Two-factor Model Research Articles

Are we ready? assessing effectiveness and implementation of cancer control strategies in primary care: a comprehensive review of systematic reviews.

Cancer is a major global cause of death, and primary care is crucial for cancer prevention and early detection. However, there is conflicting information on the effectiveness, implementation, and sustainability of cancer control interventions in primary care. This study aimed to summarize the evidence for cancer control in primary care, focussing on identifying relevant factors for implementation and sustainability. We conducted a narrative, mixed-methods review of systematic reviews, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Four databases were screened, and two independent reviewers selected studies reporting on cancer prevention, screening, or early detection in primary or community settings. We analysed findings using the extended Reach-Effectiveness-Adopt-Implementation-Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework. From the 37 reviews that met the inclusion criteria, 6 focussed on primary prevention, 23 on screening, and 12 on early detection. Most reviews (78%) addressed intervention effectiveness, such as HPV vaccination, tobacco cessation, and cervical, breast, and colorectal screening. One-third of the reviews mentioned adoption and implementation factors, including barriers and facilitators to the implementation of cancer screening programs. Only one review addressed maintenance and sustainability factors, exploring continuous resources and funding strategies. While numerous interventions are effective for cancer prevention and detection in primary care, literature on implementation and sustainability strategies is lacking. Focusing on continuous resources and funding for cancer strategies in primary care may aid sustainability. Future research should prioritize reporting on implementation and sustainability factors to enhance cancer prevention and control in primary care settings.

Psychometric Analysis of Young’s Internet Addiction Test among High School Students of North India

Abstract Background: Internet addiction is a serious problem that can negatively impact both the physical and mental health of adolescents. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is the most commonly used instrument to screen internet addiction worldwide. The study investigated the psychometric properties of the Hindi version of young’s IAT. School-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study design. Methods and Materials: The Hindi version of the IAT questionnaire was used to estimate internet addiction. Factor structure was analyzed by exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor (CFA) analyses, whereas reliability was measured with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. EFA, CFA, MANOVA, and logistic regression model. Results: Factor analysis revealed that the Hindi version of IAT consisted of a two-factor model, and had good validity (χ2 P < 0.000; RMSEA = 0.039; CFI = 0.969; SRMR = 0.031). Cronbach’s alpha score was 0.92. A significant association was also observed between the level of internet addiction with the duration of internet use per day (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The Hindi version of IAT provides good validity and reliability in a two-factor model. Therefore, it can be utilized as a tool for screening internet addiction in the Hindi-speaking population of India.

“What does ‘often’ even mean?” Revising and validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in partnership with autistic people

BackgroundIn this study, we revised the comprehensive autistic trait inventory (CATI)—a self-report inventory of autistic traits, in collaboration with autistic people and provided preliminary evidence for its validity as a self-report measure of autistic traits in the general population. An established strength of the CATI is its ability to capture female autistic traits. Our project aimed to extend this further, to increase the inventory’s accessibility, and to minimise stigma induced by deficit-based representations of autistic experience.MethodsTogether with 22 individuals from the autism and autistic communities, we created the Revised Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI-R). Revisions included rewording items to increase clarity or reduce stigma and expanding items to capture diverse autistic experiences. We also present a series of guidelines for developing self-report inventories of subclinical neurodivergent traits. We validated the CATI-R within a large sample (n = 1439), comprising people with a self-reported autism diagnosis (n = 331), people who self-identified as autistic (n = 44), and non-autistic participants (n = 1046).ResultsWe successfully validated a revision of the CATI. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-subscale structure (two-factor bifactors model: Chi-squared = 2705.73, p < .001, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .03, CFI = .95, TLI = .94). Spearman’s rank correlations showed positive relationships between all subscales (all rs > .56, ps < .001). Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the CATI-R and two contemporary inventories of autistic traits: the AQ (rho = .86, p < .01) and BAPQ (rho = .82, p < .01). Finally, a measurement invariance analysis indicated that total-scale scores can be compared across genders.LimitationsOur study presents only initial evidence for the validity of the CATI-R that should be enriched with further analyses and types of data, including a larger number of participants who do not identify as male or female.ConclusionsThis project provides a revised trait inventory that resonates with actual autistic experience, along with guidelines for creating self-report measures that are sensitive, accessible, and non-stigmatising.

Effects of motivation on teaching standards of higher secondary level english teachers of public and private sectors: A comparative study in Sialkot, Pakistan

This study investigates how motivation affects the teaching standards of higher secondary English teachers in the public and private sectors of District Sialkot, Pakistan. The study employs a mixed-method descriptive research design, rooted in Frederick Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory (1959), to thoroughly examine the motivation and demotivation factors that impact teachers' performance. We gathered quantitative data through questionnaires to gain broad statistical insights and obtained qualitative data from focus group interviews to gain in-depth perspectives. The population consisted of English teachers from eight higher secondary schools, divided equally between the public and private sectors. We selected 30 teachers with at least 3 years of experience using purposive sampling. The research instruments included a self-developed Likert scale questionnaire and structured interview protocols. The theoretical framework is based on Frederick Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory, which distinguishes between intrinsic motivators, such as achievement and recognition, and extrinsic hygiene factors, such as salary and working conditions. The researcher used statistical methods to analyse the quantitative data and subjected the qualitative data to thematic analysis. These insights are valuable for educational policymakers and administrators looking to improve teacher motivation and overall educational quality in District Sialkot.

Technical Education in Community Schools (TECS) Instructors’ Experience in their Retention: A Narrative Study

This empirical paper aims to explore the Technical Education in Community Schools (TECS) instructors’ experiences in their retention. Three TECS instructors from the Kathmandu valley were purposively interviewed to extract their in-depth information. A narrative inquiry method was used to explore the research participants’ lived experiences about their teaching profession along with the various aspects of their retention. Herzberg's motivation-hygiene factor theory was adopted to overview the instructors’ retention at TECS. The study revealed that retention of the instructors is a matter of personal and professional concern. Due to low pay and no provision for job security, those instructors who were only involved in teaching were not satisfied. On the other hand, instructors were happy with their teaching professions as they were applying theoretical knowledge to their practical fields. A flexible working environment, a bureaucratic hurdles-free system, an updated curriculum with appropriate tools and equipment, and professional development opportunities are to be considered for the instructors’ retention at TECS. In a nutshell, TECS instructors’ retention is contextual and depends on working conditions, financial benefits, job security, and professional development opportunities.

Factorial structure, measurement invariance and reliability of the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) in a sample of Portuguese parents

Emotion regulation is important for socioemotional and mental health development, with lifelong implications. The Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC; Shields &amp; Cicchetti, 1997) is a widely used tool to assess emotional regulation and dysregulation in children. Despite wide use and translate into several languages, inconsistent findings have been found in its factorial structure across studies. This study addresses this gap by examining the factorial structure, reliability, and measurement invariance of the ERC in a Portuguese sample. A sample of 789 parents (mostly mothers, 90.9%) with children between 3 to 12 years old (49.3% preschoolers and 50.7% School-age) completed the scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that the original two-factor model (Emotion Regulation and Lability/Negativity) reached an acceptable fit, however three items had to be removed, and two item residuals correlated. Full invariance was achieved regarding boys and girls. While, regarding age, only configural invariance was achieved, meaning that, different loadings should be expected between preschool and school-age children. Considering the final model the Cronbach’s alphas (α) was .66 for Emotion Regulation and .80 for Lability/Negativity. These findings provide some support for the use of the Portuguese parents’ version of the ERC with preschool and school-age children.

Factors Influencing Talent Retention in Malaysia’s Semiconductor Industry

The main objective of this study is to examine the underlying factors that influence talent retention in Malaysia's semiconductor industry. Utilizing Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, the research assesses the impact of employee engagement, career development, reward management, and work-life balance on retaining talent within this sector. A quantitative approach was employed, gathering data through online questionnaires distributed to senior executives in the semiconductor industry. Using purposive sampling, a total of 431 questionnaires were collected via an online platform for convenience. The study's findings reveal that talent retention in Malaysia’s semiconductor industry is significantly influenced by factors such as employee career development, reward management, and work-life balance. These insights offer valuable implications for the industry, highlighting the crucial role these factors play in retaining talent. Given the pivotal role of Malaysia's semiconductor industry in both the national economy and the global market, the study's findings are of considerable importance. The research discusses both practical and theoretical implications, providing recommendations for industry practices and suggesting areas for future research to further understand and improve talent retention strategies.

Genomic structural equation modeling of reward-related traits: exploring the genetic factor structure and its relationship with psychopathology.

Reward sensitivity has a partial genetic background, and extreme levels may increase vulnerability to psychopathology. This study explores the genetic factor structure underlying reward-related traits and examines how genetic variance links to psychopathology. We modeled GWAS data from ten reward-related traits: risk tolerance (N = 975,353), extraversion (N = 122,886), sensation seeking (N = 132,395), (lack of) premeditation (N = 132,667), (lack of) perseverance (N = 133,517), positive urgency (N = 132,132), negative urgency (N = 132,559), attentional impulsivity (N = 124,739), motor impulsivity (N = 124,104), and nonplanning impulsivity (N = 123,509) to derive their genetic factor structure. A GWAS on this structure was performed, and polygenic scores (PGS) were generated to test associations with problems related to attention, hyperactivity, autism, aggression, mood, anxiety, alcohol use, smoking, and drug use problems in up to 78,000 individuals from the Dutch Lifelines Study. A two-factor model fit best - "reward interest" (openness to rewards) and "impulsivity" (pursuit of rewards with little consideration of consequences). The reward interest PGS was positively associated with hyperactivity, alcohol, smoking, and drug use, and negatively with autism spectrum problems. The impulsivity PGS was positively associated with all studied psychopathology. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using related traits to investigate the dimensionality of reward sensitivity and how distinct aspects may be linked to different psychopathology domains.

Increasing Company Productivity by Using the Green Productivity Method at PT. Mitra Agung Sawita Sejati

The concept of All-Gender Facilities has caused controversy in many countries, especially regarding the experience of users who feel uncomfortable with the presence of other genders in private spaces such as toilets and changing rooms. This study aims to explore the acceptance of the community in the Greater Jakarta area towards the All Gender Facility, especially in the use of toilets and changing rooms. A qualitative approach with a case study method is used to understand and analyze the response of society influenced by social and cultural norms. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with eight purposively selected informants. The results of the study show that awareness and first experience in using the All Gender Facility are influenced by the level of social media exposure and personal experience when using it. Security and hygiene factors, including space design and management, are the main elements that affect user privacy and comfort. Consideration of cultural norms in the implementation of the All Gender Facility has a very important role in community acceptance. The multicultural community of Greater Jakarta shows resistance to this concept due to cultural and religious considerations. However, in terms of functionality, this concept is acceptable on the condition of a design that pays attention to user privacy and security.

Leaving Chinese internationalised schools: expatriate teachers’ experiences of career transitions

ABSTRACT The Chinese international education landscape is dominated by nontraditional international schools that are affected by many issues, such as commercialisation, weak leadership, pedagogical challenges, faculty divides, and high turnover. Although teacher mobility in international schools has received much scholarly attention, the Chinese context remains understudied, and expatriate teachers’ experiences of career transitions have rarely been addressed. This qualitative, phenomenological study aimed to explore how expatriate teachers experience career transitions as they leave employment in Chinese internationalised schools. A purposefully selected sample of three mid-career expatriate teachers with differing career destinations contributed insights through two interviews conducted a year apart. Transition theory guided the research question: How do expatriate teachers experience the stages of a career transition, moving in, moving through, and moving out? Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis to emphasise participants’ individual experiences before seeking generalisation. Data interpretation was framed by the 4 S’s of the transition framework (situation, self, support, and strategies), the push–pull model, and the two-factor theory of motivation. Participants’ reasons for leaving included the schools’ work environments, China as the host country, and personal circumstances. The career exits involved uncertainty and anxiety, but participants employed strategies to alleviate the burden of their transitions. The findings corroborate the turnover factors identified in the extant literature, evidence the recent developments within the Chinese international education industry and raise questions about the changing job market for expatriate educators.

The structure of learners’ perceptions of models (not only) in quantum physics: spotlight on Fidelity of Gestalt and Functional Fidelity

In previous research, it has been argued that many of the student (mis-)conceptions of quantum concepts described in the literature as widespread among learners can be traced back to poorly developed (quantum) model perceptions that hinder the learning of quantum physics. In particular, it has been shown that the degrees of two cognitive dimensions, namely Functional Fidelity and Fidelity of Gestalt, in students’ thinking account for a substantial amount of the variance in students’ model perceptions in quantum physics and may therefore be useful for describing and understanding the (development of) students’ conceptions of quantum physics topics. So far, however, the cognitive dimensions Functional Fidelity and Fidelity of Gestalt have only been investigated in exploratory studies. In this article, we report the results of a confirmatory factor analysis of data collected from N = 179 secondary school students using an instrument adapted from the literature to assess learners’ perceptions of the photon model. The results of our study provide empirical evidence that the two-factor model of learners’ model perceptions in the quantum context is indeed a good fit to the data. Together with literature from science education research on students’ conceptual development, and taking into account earlier findings on Fidelity of Function and Gestalt Fidelity we derive a plausible description of students’ conceptual development in the context of quantum physics – leading to what we call the Fidelities-Model of Conceptual Development. We discuss this framework in the light of previous research and argue for its potential generalisability beyond the teaching and learning of quantum physics topics. The implications of our findings for both science education research and practice are presented.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Parenting Questionnaire

BackgroundThere is a paucity of brief self-report parenting measures validated for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We developed the Brief Parenting Questionnaire (BPQ), a 24-item self-report measure for use with parents of children ages 3–12.ObjectiveWe describe the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the BPQ, which was designed to include two subscales: warm and responsive parenting (WRP) and harsh parenting (HP).Participants and settingThe sample included an equal number of male and female caregivers (n = 480) from 240 families in North Lebanon that took part in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Caregiver Support Intervention. Study participants were primarily Syrian (95.2%); others were Lebanese (4.2%) and Palestinian (0.6%).MethodsThe development of the BPQ is described. To assess its psychometric properties, we used data from the RCT for which the instrument was developed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the BPQ. The reliability of the BPQ and its potential subscales was assessed by examining the internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Multi-group CFA was conducted to identify if the same two constructs were being measured across mothers and fathers.ResultsA two-factor model best fit the data, with 16 items loading on WRP and seven items on HP, corresponding to the two parenting dimensions the scale was designed to assess. Internal consistency was good: full scale ɑ=0.83, WRP ɑ=0.86, and HP ɑ=0.76. One item not loading on either subscale was retained for theoretical reasons.ConclusionsThe BPQ is a brief culturally grounded self-report measure of parenting validated for use with Middle Eastern Arabic speaking parents. The data for this paper come from a pre-registered trial: ISRCTN33665023.

The psychometric properties of the child anxiety and depression life interference scale (CADLIS)

ObjectiveLife interference is a key diagnostic feature for anxiety and depressive disorders. Measures focusing on life interference caused by anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents have received minimal attention. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Scale (CADLIS), a brief child (CADLIS-C) and parent-report (CADLIS-P) measure designed to assess life interference from anxiety and depressive disorders in both the child and parent’s life.MethodA total of 672 parents of children aged 4–18 years completed the CADLIS-P, and 627 children aged 7–18 years completed the CADLIS-C.ResultsThe proposed two-factor CADLIS-C model was not supported, instead, due to high inter-factor covariance a one-factor model of life interference was proposed. The one-factor model demonstrated better model fit. The proposed three-factor model for the CADLIS-P was not supported, instead, an exploratory factor analysis found a two-factor model differentiating life interference into child and parent life interference a better model fit. The CADLIS demonstrated excellent internal consistency, good convergent and divergent validity, interrater correlations and was able to differentiate between children with and without clinical levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms.LimitationsLimitations of the study included the sample population which consisted of a small clinical sample, an over-representation of high-income families and the use of a panel provider.ConclusionsOverall, the CADLIS demonstrated sound psychometric properties. The CADLIS is a reliable measure that demonstrates evidence of convergent validity for the assessment of life interference associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in children.

The Contribution of R&amp;D İnvestments to Technological Learning Capability: Evidence from Manufacturing İndustry Sectors of the Turkish Economy

Learning-by-searching is the process of experience in the emergence of new high-value-added products with the new knowledge and skills that an enterprise achieves through the network system it establishes with its own R&amp;D unit, other enterprises, universities, and other information sources. The most important factor that contributes to learning-by-searching is undoubtedly the investments made in research and development in economic sectors. A review of the literature on the subject reveals that R&amp;D expenditures are only used as the second independent variable in linear learning curve models. For this reason, in the existing applied studies, only a fixed representative learning rate, which is the average of the learning rates in the period in question, is determined. In this study, a two-factor dynamic learning curve model is used to measure the cost-reducing effect of R&amp;D expenditures. Thus, in addition to learning-by-doing ratios, the evolution of learning-by-searching ratios over time is also taken into account. The findings of the study support the view in the literature that the learning-by-doing rates in the one-factor dynamic learning model are biased. In addition, in the two-factor dynamic learning curve model, it was also found that in periods when learning-by-doing loses its effect, learning-by-searching increases its effect.

Effect evaluation of a participatory developed school-based healthy sleep intervention for adolescents.

Sleep deprivation and reduced sleep quality are common in adolescents and negatively impact their physical and mental wellbeing. This study evaluates the effect of a participatory-developed school-based healthy sleep intervention for adolescents. A 16-week long intervention, cocreated with adolescents, was conducted with two schools with four schools serving as measurement-only controls. Intervention elements included a kickoff event, posters, Instagram posts, an application, and class activities. Data on sleep parameters, sleep hygiene, and psychosocial factors were collected before, immediately after, and 6 months after implementation (N = 1,176; 15.2 ± 0.7 years; 37.9% girls). Sleep duration was objectively measured with activity trackers in a subsample (n = 133). Generalized linear mixed models were applied to analyze the intervention effect in RStudio. Participants in the intervention group demonstrated significant increases in sleep knowledge and larger decreases in supportive peer and parental factors compared to the control group. At 6 months, the intervention group displayed increased self-reported weekend sleep duration and objectively measured week sleep duration. There was a significantly smaller increase in the use of screens in bed and barriers toward screen use in bed in the intervention group compared to the control group. Finally, a significant decrease in peer modeling and mental support of parents was observed in the intervention group (versus significant increase and no significant change in the control group, respectively). Researchers developing healthy sleep interventions should consider combining a participatory approach with a theory-based protocol including the use of active parental components. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Development and Validation of the Internalized Care Stigma Scale (ICSS): Measuring care stigma aimed at informal care for older adults in Germany.

In this study we developed and validated the Internalized Caregiver Stigma Scale (ICSS) to measure internalized stigma targeting informal care for older adults (≥60 years) in Germany. The ICSS scale was developed in the Attitudes Towards Informal Caregivers (ATTIC) project based on stigma theories and (cognitive) pretesting with informal caregivers. Informal long-term caregivers (aged ≥40 years; n=433) of older relatives (aged ≥60 years) were quota-sampled from the online panel GapFish in December 2023 (twice as many female and middle-aged (aged 40-64 years) caregivers than male and younger (18-39 years) or older adults (65+ years) were included in the sample). Caregiver identification and the Social Impact Scale were used for validation of the newly developed measure. Factor structure, reliability and concurrent validity were tested. A correlated two-factor model with excellent goodness of fit criteria and good to excellent internal consistency of the factors and the total scale was confirmed for the ICSS. The negative ICSS subscale correlated highly, and the positive ICSS subscale correlated weakly, with the care-specific Social Impact Scale. Both ICSS subscales were weakly correlated with caregiver identification. Both aspects of self-stigma showed significant associations with sociodemographic and care-specific factors in the regression models. The ICSS is the first scale measuring internalized stigma targeting informal care for older adults directly and shows excellent psychometric criteria. It provides the necessary tool for a new approach to analyze the complex psychosocial mechanisms in this highly relevant care context.

On the Pricing of Vulnerable Foreign Equity Options with Stochastic Volatility in an Intensity-Based Model

In this study, we investigate the pricing of two types of vulnerable foreign equity options using an intensity-based model. It is considered that the intensity process consists of both systematic and idiosyncratic components. In addition, we assume that the underlying asset processes follow a two-factor stochastic volatility model. Under the proposed model, we obtain the explicit pricing formulas of vulnerable foreign equity options. Finally, we provide some numerical examples to demonstrate how credit risk and stochastic volatility affect option prices.

A Study on ESG Evaluation Indicators Through Chemical Accident Data Analysis and Double Materiality Assessment

This study focuses on identifying key factors that companies should prioritize to prevent chemical accidents from an ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) perspective. ESG provides insight into corporate sustainability by comprehensively considering both external impacts and internal risks. To achieve this, this study applied a scoring approach based on double materiality, assessing both internal and external impacts. The assessment process involved data collection, categorization of accident causes, score calculation, and prioritization of safety management items. Data from chemical accident statistics revealed that mechanical integrity, human factors, and preventive maintenance were the primary causes across all three countries. Internal impacts were evaluated by accident severity and frequency, while external impacts considered casualties and management priorities. Internal impact results showed mechanical integrity as critical in the U.S., preventive maintenance in the U.K., and human factors in Republic of Korea. For external impacts, human factors were most critical in Republic of Korea. To prioritize safety management elements for chemical accident prevention from an ESG perspective, this study categorized them into three tiers. Tier 1 represents the most critical elements requiring urgent attention, while Tier 3 includes the least critical elements. This tier classification is intended not as an absolute ranking but as a general reference for identifying overall trends in safety management priorities. Tier 1 included the U.K.’s preventive maintenance and human factors across all countries, with Republic of Korea’s human factors being the most vulnerable. Tier 2 revealed operating procedures and human factors as critical, with U.S. emergency preparedness and U.K. design highlighted. Tier 3, with impact scores below 1, was safest. These findings effectively identified safety management priorities to enhance accident prevention.

A latent profile analysis of the functions of binge eating

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify naturally occurring groups of individuals experiencing binge eating (BE) symptoms based on their endorsement of varied functions of BE.MethodAdults (N = 646) with self-reported BE symptoms were examined using latent profile analysis to identify differentiated profiles based on eight established functions of BE. Profiles were also compared on measures of BE symptoms, eating disorder psychopathology, internal shame, body shame, psychological distress, adverse childhood experiences, and demographic variables.ResultsA four-profile solution was selected balancing goodness-of-fit and interpretability. Profiles identified were Emotion Avoidance, Classic, Emotion Reactivity, and Complex, with profiles differing primarily on emotion- and trauma-related functions of BE, and varying on all associated characteristics examined, with the Complex profile showing the most adverse associations.DiscussionThe identification of these distinct profiles suggests that individuals present with differentiated, inter-related patterns or reasons for BE. These clinically relevant profiles may inform binge-eating intervention choice and the targeting of specific maintenance factors within profiles. Further research is needed to examine the clinical utility of these profiles in informing the most suitable psychological treatment for an individual.

The Occupational Stress Questionnaire for Law Enforcement Services

Aim: Motivation is an important management tool, especially in organisations where people's skills and abilities are crucial to effective performance. An example of such an organisation is the Police, which is still people-centred despite information technology modernisation. Motivation is therefore essential not only in leadership, but also in the psychological selection process, and its components and characteristics are examined. Methodology: For each member of the law enforcement services is a must, based on the legal obligation, to have the proper health, psychic and physical condition. The psychological test can facilitate police recruit selection, which includes, among others, an Occupational Stress Questionnaire for Law Enforcement Services (OSQLES), which has been used for decades in Hungary. Findings: In according to Herzberg's two-factor theory, I review and analyse the OSQLES' relevance and suitability for law enforcement services. Value: I will answer two questions. Firstly, whether the OSQLES is a suitable method to obtain the right information through questions and scales and secondly, whether it is suitable to identify the factors of the Herzberg's theory.