Factor Of Intensity Research Articles

Spatio-temporal evolution of heat waves severity and expansion across the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic islands

In the current climate change scenario, heat waves have become one of the most concerning extreme climatic events, both because of their implications for human health and the economy, and because of their increase in intensity and frequency in recent decades. This work presents for the first time a climatological analysis of heat waves in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Archipelago (IPB) using the Excess Heat Factor index (EHF). This index considers the factor of intensity and the acclimatization process of human body in the study of heat waves. We focused on the intensity (also called severity), duration, frequency and spatial extension of heat waves in the IPB in the 1950–2020 period. The exceptional heat wave of August 2018 was approached in a similar way to further explore the usefulness of the EHF index. We found that the EHF index identified heat wave conditions 2 days earlier than indices that used only maximum temperatures. Results showed a significant increase in intensity, duration, frequency and spatial extension of heat waves for the whole IPB for 1950–2020 period. The average extent of heat waves increased by 4.0% per decade and the maximum extent by 4.1% per decade. This trend suggested a significant increase in human exposure, droughts, fire risk and energy demand in this region in the last decades.

Quartz Tube Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is widely used in many fields with the advantages of simultaneous species detection and molecular fingerprint characteristics, but the low detection sensitivity limits its further development, especially for highly scattering or turbid mediums. In this consideration, a new method called quartz tube enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy was proposed for the first time in this paper. A quartz tube was inserted into the powder sample to improve the coupling of light into the medium and increase the interaction volume of the laser with the sample (“volume-excitation”), multiple scattering of the light within the turbid medium resulted in an increased Raman signal. In this paper, the effect of different sizes of quartz tubes on the sensitivity enhancement was studied. The results show that the enhancement factor of the signal intensity was nearly 5.37 (the Raman signal of HCO3−) compared to traditional Raman spectroscopy technology. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to improve the Raman signal intensity of the mixed sample (1:5, m (PO43−):m (HCO3−)) and detect the baking soda powder buried under a 6 mm thick layer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate powder. The results show that the technology will open a new way for the quantitative analysis and detection of powder samples.

Upgrade of the OSIRIS primary spectrometer

A proposed upgrade is presented for the primary part of the indirect time-of-flight near-backscattering spectrometer OSIRIS at the ISIS Facility. This upgrade comprises a new supermirror guide with non-linear defocusing and focusing sections, a new wavelength bandwidth chopper system and a flexible slit system to adjust the divergence. The new neutron guide has an elliptical defocusing section, a curved section and an elliptical focusing section. The estimated gain factor in intensity is wavelength dependent between 4 and 7 at the sample position with a homogeneous divergence distribution on a smaller beam spot. The divergence will increase by up to a factor 3 compared to the present guide, but can be reduced by up to a factor 5 through the slit system. The increased guide cross section requires a system of two counter-rotating disc choppers with larger disc diameters than the present ones for the selection of the wavelength bandwidth. Estimates for the performance indicate that the proposed upgrade will keep the OSIRIS spectrometer competitive in the years to come.

Assessing Phototoxicity in a Mammalian Cell Line: How Low Levels of Blue Light Affect Motility in PC3 Cells.

Phototoxicity is a significant constraint for live cell fluorescence microscopy. Excessive excitation light intensities change the homeostasis of the observed cells. Erroneous and misleading conclusions may be the problematic consequence of observing such light-induced pathophysiology. In this study, we assess the effect of blue light, as commonly used for GFP and YFP excitation, on a motile mammalian cell line. Tracking PC3 cells at different light doses and intensities, we show how motility can be used to reliably assess subtle positive and negative effects of illumination. We further show that the effects are a factor of intensity rather than light dose. Mitotic delay was not a sensitive indicator of phototoxicity. For early detection of the effect of blue light, we analysed the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress. This study addresses the need for relatively simple and sensitive methods to establish a dose-response curve for phototoxicity in mammalian cell line models. We conclude with a working model for phototoxicity and recommendations for its assessment.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МАГНИТНОГО ПОЛЯ НА ТРИБОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПАР ТРЕНИЯ СКОЛЬЖЕНИЯ ПРИМЕНИТЕЛЬНО К ФРИКЦИОННЫМ ГАСИТЕЛЯМ КОЛЕБАНИЙ

The purpose of the work is to examine magnetic field impact upon properties of friction steel surfaces at “pin-disc” tests. The magnetic field impact upon a friction contact with the substantiation of the mechanism of its impact is proved experimentally, and also the results bringing to positive effects for friction pairs are emphasized. 
 The analysis of experiment results has shown that a friction factor can be increased by 88% as compared with the version without magnetic field impact upon friction pair. At that under the magnetic field impact wear intensity becomes less for about half, and also friction surfaces quality becomes better as compared with the tests without a magnetic field as there are no vivid traces of plowing that is explained with the wear particles elimination from the friction area under the magnetic field impact. 
 The investigation methods: the fulfillment of laboratory physical experiments with the use of the developed and patented laboratory plant according to the “pin-disc” scheme. 
 The investigation results and novelty: the magnetic field impact upon a value of friction force, a factor of slip and wear intensity of friction surfaces is determined. 
 The conclusion: it is possible to control a friction factor and wear intensity through the magnetic field impact upon a friction contact.

PENGARUH BUDAYA KERJA TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK KANTOR DESA TIMORENG PANUA KECAMATAN PANCA RIJANG KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG

Abstract
 
 The purpose of this research is to determinate the effect of work culture on the effectiness of public service in the office village of Timoreng Panua, Panca Rijang district, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The populations of this research is the whole of Family card as much as 547 of 2 hamlets at Timoreng Panua village. The Collecting of Samples using Random Sampling technique and Yount Formula with 10% Standar error, resulting in a sample as much as 55 55 respondents.The data collecting technique of this research is observation, questionnaire, interview and library research. The data analysis of the research used the frecuency distribution tables and simple linaer regresion with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) 16.0 program for windows.The results showed that the work culture of the effectiveness of public services in the office village ofTimorengPanua,PancaRijang District, SidenrengRappangRegency had a significant influence from the results of calculations in the ANOVA table, t count> t Table or 8.262> 2.672 with a significance level of 0,000 <0, 05, then the decision is Ho “refused” and Ha “accepted”, meaning that work culture (X) has a significant influential on the effectiveness of public service (Y). While the model summary table shows that the influence of work culture (X) on the effectiveness of public service (Y) is 0.563 or 56.3% the category "quite influential". The factors that influence work culture are seen from the first factor that togetherness has an influence of 23.3%. The second factor of intensity has an influence of 30.2%.
 Keywords : Work Culture, Effectiveness of Public Service.

PENGARUH BUDAYA KERJA TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK KANTOR DESA TIMORENG PANUA KECAMATAN PANCA RIJANG KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG

Abstract
 
 The purpose of this research is to determinate the effect of work culture on the effectiness of public service in the office village of Timoreng Panua, Panca Rijang district, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The populations of this research is the whole of Family card as much as 547 of 2 hamlets at Timoreng Panua village. The Collecting of Samples using Random Sampling technique and Yount Formula with 10% Standar error, resulting in a sample as much as 55 55 respondents.The data collecting technique of this research is observation, questionnaire, interview and library research. The data analysis of the research used the frecuency distribution tables and simple linaer regresion with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) 16.0 program for windows.The results showed that the work culture of the effectiveness of public services in the office village ofTimorengPanua,PancaRijang District, SidenrengRappangRegency had a significant influence from the results of calculations in the ANOVA table, t count> t Table or 8.262> 2.672 with a significance level of 0,000 <0, 05, then the decision is Ho “refused” and Ha “accepted”, meaning that work culture (X) has a significant influential on the effectiveness of public service (Y). While the model summary table shows that the influence of work culture (X) on the effectiveness of public service (Y) is 0.563 or 56.3% the category "quite influential". The factors that influence work culture are seen from the first factor that togetherness has an influence of 23.3%. The second factor of intensity has an influence of 30.2%.
 Keywords : Work Culture, Effectiveness of Public Service.

Effect of Rat Exposure to Moderate Pressure Oxygen Atmosphere on Resistance of Erythrocytes against Hemolysis.

Exposure of male Wistar rats to oxygen atmosphere at moderate pressure (1.10-1.15 atm) for 4 h resulted in significant, transient, and reversible decrease in hemolytic resistance of peripheral blood erythrocytes. In 2 days after oxygen exposure, the bone marrow released young erythrocytes with enhanced hemolytic resistance as a compensation for oxygen injury. These findings suggest that normobaric oxygen load can be viewed as a stress factor of moderate intensity.

Features of schemes of the explosive loosening, with big slowdowns

The task of the article is to determine the influence of the blasting charge power on the intensity of preliminary destruction of the blasting block mass at long delays. Increase of the destruction radius r from the blasthole charges action at diagonal pattern of hole-by-hole blasting, caused by change of explosive charge energy or rock properties, decreases the number of stress waves passing in the vicinity of specific blast holes. They cause the rock disturbance in the pre-destruction area due to increasing of explosion energy absorption in the area of blasthole charges destruction. However, at the same time, the value of the predestruction factor increases. The calculation shows that 3.5 times increase of the blasthole charge destruction radius, reduces in 1.36 times the number of stress waves passing through the vicinity of specific blasthole charges, but the factor of pre-destruction intensity increases tenfold and the total impact of these factors – by a factor of 8.

ANEMIA DISERITROPOIÉTICA CONGÊNITA TIPO II

Introdução: A Anemia Diseritropoiética Congênita (CDA) é um grupo heterogêneo de doenças, caracterizadas principalmente pela diseritropoiese e eritropoiese ineficaz. O diagnóstico é de exclusão, ou seja, é necessário afastar todas as outras formas e causas de diseritropoiese congênita ou adquirida para se ter certeza de seu diagnóstico. Os pacientes, além da anemia (leve a moderada), podem apresentar icterícia, esplenomegalia e deficiência na resposta hematopoética (fator determinante da intensidade da anemia). A CDA tipo II, a forma mais frequente das anemias diseritropoéticas congênitas. A maioria é diagnosticada na infância ou eventualmente na fase adulta; poucos casos são diagnosticados ao nascimento. Muitos pacientes são frequentemente transfundidos. Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar caso de um paciente diagnosticado aos 18 meses de idade com anemia diseritropoética tipo II, submetido a transfusões frequentes, em uso de deferasirox( quelante de ferro) e ácido fólico. Materiais e métodos: A pesquisa tem caráter descritivo. Os dados foram obtidos através da análise do prontuário médico do paciente Conclusão: A CDA é uma enfermidade rara e de difícil diagnóstico. O tratamento de escolha, mais convencional, é a transfusão sanguínea programa ou intermitente, associada com uso de quelante de ferro

Discrete Source Method for the Study of Influence Nonlocality on Characteristics of the Plasmonic Nanolaser Resonators

The discrete source method is generalized so as to investigate the nonlocal effects in multilayered particles on a substrate. The scheme for constructing an approximate solution and the corresponding numerical algorithm are described in detail. The developed approach is used to study the optical characteristics of 3D cavities of plasmonic nanolasers. It is shown that the amplitude of surface plasmon resonance and the amplification factor of the near-field intensity are reduced significantly when the nonlocal effects are taken into account. It is also shown that the amplification factor can be increased by more than twice by varying the material and thickness of the cavity shell and the direction of the incident wave.

Directed Microwave‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of Au–Graphene–Au Plasmonic Dimers for SERS Applications

AbstractNoble metal dimers with sub‐nanometer separation support strong electromagnetic field enhancement which has practical applications in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), photodetection, and photocatalysis. Monolayer graphene is an excellent spacer material to practically realize uniform separation between the dimers. Here, directed microwave‐assisted self‐assembly of Au nanoparticle dimers is reported, separated by graphene monolayer over 1 cm2 substrates. Detailed analytical models of Au particle formation kinetics explain the experimentally observed control of the density and selectivity of the dimer formation. SERS substrates with 7 × 106 cm−2 of Au–Graphene–Au dimers are obtained which yield a 35‐fold increase in the Raman spectral signal of graphene from a single dimer, and an enhancement factor in intensity per molecule of 107 allows ppb level detection of Rhodamine 6G. A system of such dimers can provide an efficient, reliable, and inexpensive solution for many nanophotonic applications that require ultrahigh field confinement, such as SERS and photodetection.

The environmental impacts of 12 country-specific food-based dietary guidelines

To compare country-specific food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) with respect to in the life cycle (LC) energy inputs. Thirty-two international FBDGs were collected via Internet searches and through review of current literature on this topic. Of the 32, 12 published FBDGs with additional details, including diet-related information and recommendations about portion size for each food group. For each recommended food and appropriate portion size, LC energy inputs (mJ/kg) were calculated based on the Carlsson-Kanyama study. To fairly compare the LC energy inputs of 12 FBDGs, an adjusted recommended energy intake of 2000 kcal/person was used. The minimum and maximum LC energy intensity of each FBDG was reported. Total daily LC energy intensity associated with the recommendations for one person varied from 11.3 mJ–37.6 mJ (median = 17.4 mJ, n = 24). When we adjusted the energy intake of each country to the benchmark of 2000 kcal, the median LC energy intensity was 15.3 mJ (12.9–17.5 mJ, n = 12). The highest LC energy intensity was associated with the FBDGs of Portugal, the lowest to Korea. The variation factor of LC energy intensity in each FBDG corresponded to the amount of food recommended by dietary experts. The energy intensity associated with the LC of food plays a key role in quantifying and effectively communicating the equivalent amount of greenhouse gas emissions. The concept of LC energy impact in this study could be used to guide policy makers and consumers toward ecologically responsible dietary recommendations.

The Impact of Small Field’s Off-Set on Output Factor in Intensity Modulated Radiation Treatment

In intensity modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) planning, the use of asymmetrically collimated fields that are placed on central axis or its off-set is mostly required. Output is the main topic discussed today for extremely small and/or severe irregularly shaped fields. The air scatter data are involved directly or indirectly in obtaining the output. Despite the fact that extensive data have been published in many studies to provide a guide on the magnitude of output factor for clinical accelerators, there are very few data reviewed about output factor in-air or phantom for off-set fields. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of these conditions for small fields. This study was conducted in Elekta Synergy linear accelerator which produces 6 MV X-ray energy. The in-air output factor (Sc) has been measured by CC04 ion chamber with brass-alloy “build-up” cap and Dose-1 electrometer, and the total output (Scp) measurements were carried on at dose maximum depth in phantom by the same chamber and Thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) for 1 - 10 cm2 fields. The all measurements at center of isocenter and off-set fields at three directions (X2, Y1, Diagonal) were done. By decreasing field size from 10 to 2 cm2 at isocenter, the Sc value using CC04 was decreased to 5.4% and Scp using CC04 and TLD to 14.5% and 11% respectively. By increasing off-set value, the Sc and Scp values were increased in all directions comparing to central fields. The maximum increase was obtained in Y1 direction for Sc and Scp. TLD results for Scp is slightly higher than CC04. The dosimetric properties of small fields and their off-set should be evaluated and modelled appropriately in the treatment planning system to ensure accurate dose calculation in Intensity Modulated Radiation Treatment.

Tipologiya regionov RF po strukture VRP kak faktoru energoemkosti ekonomiki: metodicheskie aspekty

Tipologiya regionov RF po strukture VRP kak faktoru energoemkosti ekonomiki: metodicheskie aspekty

The presence of chronic pain in patients with major depressive disorder and its inter-correlation

IntroductionChronic pain is a common experienced symptom among patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The intensity of depression and chronic pain inter-correlated, having negative impact on the daily functioning of the patients.ObjectivesOur aim was to explore the presence of chronic pain in patients diagnosed with MDD (single episode or recurrent), correlation between intensity of depression and chronic pain, its interference on daily functioning, as well as sex differences regarding the explored variables.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 51 (62.2%) female and 31 (37.8%) male patients diagnosed with MDD (n = 82), aged between 18 and 65 years old (mean age of 46.21). Assessment instruments included The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), The Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI) (consisting of BPI-I factor of pain intensity, and BPI-II-factor of pain interference with daily functioning), and semistructured questionnaire for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsThe presence of chronic pain was found in the 51 (62, 2%) of patients with MDD. The mean score on the BDI-II for the whole sample was 22.5 (SD 12.8). There was a positive correlation between intensity of depression (BDI-II) and intensity of chronic pain (BPI-1), and its interference on the level of daily functioning (BPI-2) (P < 0.01). Women diagnosed with MDD experienced chronic pain of higher intensity and with greater interference on daily functioning.ConclusionOur research data show a high frequency of chronic pain among patients diagnosed with MDD and its positive inter-correlation which results in negative impact on daily functioning, especially in females.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A Study on Hedonic Using Motivation and Diffusion of Social Network Service

Social network services(SNSs) have been adopted and diffused by a variety of individuals and organizations across a broad array of society in economy, politics, and culture. Given the increasing importance of SNSs, this study identifies a consumer`s hedonic SNSs using motivation as a key factor for the unprecedented intensity and speed of SNSs adoption and diffusion. A structural equation model is developed by including ten constructs and tested their relations among SNSs users. It is expected that the SNS engagement, caused by hedonic motivation of SNS, lead to intensive adoptions and the consequent dispersal of the adoptions by the users, in order to maximize their hedonic experiences, lead to SNS commitment. The authors discuss the implications of the findings for theory and practice.

Calibration of saturation absorption imaging of ultracold atom clouds

We describe an experimental method to calibrate an absorption imaging system for ultracold atom clouds. Optical density profiles of an atom cloud are obtained for various probe beam intensities and are analyzed to determine the correction factor for the effective probe beam intensity directly from saturation effects. We find that the temporal shape of the probe-beam pulse needs to be taken into account for a quantitative analysis of the optical density measured in saturation absorption imaging. We show that this pulse-shape effect can lead to distortion of the density profile due to its nonlinear dependence on the optical depth.

Job search behaviors among African‐Americans

PurposeResearch suggests that both internal and external resources are important in determining the level and intensity of job search behaviors among unemployed individuals. Specifically, an external resource, social support, and an internal resource, self‐efficacy, can have positive, facilitative effects on job search efforts. While these relationships are well‐established, the psychological mechanisms that explain the link between these resources and job search behaviors are unclear. This paper aims to explore positive coping and distancing as potential mediators of this linkage in an African‐American sample.Design/methodology/approachParticipants responded to a survey containing the variables of interest at two job fairs in the Southeastern USA (n=223). Of participants, 70 percent were female and the average age was 39. In total, 37 percent of respondents had an undergraduate degree or a more advanced degree, and the average length of unemployment was 9.9 months.FindingsResults suggest that the effects of both social support and self‐efficacy on job searches may be due to their impact on positive coping behaviors, which in turn are significantly related to increased search behaviors. Thus, positive coping had a consistent mediational role in explaining how higher levels of social support and more favorable levels of self‐efficacy enhance the intensity of two forms of job search behaviors. Distancing coping had a less significant and less consistent role as a mediator.Practical implicationsThis suggests that interventions meant to enhance self‐efficacy and social support of job seekers may have positive effects on actively applying for jobs and on enlisting the help of others in finding jobs among African‐Americans, as well as on the positive coping skills of the unemployed. Interventions should strive to increase these resources while simultaneously providing realistic expectations regarding the probability of finding a job well‐suited for the job seeker. This argues for the potential effectiveness of individually formulated plans for securing employment.Originality/valueThe paper emphasizes the importance of coping strategies used by unemployed individuals as a factor in job search intensity.

Is primary tumor volume still a prognostic factor in intensity modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Background and purposeTo evaluate the prognostic value of gross primary tumor volume (GTV-P) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods and materialsA total of 694 nonmetastatic and histologically proven NPC patients who underwent IMRT were retrospectively reviewed. Samples were split randomly into a training set (n=232) and a test set (n=462) to analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to identify the cut-off point and test the prognostic validity of the GTV-P. The correlations between GTV-P and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) disease stages were also analyzed. ResultsThe 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), local relapse-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates for NPC patients with GTV-P<19 vs. ⩾19ml were 94.9% vs. 64.8%, 97.0% vs. 76.4%, 98.2% vs. 92.5% and 97.1% vs. 75.2%, respectively (all P<0.05) in all patients. Multivariate analysis indicated GTV-P was an independent prognostic factor. The ROC curve verified that the predictive ability of T classifications was improved when combined with GTV-P (P<0.001). ConclusionsGTV-P is an independent prognostic indicator for treatment outcome after IMRT, and significantly improves the prognostic validity of T classifications in NPC.