probiotics group. Blautia, Roseburia, Collinsella, and Ruminococcus were among the gut microbiomes that were more prevalent in the post-intervention probiotics group. In addition, this group exhibited increases in the predicted functional changes in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, as well as ribonucleic acid transport, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. In conclusion, this research demonstrated that the probiotics L. paracasei MSMC39-1 and B. animalis TA-1 have the efficacy to lower risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome.

Caveolin Gene, a Possible Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Caveolin Gene, a Possible Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Steatotic liver disease diagnosed in a 24-year-old woman with Rett syndrome: a case report.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, potentially disrupting lipid metabolism and leading to dyslipidemia (DLD) and steatotic liver disease (SLD). Although SLD has been described in RTT mouse models, it remains undocumented in humans. We herein describe a 24-year-old woman with RTT who was evaluated for abnormal liver enzymes. Imaging revealed hepatic steatosis, and transient elastography showed a controlled attenuation parameter of 342 dB/m and stiffness of 7.1 kPa. Laboratory investigations excluded secondary causes, including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, alcohol use, and new medications. Her Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance score was 1.8, her hemoglobin A1c concentration was 4.8%, and her lipid profile showed elevated triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, consistent with DLD. Liver biopsy confirmed SLD. This case supports the hypothesis that MECP2 mutations in RTT disrupt lipid metabolism through a unique pathophysiologic mechanism, increasing the risk of DLD and SLD independently of traditional metabolic syndrome factors. It highlights the importance of early screening for liver disease in patients with RTT, despite their young age, to prevent complications. Additionally, it validates MECP2-null mouse models as reliable tools for investigating future therapeutic strategies in RTT.

Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the premetabolic state assessed using hierarchical clustering study in a health screening group

Early detection of a premetabolic status that is at risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) but not meeting the criteria is crucial. This study examined 27,623 participants aged 20–50 (mean: 40.7) years who underwent initial health screening at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (2011–2019), focusing on individuals with one or two MetS components. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering was used to form MetS risk clusters based on initial and follow-up data, including age, resting heart rate (rHR), serum uric acid (UA), C-reactive protein (CRP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and ferritin levels, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), periodontal disease, and Helicobacter pylori infection duration. Kaplan–Meier and generalized additive models were used to present the restricted mean survival time (RMST) and identify onset contributors. Clusters with NAFLD and elevated UA levels had the highest MetS risk, whereas those with uniformly low biomarker levels revealed the lowest risk. During follow-up, a cluster initially comprising 60.2% moderate-risk patients exhibited high biomarker levels and had the worst MetS prognosis (RMST: 211 days). UA, CRP levels, and rHR contributed to the incidence of MetS in the fitted model. Machine learning can predict the premetabolic state at MetS risk in a population-based cohort.

Pacific Islands Families Study: Serum Uric Acid in Pacific Youth and the Associations with Free-Sugar Intake and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass.

Fructose (50% of sucrose/sugar) is one component of free-sugars and is metabolized to uric acid, which is a known risk factor for gout and metabolic syndrome. Pacific peoples in New Zealand experience a higher prevalence of gout, type 2 diabetes, and overweight/obesity than other ethnic groups. Interestingly, despite having a similar body mass index (BMI), they tend to have a higher proportion of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and less fat than other ethnic groups. Given this context, this study aimed to evaluate the associations between serum uric acid (SUA), free-sugar intake, and ASMM. In a nested sub-study from the Pacific Islands Families birth-cohort study, 101 boys and 99 girls (all aged 14 and 15 years) self-reported how often they had consumed foods containing sugar in the past month. Anthropometry, body fatness, and ASMM by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and metabolic risk factors, including SUA were measured. Overall, 43% of girls and 57% of boys consumed 'sugary drinks' twice or more a day. When analyzed by group, ASMM was positively related to SUA for both boys and girls (r = 0.593, p < 0.0001). The effect of the intake of 'sugary drinks' on SUA (r = 0.176, p = 0.013) was reduced when ASMM was considered in the relationships. This study shows high SUA levels in Pacific adolescents, with a positive association between ASMM and SUA in both genders. Sugary drink intake was positively associated with SUA in both boys and girls. High ASMM in Pacific people and an increased risk for raised SUA make it important to work with Pacific communities to reduce added sugar intake and adopt integrated, family-based, culturally centered, and life-course approaches to prevent chronic diseases, including gout.

Anti-diabetic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on obese and overweight patients across diabetes status, administration routes, treatment duration and baseline characteristics: A systematic review.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for anti-obesity indications. However, little is known of the comparative effect of GLP-1 RAs and their glycemic impact across the different routes of administration, diabetic statuses and durations of prescription. PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched from inception to 13 February 2024. Only randomised controlled trials were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Adults aged above 18 years old, who were in the overweight/obesity range, with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included. Baseline characteristics and changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were obtained. GLP1-RAs demonstrated an overall reduction in HbA1c of -0.72% (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.79 to -0.65, p < 0.01) and in FPG of -1.00 mmol/L (95% CI -1.16 to -0.84, p < 0.01). HbA1c reduction in pre-DM patients was -0.44% (95% CI -0.54 to -0.18, p < 0.01). Patients who were followed up for more than a year experienced a smaller reduction of HbA1c. Meta-regression showed that the GLP-1 RAs are more efficacious at higher HbA1c and lower body mass index. Overall, GLP-1 RAs consistently led to a significant reduction in HbA1c at -0.72% and FPG at -1.00 mmol/L. These effects may beequally efficacious in pre-DM patients with obesity and those at lower BMI. With pre-DM and obesity being risk factors for metabolic syndrome, these findings may provide newer perspectives in expanding indications for GLP-1 RA initiation.

EFFECT OF CHROMIUM PICOLINATE ADMINISTRATION ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT MUSCLES UNDER METABOLIC SYNDROME CONDITIONS

Introduction. Over 1 billion people worldwide are affected by obesity, including approximately 650 million adults, 340 million adolescents, and 39 million children. According to WHO projections, 167 million individuals are expected to be overweight or obese by 2025. Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a transcription factor p38 activation inducer on antioxidant enzyme activity, superoxide anion radical production, oxidatively modified protein levels, and malondialdehyde concentration in the biceps femoris muscle of rats under experimental metabolic syndrome conditions. Materials and methods. The study involved 24 sexually mature male Wistar rats weighing 200–260 g, divided into four groups: a control group; a metabolic syndrome model group, which was formed by providing a 20% fructose solution as the sole drinking source alongside a standard vivarium diet for 60 days; a chromium picolinate administration group, where chromium picolinate was administered orally at a dose of 80 μg/kg daily for 60 days; and a combined group subjected to both chromium picolinate administration and metabolic syndrome modeling. In a 10% homogenate of the biceps femoris muscle, the following parameters were analyzed: superoxide production, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, malondialdehyde content, and levels of oxidatively modified proteins. Results. The administration of chromium picolinate during metabolic syndrome modeling significantly reduced oxidative stress in the biceps femoris muscle of rats. Basal superoxide production decreased by 25.7%, while superoxide production by microsomes and mitochondria decreased by 18.8% and 24.4%, respectively, compared to the metabolic syndrome group. Additionally, superoxide dismutase activity increased by 60.5%, and catalase activity rose by 52.6%. The concentration of malondialdehyde decreased by 41.2%, and the content of oxidatively modified proteins was reduced by 34.3%. Conclusion. Chromium picolinate administration under metabolic syndrome conditions effectively mitigates oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in rat skeletal muscle. This is achieved through a reduction in reactive oxygen species production and the restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity.

Multilevel Mediators on the Associations of Neighborhood Social Environmental Factors and Severity of Metabolic Syndrome: The Jackson Heart Study.

Neighborhood characteristics serve as risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the intermediary factors linking this relationship remain understudied. Thus, we investigated the sex-specific mediating role of C-reactive protein, physical activity (PA), and perceived stress in the associations of perceived neighborhood social environment (PNSE) with MetS severity among Black adults. This cross-sectional study included 3185 adults (64% women) from exam 1 (2000-2004) of the Jackson Heart Study. MetS severity Z scores were calculated based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria formula. PNSE included neighborhood violence, problems, and social cohesion. Men and women were analyzed separately. A bootstrap resampling technique with 95% bias-corrected CI (95% BC CI) was used to evaluate whether C-reactive protein, PA, and perceived stress mediated the association between each PNSE and MetS severity, adjusting for covariates. All PNSE factors were directly related to MetS severity in women but not in men. In women, neighborhood problems were indirectly associated with MetS severity mediated through PA (β=0.02 [95% BC CI, 0.00-0.05]). In men, neighborhood violence, problems, and social cohesion were indirectly associated with MetS severity mediated through PA (β=0.05 [95% BC CI, 0.01-0.10]; β=0.03 [95% BC CI, 0.00-0.06]; and β=-0.04 [95% BC CI, -0.09 to -0.01], respectively). Neither C-reactive protein nor perceived stress mediated such associations in either women or men. All PNSEs (violence, problems, and social cohesion) were directly related to MetS severity in women only. PA mediated the relationship between each PNSE and MetS in a sex-specific manner. Efforts focusing on local conditions are needed to better understand why such disparities exist for at-risk minoritized groups.

Key challenges of post-liver transplant weight management.

Liver transplantation serves as a life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease, yet long-term survival remains a challenge. Post-liver transplant obesity seems to have a significant contribution to this challenge and it emerges as a significant risk factor for graft steatosis, metabolic syndrome and de-novo malignancy development. This review synthesizes current literature on prevalence, risk factors and management strategies for post-liver transplant obesity, emphasizing its impact on graft and patient survival. Literature review consultation was conducted in Medline/PubMed, SciELO and EMBASE, with the combination of the following keywords: Weight management, liver transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, lifestyle interventions, bariatric surgery. Immunosuppressive therapy has a significant influence on long-term survival of liver transplant patients, yet it seems to have lesser effect on post-transplant obesity development than previously thought. However, it significantly contributes to the development of other components of metabolic syndrome. Key predisposing factors for post-transplant obesity development encompass elevated recipient and donor body mass index, a history of alcoholic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, male gender, the absence of cellular rejection and the marital status of the recipient. Tailored immunosuppressive regimens, pharmacotherapy, lifestyle interventions and bariatric surgery represent key components in mitigating post-transplant obesity and improving long-term survival and quality of life in this group of patients. Timely identification and intervention thus hold paramount importance. Further research is warranted to refine optimal management strategies and enhance outcomes in this patient population.

Trend of Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Working Korean Women According to Smoking Status and Workplace Size: A Population-Based Retrospective Longitudinal Study.

Smoking, a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, is associated with stress relief and pleasure among women, which can hinder efforts to quit smoking, particularly in workplaces. We investigated the metabolic syndrome indicators among working Korean women based on smoking status and workplace size to devise tailored smoking cessation policies. Retrospective longitudinal study. Data from 53,126 working Korean women aged 15-64 years were collected between 2009 and 2015. Data were collected from the Female Employees Database derived from the National Health Insurance Service. To assess the trend of metabolic syndrome indicators among working Korean women according to smoking status and workplace size, repeated-measures analysis of variance was used. Significant interactions were found between time and group for waist circumference (WC), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting glucose (FG) levels. Trends of metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMSEs) than in large-sized enterprises (LSEs). Current smokers in the LSE group had the highest WC, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and FG values. These insights may be valuable for devising policies and interventions to improve metabolic health among women working in SMSEs and current smokers in LSEs.

Actual prevalence of obesity and its correlation with medical and social factors among the employed population in the Saratov region

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a common, multifactorial disease that significantly contributes to other chronic noncommunicable diseases, which are the leading causes of premature mortality worldwide. The observed increase in the prevalence of obesity is attributable to a wide range of behavioral, medical, social, and biological factors. AIM: To assess of the actual prevalence of obesity among the employed population in the Saratov region and its correlation with medical and social factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of obesity among 3,721 employees, evaluating a range of medical and social factors, including sex, age, education, place of residence, physical activity, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome. The R programming language was used for statistical analysis. A probit regression model was created to determine the probability of obesity based on the presence or absence of specific factors. RESULTS: A univariate analysis demonstrated a correlation between obesity and a number of medical and social factors, including sex, age, education, labor intensity, physical activity, and the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. A regression analysis revealed a lower prevalence of obesity among males engaged in physically demanding work and among females with a university degree. A regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between obesity and the markers of cardiometabolic risk, including an above-normal waist circumference, hyperglycemia, low HDL, and hypertension, in the overall study population and male participants. In the female cohort, the analysis identified an above-normal waist circumference and hypertension as correlates of obesity. The notable finding was that triglyceride levels were not associated with obesity in any of the groups. The study had several limitations, including those related to region (the Saratov region), age (working-age population), and occupational status (employed population). CONCLUSION: A representative sample of the employed population in the Saratov region was used to establish the obesity prevalence patterns among males and females in various age groups. Additionally, the study identified the major medical and social risk factors for obesity. It is essential to consider the probability of a high body fat percentage among individuals with normal body weight and those who are overweight to prevent and mitigate cardiometabolic risks. The findings of this study are potentially beneficial for the creation of preventative strategies integrated into employee wellness initiatives focused on maintaining the wellbeing, quality of life and professional longevity of the employed population.

Associations of Combined Physical Activity and Body Mass Index with Metabolic Syndrome in American Adults: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017-2020.

The purpose of this study is to examine the combined associations of physical activity and body mass index with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample of American adults. Cross-sectional study. Data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 2945 American adults who participated in the NHANES 2017-2020. Participants' physical activity levels were categorized based on the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the various groups was analyzed using binary logistic regression to observe differences in the associated risks of developing metabolic syndrome. An increase in body mass index and a decrease in physical activity are both risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Statistical results show that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the obese and sedentary group is 22.31 times higher than that in the normal weight and active group (P = 0.000). A combination of at least 600 MET-minutes of physical activity per week and a lower body mass index is significantly associated with the lowest prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Obesity as the main factor of metabolic syndrome influencing on respiratory function

In the review, a generalized analysis of current scientific data explaining the physiological mechanisms of the influence of obesity on respiratory system is carried out. The multifactorial nature of the respiratory effect of obesity, including mechanical and inflammatory effects, is emphasized. The consequences of restrictive and obstructive changes in the biomechanics of respiration, changes in the topographic distribution of lung ventilation, mismatch of ventilation and perfusion, and a decrease in the efficiency of the respiratory muscles are considered. Elucidation of the central mechanisms of the respiratory action of proinflammatory mediators expressed by adipose tissue cells is recognized as a promising area of research. Special attention is paid to the action of leptin, which is the main regulator of metabolism and respiratory control in obesity. Its ability to modulate the central respiratory chemosensitive is discussed. It is assumed that an increase in pulmonary ventilation due to an increase in leptin production in obesity has a compensatory character and allows obese patients to maintain normocapnia despite an increase in mechanical load on respiration system. Whereas leptin resistance and suppressed hypercapnic ventilation response play a key role in the development of obesity–hypoventilation syndrome. It is concluded that it is necessary to further study the physiological mechanisms of the influence of obesity on the respiratory function in order to find new effective therapeutic methods for the treatment of diseases associated with obesity, which is the main factor in the development of metabolic syndrome.

Risk factors of metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age at mining area

Lead is one of the four most dangerous heavy metal pollutants, toxic to human health, and linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). This research aimed to analyze the relationship between respondent characteristics, blood lead level (BLL), nutrition intake, and physical activity to MetS and its components in women of reproductive age at Pemali District Mining Area, Bangka Belitung Regency. This research was conducted with a case-control approach involving 70 women of reproductive age (35 cases and 35 controls). Data was analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Witney tests for bivariate analysis and regression test logistics for multivariate analysis. Based on bivariate analysis, there is a significant relationship between body mass index (BMI) (p=0.000), salt intake (p=0.017), and seasoning intake (p=0.017) to MetS; meanwhile, BLL is not associated with MetS (p=0.473) but are associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (p=0.019). Multivariate test results show that BMI (p=0.000; OR=7.995) and salt intake (p=0.030; OR=6.812) are significant risk factors for MetS. Women of reproductive age must maintain BMI within normal levels and reduce daily salt intake to prevent the occurrence of MetS. BLL must be controlled to prevent decreased HDLC levels in women of reproductive age.

Metabolic Outcomes of Changing From Rilpivirine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine to Rilpivirine/Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine: A Longitudinal Study.

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH) are aging, and there are growing concerns regarding combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)-associated negative metabolic consequences. We aimed to investigate the metabolic outcomes of PLWH by replacing rilpivirine (RPV)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) with RPV/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC. This retrospective study enrolled PLWH who changed from RPV/TDF/FTC to RPV/TAF/FTC between January 2019 and September 2023. Metabolic profiles were compared 1 year before and 3 years after changing cART using Cochran's Q and one-way ANOVA. The independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome were analyzed using logistic regression. A total of 182 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased from 28% to 40.7%. The prevalence of hypertension and abnormal lipid levels significantly increased in the first year after changing cART, but the prescription of medicine for dyslipidemia increased in the second year (p = 0.025) and that for hypertension increased in the third year (p < 0.001). In addition to the criteria, body mass index (BMI) before changing cART was the only predictor of metabolic syndrome in the third year (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.19-1.55; p < 0.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and BMI did not increase significantly during the second and third years. A gradually higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among PLWH occurred with changes from RPV/TDF/FTC to RPV/TAF/FTC but plateaued beyond 2 years. However, fewer drugs for dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension were prescribed within the first year after changing cART.