Factors Of Hepatitis Research Articles

Prognostic factors in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing nucleoside analog antiviral therapy

In the present era of entecavir (ETV) use for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the prognostic factors in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prognostic factors in patients with HBV-related HCC treated with ETV who underwent curative therapy. A total of 74 HBV-related HCC patients treated with ETV who underwent curative therapy were analyzed. Predictive factors associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were examined using univariate and multivariate analysis. Our study population included 49 males and 25 females with a median age of 62 years. The median observation period was 3.4 years (range, 0.2–11.5 years). The 1-, 3- and 5-year cumulative OS rates were 100, 89.8 and 89.8%, respectively. The corresponding RFS rates were 82.8, 52.1 and 25.6%, respectively. In this study, 73 patients (98.6%) achieved an HBV DNA level of <400 copies/ml during the follow-up period. No viral breakthrough hepatitis, as defined by 1 log increase from nadir, was observed during ETV therapy. According to multivariate analysis, only hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity was significantly associated with OS [hazard ratio (HR), 0.058; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.005–0.645; P=0.020)], whereas HCC stage (HR, 0.359; 95% CI, 0.150–0.859; P=0.021), HBeAg positivity (HR, 0.202; 95% CI, 0.088–0.463; P<0.001) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase ≥50 IU/l (HR, 0.340; 95% CI, 0.152–0.760; P=0.009) were significant predictive factors linked to RFS. In conclusion, HBeAg positivity was significantly associated with OS and RFS in HBV-related HCC patients treated with ETV who underwent curative therapy. In such patients, close observation is required, even after curative therapy for HCC.

Hepatitis B and C Viruses incidence, the Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, is low in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Aim: Risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatitis B (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are well known. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections in blood donors at Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia Methods: The study was conducted on random blood samples collected from healthy blood donor volunteers, who were referred to Blood Transfusion Centers found at Aseer region, during the period March 2012 to February 2013. All the collected blood units were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBc, HCV, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) I/II, venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and malaria. All donated blood were checked for HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA and HIV-RNA by nucleic acid test (NAT) technology. Results: Of 7267 (26 (0.36%) females and 7241 (99.64) males) blood donors screened, with median age of 28 (female) and 30 years (males), 71 (0.98%) were HBsAg positive of them 66 (0.91) were positive to HBV-DNA, 449 (6.18%) were anti-HBc positive of them 78 (1.07%) were positive to HBV-DNA. Cases positive to both HBsAg and HBc-Ab were 69 (0.95%) all of them were positive to HBV-DNA. There were 5 (0.069%) cases positive for HCV, none of them showed mixed infection with HVB. All positive cases for HBsAg, HBc-Ab and HCV were shown to be among male volunteers. Conclusion: Prevalence of HCV in Asser region is very low. In the time that HBsAg is low, prevalence of HBcAb is relatively moderate. Expected incidence of heptatocellular carcinoma due to infection with HCV is much lower than HBV.

PREVALENCE OF RISK FACTORS FOR HEPATITIS C AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: a population-based study in southern Brazil

The hepatitis C is a severe public health problem worldwide because its consequences. Studies which aim at determining the prevalence of risk factors are really important to understand the problem. To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with some risk factors for the disease in a community, called Restinga, located in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. This paper is based on a population-based cross-sectional study, with systematic sampling and proportional to the size of census tracts in which 3,391 adults answered a standardized questionnaire. The prevalence of blood transfusion among the people who were interviewed was 14.98%, 60.83% of those had it before 1993. A total of 16.16% of the people had a tattoo, 7.23% wore a piercing, 1.09% said they had already injected illicit drugs and 12.39% reported previous hospitalization. Prevalence ratios showed that tattoos were more common among young people, piercings among women and illicit drugs among men. To summarize, the recognition of risk factors for hepatitis C enables proper screening of possible carriers of the hepatitis C virus, thus enabling a reduction in virus shedding. However, being only possible if health services are prepared to deal with hepatitis C virus, through education and public awareness.

P289: Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis c virus infection in chronic hemodialysis patients at the university teaching hospital of point g, Bamako, Mali

The objective of this prospective study conducted in November 2008, was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection in chronic hemodialysis patients. The study was carried out in the hemodialysis unit of the university teaching hospital of Point G. Serum samples were tested for anti-HCV antibody, anti-HIV antibody and HBs Ag using enzyme immunoassay methods (ELISA) at the laboratory of immunology of the National Blood Transfusion Service of Bamako. The following parameters were assessed: initial nephropathy, duration of the dialysis, history of blood transfusion, number of blood units transfused since the beginning of the dialysis, history of nosocomial exposure. A total of 66 patients were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 42,27±14, 8 years, with a male to female sex-ratio of 1,44. Anti-HCV antibodies were found in 13 chronic hemodialysis patients, leading to a prevalence of 19,7%. A significant association was found between the bearing of HCV and the duration of the dialysis. These results indicate that hepatitis C is frequent in the chronic hemodialysis patients of the university teaching hospital of Point G, and that the duration of dialysis constitutes the main factor associated with the contamination by the HCV.

Prevalence of HBs Ag among blood donors in Transfusion Center, Abidjan (Ivory Coast)

Aim: To study the prevalence of HBsAg among persons without risk factors for hepatitis B. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study (28 January to 31 December 2010) about 4310 new volunteers blood donors consecutively recruited. Among all, a risk factor for hepatitis B was investigated (standardized questionnaire and clinical examination). Blood of all blood donors without risk factors of hepatitis B (n = 3823) were systematically collected for HBsAg, hepatitis C antibody, syphilis serology and human immunodeficiency virus serology. The blood was analyzed with a third generation ELISA (Abbott Murex). Results: HBsAg was positive in 179 persons (4.68% [95% CI 4% - 5%]). It was associated with hepatitis C antibodies (0.28% (n = 11)), syphilis antibodies (0.68% (n = 26)) or anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies (0.2% (n = 8)). In multivariate analysis, age 30 to 39 years (1.545 [95% CI 1.074 to 2.222]), male sex (2.426 [95% CI 1.550 to 3.799]) and positive syphilis serology (14.344 [95% CI 5.161 to 39.865]) were associated with presence of HBsAg. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg among adult without risk factors for hepatitis B was not negligible. Also, it is essential to maintain routine screening before any vaccination against hepatitis B in adult. Our study is not for an immunization against hepatitis B only targeting risk populations in adult.

Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Viruses among Patients Admitted in Surgical Departments at Al-Thawra Hospital , Sana'a , Yemen

Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Viruses among Patients Admitted in Surgical Departments at Al-Thawra Hospital , Sana'a , Yemen

Application of Zero-Inflated Poisson Mixed Models in Prognostic Factors of Hepatitis C

Background and Objectives. In recent years, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a major public health problem. Evaluation of risk factors is one of the solutions which help protect people from the infection. This study aims to employ zero-inflated Poisson mixed models to evaluate prognostic factors of hepatitis C. Methods. The data was collected from a longitudinal study during 2005–2010. First, mixed Poisson regression (PR) model was fitted to the data. Then, a mixed zero-inflated Poisson model was fitted with compound Poisson random effects. For evaluating the performance of the proposed mixed model, standard errors of estimators were compared. Results. The results obtained from mixed PR showed that genotype 3 and treatment protocol were statistically significant. Results of zero-inflated Poisson mixed model showed that age, sex, genotypes 2 and 3, the treatment protocol, and having risk factors had significant effects on viral load of HCV patients. Of these two models, the estimators of zero-inflated Poisson mixed model had the minimum standard errors. Conclusions. The results showed that a mixed zero-inflated Poisson model was the almost best fit. The proposed model can capture serial dependence, additional overdispersion, and excess zeros in the longitudinal count data.

Prognostic factors in hepatitis C patients with a single small hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation.

Hepatitis C is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely performed as a curative treatment for small HCC. The knowledge of prognostic factors in hepatitis C patients with small HCC after RFA is therefore important. One hundred consecutive hepatitis C patients with a single HCC3cm or less treated with RFA were enrolled. The cumulative recurrence and survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Prognostic factors were investigated using the Cox proportional hazard mod-el. Five-year local and distant intra hepatic recurrence rates were 10.4% and 70.9%, respectively. Five-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were 60.3% and 15.9%, respectively. Multivarlate analysis revealed that an age of 75 years or more[relative hazard (RH) 1.61, p=0.019] and a serum al-bumin level less than 3.5g/dL (RH 1.61, p=0.016)were significant factors for decreased overall survival. Furthermore, a serum albumin level less than 3.5g/dL (RH 1.50, p=0.003) was the only significant factor for decreased recurrence-free survival. This study suggests that host-related factors (age and serum albumin level) are important in predicting survival in hepatitis C patients with a single small HCC af-ter RFA.

Prognostic Factors in Hepatitis C Patients with a Single Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Radiofrequency Ablation

Prognostic Factors in Hepatitis C Patients with a Single Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Radiofrequency Ablation

Clinical significance of connective tissue growth factor in hepatitis B virus-induced hepatic fibrosis

To determine the utility of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) for assessing hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced chronic liver diseases (CLD-B). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure CCN2 in sera from 107 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 39 patients with HBV-induced active liver cirrhosis and 30 healthy individuals. Liver samples from 31 patients with CHB, 8 patients with HBV-induced liver cirrhosis and 8 HBV carriers with normal liver histology were examined for transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1) or CCN2 mRNA levels by in situ hybridization, and computer image analysis was performed to measure integrated optimal density (IOD) of CCN2 mRNA-positive cells in liver tissues. Histological inflammation grading and fibrosis staging were evaluated by H and E staining and Van Gieson's method. Serum CCN2 concentrations were, respectively, 4.0- or 4.9-fold higher in patients with CHB or active liver cirrhosis as compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.01). There was good consistency between the levels of CCN2 in sera and CCN2 mRNA expression in liver tissues (r = 0.87, P < 0.01). The levels of CCN2 in sera were increased with the enhancement of histological fibrosis staging in patients with CLD-B (r = 0.85, P < 0.01). Serum CCN2 was a reliable marker for the assessment of liver fibrosis, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) of 0.94 or 0.85 for, respectively, distinguishing normal liver controls from patients with F1 stage liver fibrosis or discriminating between mild and significant fibrosis. Detection of serum CCN2 in patients with CLD-B may have clinical significance for assessment of severity of hepatic fibrosis.

Investigation about the quantity of reduction the generation time of Cl. novyi (type B) vaccinal strain bacteria (infectious necrotic Hepatitis factor), with increasing various quantity of vitamin solution to culture

Investigation about the quantity of reduction the generation time of Cl. novyi (type B) vaccinal strain bacteria (infectious necrotic Hepatitis factor), with increasing various quantity of vitamin solution to culture

Role of sociocultural factors in hepatitis B screening among Asian Americans.

To apply the proposed Sociocultural Health Behavior Model to determine association of factors related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening among Asian Americans. A cross-sectional design of 1312 Asian men and women 18 years and older. The frequency distribution analysis and chi square analysis were used for the initial screening of the following variables: access/satisfaction with health care, enabling, predisposing, cultural, and health belief factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on factors for HBV screening using logistic regression analysis. Correlates to HBV screening included demographics, cultural factors, enabling factors, and family/social support factors. Enabling factors were more likely to be associated with HBV screening. The model highlights the role sociocultural factors play in HBV screening. Findings reinforce the need for HBV screening programs and indicate programs could be more effective if they included these components and were sensitive to ethnic and cultural factors.

PP-231 Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B and C among the barbers and their regular clients in Hyderabad, Pakistan

PP-231 Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B and C among the barbers and their regular clients in Hyderabad, Pakistan

PP-142 Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in the rural area of Jilin China: A cross-sectional population-based survey

PP-142 Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in the rural area of Jilin China: A cross-sectional population-based survey

Prevalence and predisposing factors for hepatitis C virus in haemodialysis unit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre

Haemodialysis patients are at risk of infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV), suggestive of nosocomial spread. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of HCV infection and evidence of outbreak among haemodialysis patients.

Study of hepatitis B and C prevalence and adherence to standards of biosecurity on manicures and/or pedicures in Brazil

The habit of removing the nails cuticles of hands and feet is a typical cultural practice in Brazil and can be an important factor for hepatitis B and C infection. We conducted a seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis B and C in professional manicures/pedicures in salons in Sao Paulo - Brazil, with the aim of estimating the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and HCV infection on manicures/pedicures; get to know the information level of that have about transmission routes and Prevention of Hepatitis B and C, evaluate the perception degree of risk exposure accidental infectious agents and check the use of biosafety norms in the work routine of these professionals.

Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT

Patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection who have persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels (PNALT) have mild inflammation and fibrosis in comparison to those with elevated ALT levels. The cellular immune responses to HCV are mainly responsible for viral clearance and the disease pathogenesis during infection. However, since the innate and adaptive immune systems are suppressed by various kinds of mechanisms in CHC patients, the immunopathogenesis of CHC patients with PNALT is still unclear. In this review, we summarize the representative reports about the immune suppression in CHC to better understand the immunopathogenesis of PNALT. Then, we summarize and speculate on the immunological aspects of PNALT including innate and adaptive immune systems and genetic polymorphisms of HLA and cytokines.

Genotypic variability and risk factors of hepatitis B virus in Western Siberia

In the study were included one group of acute hepatitis patients (1043 persons) of Barnaul's city hospital and four groups (500 persons in each group) of Novosibirsk’s oblast inhabitants: medical staff, patients drug abuse clinic, AIDS center’s patients, clinic patients applied for any disease. The frequency of HBsAg was: 3.6% in group of polyclinic patients, 5.4% of medical workers, 8.4% among drug abuse clinic’s patients, 35% of AIDS center’s patients and 36.5% of Barnaul’s patients. Genotypes distribution was as follows: Novosibirsk oblast - 168 isolates of genotype D, 3 isolates of genotype A and genotype 2 isolates – C. In Barnaul: genotype D - 72 isolates, genotype A - 1. In the groups of Novosibirsk oblast the highest risk to be infected revealed for drug users (OR = 6.75). The risk of seropositivity was increased among respondents who had more than 4 sexual partners during lifetime (OR = 2.23); who had sex with HBV patients (OR = 2.12); who spent at least one night at prison (OR=2.58). Risk factors also found for men (OR=1.85) and young people (OR=1.79) as those who are more inclined to risky behavior. The biggest risk factors in Barnaul were found among men who have sex with men (OR=8.79), person with >2 sexual partners in last 6 month especially in women (OR=5.15), those who >30 years (OR=4.51). High risk had person who had contacts with blood (OR=4.05). In Novosibirsk and Barnaul different medical operations such as surgery, blood transfusion, overall anesthesia weren't show itself as risk factors.

Risk factors and clinical presentation of hepatitis C virus infection in Nigerians with chronic liver disease

Chronic liver disease is becoming a major public health problem in Nigeria and hepatitis C virus is becoming a significant causative factor in its aetiology worldwide and in Nigeria. We determined the risk factors and clinical presentation of hepatitis C virus infection in Nigerians with chronic liver disease. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered in order to determine the risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection and a physical examination was carried out in order to determine the clinical presentation. Ninety patients with clinical, biochemical and sonographic evidence of chronic liver disease and 85 controls without liver disease were studied. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 14.4% and 2.4% of patients and controls, respectively (P < 0.05). The main risk factors were scarification, traditional surgery and blood transfusion. Ascites, jaundice, pedal swelling, abdominal distension, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain and splenomegaly were the main presentations.

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in former Brazilian soccer players

We evaluated the occurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 97 former soccer players who played in Recife, Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s, and analysed the risk factors for infection, such as history of transfusions, surgery, tattoos, piercings, and the use of illicit drugs or injectable vitamin complexes. Immunochromatographic testing was performed to detect anti-HCV antibodies. All former soccer players were men (mean age 59·2 years), of whom 62 (64%) and 35 (36%) were classified as amateurs and professionals, respectively. Seven (7·2%) tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies; three (4·8%) were amateurs, and four (11·4%) were professionals. In univariate analysis, transfusion, surgery, and use of injectable vitamin complexes were associated with HCV infection, while in multivariate analysis, only the use of injectable vitamin complexes was related (P=0·0005). We observed a high frequency of HCV infection in former soccer players, especially in professionals who used injectable vitamin complexes.