Factor C Research Articles

Clinical efficacy of radical rectal cancer surgery combined with irradiation in treatment of rectal cancer and its effect on angiogenesis and survival rate

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of radical surgery combined with irradiation in the treatment of rectal cancer and its effect on the angiogenesis and survival rate. Methods A total of 200 colorectal cancer patients admitted to Zhengzhou Central Hospital from March, 2014 to March, 2015 were recruited and divided into the observation group (n=105) and control group (n=95) by using random number table method. In the control group, radical surgery was performed, and radical surgery combined with irradiation was conducted in the observation group. The clinical efficacy, the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) were statistically compared between the control and observation groups. The changes of the microvascular morphology and microvessel density (MVD) in the rectal cancer tissues were observed and recorded. The 3-year survival rate was calculated during postoperative follow-up. Results After corresponding treatment, the clinical overall response rate was 86.67% in the observation group, and 70.53% in the control group (P>0.05). The 2-year survival rate did not significantly differ between two groups (P>0.05). The 3-year survival rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of VEGF-C and PGE2 were significantly improved in two groups (both P<0.05). In the observation group, the serum levels of VEGF-C and PGE2 were significantly lower compared with those in the control group (both P<0.05). The microvessel morphology in the cancer tissues remarkably differed between two groups. The microvessel diameter did not significantly differ, whereas the lumen diameter in the observation group was significantly smaller than that in the control group. The MVD in the observation group was 12.25±3.35, significantly lower than 28.14±17.26 in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Radical surgery combined with irradiation is an efficacious treatment of rectal cancer, which can effectively improve the serum levels of VEGF-C and PGE2, decrease the MVD, reduce the lumen diameter in the cancer tissues, lower the angiogenesis in rectal cancer and enhance the survival rate, which deserves widespread application in clinical practice. Key words: Rectal neoplasms/surgery; Rectal neoplasms/radiotherapy; Treatment outcome; Angiogenesis

Effects of different seed treatments, provenance and size on germination and early establishment of Olea europaea

Knowledge and understanding of the factors affecting germination and growth of tree species is of paramount importance for enhancing the efforts towards afforestation. Hence, the prime objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of seed treatment methods, provenance and size on germination and early nursery performance of Olea europaea. The experiment was arranged in a factorial combination and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Factor A was seed treatment methods (soaking in three levels of hot water, soaking in four levels of concentrated H2SO4, heating with fire, de-coating and control). Factor B was two seed provenances and factor C was two seed size classes. Interaction of seed size and provenance had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on all parameters. Different seed soaking method showed highly significant difference (p < 0.01) in all parameters. Seed de-coating had maximum value for all parameters but seeds treated with fire had lowest value. Hence, the germination percentages under nursery condition were 85.8 and 2.5% for de-coated and fire treated seeds, respectively. It was concluded that seeds from both provenances and seed size class germinated and were established equally; de-coating improved germination and early nursery performance; whereas, fire affected germination and early nursery performance negatively. Seed de-coating has to be done widely for the improvement of germination and early establishment of Olea europaea and further research is needed on the use of fire for breaking dormancy. Key words: Dormancy, germination, Olea europaea, provenance, seed treatment, seed.

The expression of anterior gradient-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C in prostate cancer and clinical data

The expression of anterior gradient-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C in prostate cancer and clinical data

Clinical value of the VEGF-C and VEGF-R3 in peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGF-R3) in peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer and the pathological characteristics, and to assess the ability to evaluate lymphatic and distant metastasis of the two marks. Methods VEGF-C and VEGF-R3 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 124 patients with lung cancer and 30 normal controls, and used to analyze the relationship with the pathological characteristics of lung cancer. Results The serum levels [M(QR)] of VEGF-C and VEGF-R3 in patients with lung cancer were 283.57 (120.70) pg/ml and 62.72 (43.02) ng/ml, significantly higher than the control whose VEGF-C and VEGF-R3 were 234.62 (129.20) ng/ml and 43.08 (17.07) pg/ml, respectively (Z=-2.840, P=0.005; Z=-3.834, P<0.001). No correlation was found between the expression of VEGF-C and age, sex, primary tumor site, T stage (Z=-0.949, P=0.343; Z=-0.454, P=0.649; Z=-1.168, P=0.243; Z=-1.694, P=0. 090). But the expression of VEGF-C was significantly related with pathologic type, N stage and M stage (χ2=8.829, P=0.012; χ2=27.148, P<0.001; Z=-2.221, P=0.026). However, the expression of VEGF-R3 was not correlated with age, sex, the site of the primary lesion, pathological type and T, N, M stage (Z=-0.558, P=0.577; Z=-0.599, P=0.549; Z=-0.703, P=0.482; χ2=1.166, P=0.558; Z=-0.680, P=0.496; χ2=0.353, P=0.950; Z=-1.523, P=0.128). Conclusion The expressions of VEGF-C and VEGF-R3 in patients with lung cancer are higher than those in normal control, and the expression of VEGF-C is related with patho-logic type, N stage and M stage. The detection of VEGF-C in peripheral blood of lung cancer is expected to be an assistant marker for the evaluation of lymph node metastasis and blood metastasis, but VEGF-R3 does not show its value. Key words: Lung neoplasms; Vascular endothelial growth factor C; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3; Neoplasm metastasis

Effect of bladder instillation of drugs on postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer

Objective To compare and analyze the Brucea javanica oil emulsion, hydroxy camptothecin bladder perfusion of recurrence after operation of superficial bladder cancer. Methods 80 cases with superficial bladder cancer were randomly divided into group A and group B(n=40). Group A received intravesical instillation of Brucea javanica oil emulsion, group B received intravesical instillation of hydroxycamptothecin.The serum tumor marker levels were compared between two groups, and the recurrence rate and adverse reactions in the two groups were observed. Results At 1 day before operation, postoperative 7d, the serum Dickkopf-1(DKK-1), Dickkopf-2(DKK-2), Dickkopf-3(DKK-3), Dickkopf-4(DKK-4), vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor B(VEGFB), vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGFC) of the two groups had no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). Postoperative 6 months, the serum levels of DKK-1, DKK-2, DKK-3, DKK-4, VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC in group A were (20.62±2.84)g/L, (29.15±6.32)g/L, (18.66±4.53)g/L, (32.34±6.42)g/L, (80.72±9.16)g/L, (60.43±16.73)g/L, (70.31±8.41)g/L, respectively, which were lower than those of group B [(27.42±3.76)g/L, (38.16±4.34)g/L, (30.37±5.35)g/L, (47.26±7.72)g/L, (146.31±12.44)g/L, (83.14.14.07) g/L, (91.58±7.82)g/L, respectively, t=-2.92, -2.58, -2.82, -2.41, -2.80, -2.75, -2.70, all P<0.01]. The recurrence rate of group A was 7.5%(3/40), which was significantly lower than 15.0%(6/40) of group B(6/40)(χ2=6.11, P <0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions of group A was 12.5%, which was significantly lower than 27.5% of the control group(χ2=5.46, P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with hydroxyl camptothecine vesical perfusion, the effect of intravesical instillation of Brucea javanica oil emulsion in preventing the postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer is more significant, can effectively reduce the levels of serum tumor marker, with less adverse reactions, it is worth application and promotion. Key words: Urinary bladder neoplasms; Brucea javanica; Hydroxycamptothecin; Chemotherapy, cancer, regional perfusion; Recurrence

Gemcitabine induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma through CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC chemokine receptor 4 axis

Objective To explore the effect of gemcitabine (GEM) in cholangicocarcinoma cells on metastatic potential and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis. Methods The in vitro model was established using stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1, 100 mg/ml) to activate the expression of CXCL12/CXCR4 biological axis in cholangicocarcinoma cells with a high CXCR4 expression. The proliferation rate was measured by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) method. Cholangicocarcinoma RBE cells were divided into control group and GEM group. Transwell chamber was used to observe the invasion and metastasis of the cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was applied to detect the CXCR4, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of CXCR4 and its downstream invasion and EMT related factors vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, N-cadherin and E-cadherin. Results The cell survival rate in GEM group was significantly decreased (76.65%, 71.40%, and 52.25%; P<0.05). GEM promoted metastasis potential ability of cells (282.00±3.45 vs. 168.00±2.49), and promoted the overexpression of CXCR4 protein (0.965±0.163, 1.895±0.191, 3.975±0.120, 3.355±0.163, 3.572±0.198 and 6.154±0.113) in and mRNA (1.021±0.210, 2.442±0.556, 2.774±0.146, 2.961±0.275, 3.279±0.228 and 5.010±0.826), and also promoted the ability of metastasis [VEGF-C (3.250±0.212 vs. 1.025±0.318), MMP-9 (1.980±0.212 vs. 1.025±0.318)] and EMT [N-cadherin (2.162±0.254 vs. 1.025±0.318), E-cadherin (0.430±0.154 vs. 1.025±0.318), P<0.05]. Conclusion GEM may induce metastasis and EMT in cholangiocarcinoma through CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Key words: Gemcitabine; Cholangiocarcinoma; CXC chemokine receptor 4; CXC chemokine ligand 12; Epithelial-mesenchymal transtion; Metastasis

Detection and analysis of platelet-derived growth factor-c and vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular aqueous humor with neovascular glaucoma

Background Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a serious eye disease with a variety of causes.It results from the secretion of growth factors by hypoxic retinal tissue, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but anti-VEGF treatment alone dose not completely inhibit neovascularization.Our previous study found that platelet-derived growth factor-c (PDGF-C) is also an important factor in pathological angiogenesis.However, the role of PDGF-C in the development of NVG remains unknown. Objective This study was to quantitatively detect the levels of VEGF and PDGF-C in the aqueous humor of patients with NVG and provide a basis for the anti-angiogenesis therapy. Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out.Sixty-two eyes of 62 patients with advanced NVG and 11 control subjects with age related cataract were included in Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University from January 2014 to August 2015.Ten of 62 NVG eyes received retinal photocoagulation and/or cryotherapy, and 16 eyes resulted from central retinal vein occlusion, 20 eyes from diabetic retinopathy, 5 eyes from postopeartion of retinal detachment, 4 eyes from Eales disease and 7 eyes from unknown cause.Iris neovascularization of grade Ⅱ was found in 13 eyes, grade Ⅲ in 29 eyes and grade Ⅳ in 10 eyes.Aqueous humor specimen was collected for 0.1-0.2 ml during the surgery, and the contents of VEGF and PDGF-C in the aqueous humor were detected by ELISA assay.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical procedure. Results The VEGF and PDGF-C concentrations in the aqueous humor were (1 138.17±69.31)ng/L and (29.80±1.64)ng/L in the NVG group, respectively, which were significantly higher than (679.54±49.81)ng/L and (18.60±1.85)ng/L in the control subjects (t=20.95, 20.49, both at P 0.05). Conclusions Both VEGF and PDGF-C contents in the aqueous humour are considerably elevated in NVG patients.Retinal photocoagulation and/or cryotherapy can inhibit the release of VEGF and PDGF-C in the aqueous humor.PDGF-C may be a target for the treatment of NVG. Key words: Glaucoma, neovascular; Vascular diseases/complications; Cytokines/metabolism; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Platelet-derived growth factor-c; Aqueous humor/metabolism; ELISA; Human

The relationship among the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and its receptor and the cervical cancer growth and lymph node metastasis

Objective To study the relationship between the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (KDR) in cervical carcinoma and the formation of cervical cancer and lymph node metastasis. Methods We selected 72 cervical carcinoma tissues, their corresponding adjacent tissues and 36 normal cervical tissues which have been resected in the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Baoji of Shaanxi Province from January 2010 to December 2013. The mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF-C and KDR were examined by semi-quantitative PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in these tissues. The relationships between the expressions of VEGF-C and KDR and the formation of cervical cancer and lymph node metastasis were analyzed. Results The mRNA levels of VEGF-C in 72 cases of cervical cancer tissues and its corresponding adjacent tissues were 4.67±1.05 and 2.02±0.65, which were significantly higher than those in normal cervical tissues (0.36±0.06), with significant differences (t=2.247, P=0.025; t=1.379, P=0.027). The protein levels of VEGF-C in 72 cases of cervical cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues were 68.30±17.10 and 48.20±12.70, which were significantly higher than those in normal cervical tissues (18.40±10.70), with significant differences (t=4.357, P=0.016; t=6.337, P=0.012). The mRNA levels of KDR in 72 cases of cervical cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues were 3.52±0.95 and 1.92±0.87, which were significantly higher than those in normal cervical tissues (0.72±0.36), with significant differences (t=3.127, P=0.023; t=1.214, P=0.028). The protein levels of KDR in 72 cases of cervical cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues were 47.20±15.60 and 38.60±11.30, which were significantly higher than those in normal cervical tissues (16.40±9.40), with significant differences (t=3.667, P=0.020; t=0.986, P=0.032). The expression level of VEGF-C protein in 72 cases of cervical cancer tissues was not correlated with age (χ2=0.54, P=0.17), tissue type (χ2=0.34, P=0.25), depth of invasion (χ2=5.39, P=0.08), pathological grade (χ2=0.78, P=0.11), but was correlated with tumor size (χ2=22.34, P=0.02), clinical stage (χ2=32.14, P=0.01) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=15.58, P=0.03). The expression level of its receptor KDR was correlated with tumor size (χ2=13.78, P=0.04), tissue type (χ2=32.74, P=0.01), pathological grade (χ2=13.72, P=0.04), depth of invasion (χ2=10.27, P=0.04), clinical staging (χ2=20.25, P=0.02) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=19.52, P=0.02), but was not correlated with age (χ2=4.17, P=0.09). Conclusion The expression levels of VEGF-C and KDR are correlated with the growth, invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer, which are good indicators of the lymph node metastasis. Key words: Uterine cervical neoplasms; Lymphatic metastasis; Vascular endothelial growth factor C

Vascular endothelial factor C and E-cadherin relationship with the invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial factor C(VEGF-C) and E-cadherin in gastric cancer and explore the relationship between expression of VEGF-C and E-cadherin and the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Methods Real-time quantitative reverse ranscriptase-polymerase chain rection was applied on 40 cases of gastric cancer and corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues, in order to detect mRNA expression of VEGF-C and E-cadherin gene.VEGF-C and E-cadherin protein expression in gastric cancer and adjacent normal gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry.Statistical analysis was carried out to analyze the correlation among VEGF-C, E-cadherin and protein expression with various clinical parameters in these gastric cancer patients. Results The expression of VEGF-C protein in 40 cases of gastric cancer's cancer tissues was 0.461±0.012, significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues(0.036+ 0.023; t=1.101, P<0.05), but E-cadherin expression was significantly lower than that of the adjacent normal tissues(0.079±0.002 vs. 0.321±0.005; t=1.844, P<0.05). There was correlation between VEGF-C mRNA expression with histological grading, TNM staging, lymph node and distant metastasis (t=-1.621, -1.474, -2.378, -1.966, P<0.05). There was correlation between E-cadherin mRNA expression with tumor size, histological grading, TNM stage, there was a significant difference(t=1.875, 1.673, 1.544, P<0.05). VEGF-C and E-cadherin protein expression was negatively correlated(r=-0.688, P<0.05). Conclusion Up-regulated of VEGF-C gene and decreased expression of E-cadherin may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer Key words: Gastric cancer; Vascular endothelial factor C; E-cadherin

Expression of CD147, vascular endothelial growth factor C in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and their clinical significances

Objective To discuss the relationships between expression levels of CD147 and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and the clinicopathological features. Methods The expression of CD147 and VEGF-C in 57 lung cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results The positive expression rates of CD147 and VEGF-C in 57 lung cancer tissues were 63.16 % (36/57), 66.67 % (38/57) respectively. The expression of CD147 and VEGF-C in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma had no statistical difference (both P > 0.05). The expression of CD147 and VEGF-C in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma had relationship with lymph node metastasis and tumor TNM stage (all P 0.05). The expression of CD147 was related positively with VEGF-C (P < 0.01). Conclusions CD147 and VEGF-C play important roles in the progression and metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, which may have a synergistic effect. The joint detection of CD147 and VEGF-C can be used as a useful prognostic indicator in patients with lung cancer. Key words: Lung neoplasms; Immunohistochemistry; CD147; Vascular endothelial growth factor C

Effects of curcumin combined with cisplatin on growth and lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer xeno-grafts in nude mice

Objective To analyze the effects of curcumin combined with cisplatin on the growth and lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer xenografts in nude mice. Methods The human cervical carcinoma Caski cells xenotransplanted tumor models were established. Inoculated mice were randomly divided into 4 groups according to random number table: control (normal saline 10 ml/kg), Cur (curcumin 100 mg/kg), Cis (cisplatin 3 mg/kg) and Cur+ Cis group (100 mg/kg curcumin+ 3 mg/kg cisplatin). The tumor volume and anti-tumor rate were calculated. The mRNA levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The inhibitory rates of Cur group, Cis group and Cur+ Cis group were 40.8%, 53.3% and 60.0%. After 15 days treatment, the tumor volumes of the control group, Cur group, Cis group and Cur+ Cis group were (123.44±35.62), (71.72±28.36), (65.47±18.32), (53.44±10.79)mm3. The growth rates of tumor volume in Cur group, Cis group and Cur+ Cis group were slower, Cur+ Cis group could more effectively inhibit tumor volume growth. The difference among the four groups had statistically signi-ficance (F=16.890, P=0.000). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR detection showed that compared with the control group (1.000), the MIF mRNA expressions in Cur group, Cis group and Cur+ Cis group were 0.322±0.094, 0.154±0.006 and 0.136±0.007, VEGF-C mRNA expressions in the three groups were 0.312±0.068, 0.263±0.072 and 0.221±0.041. The differences among groups had statistically significance (F=220.279, P=0.000; F=143.250, P=0.000). MIF mRNA was positively related with VEGF-C mRNA (r=0.815, P=0.001). Conclusion Curcumin combined with cisplatin can inhibit the growth of Carski cell xenografts in nude mice. Through the down-regulating expression of MIF mRNA and VEGF-C mRNA, cisplatin and curcumin can inhibit the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer, and it may be one of the important mechanisms of its anti-tumor effects. Key words: Curcumin; Uterine cervical neoplasms; Cisplatin; Vascular endothelial growth factor C; Macrophage migration inhibitory factor

High risk factors related to central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

In recent years, a large number of studies have found that central lymph node metastasis of the papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is significantly related with some risk factors. These high risk factors include age below 45 years old, BRAF gene mutation, vascular epithelial growth factor-C high expre-ssion, tumor diameter≥5 mm, multifocal and bilateral tumor, thyroid capsule invasion and so on. These high risk factors involve in disease process, and interact with each other. The studies of the high risk factors can help us to predict the risk of central lymph node metastasis in the patients with PTMC, thus to effectively guide the patients′ treatment. Key words: Thyroid neoplasms; Lymph nodes; Risk factors

Mobilization of lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells and lymphatic neovascularization in primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder charac- terized by chronic lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands leading to progressive functional impairment. Lympangiogenesis is a common finding in chronic inflamma- tory diseases; however, its role in pSS remains to be elucidated. Inflammation induces the production of growth factors for lymphatic vessels, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). Recent growing evidence indicates that bone marrowderived lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells (LEPCs) may differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells via VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling contributing to lymphangiogenesis. This study was designed to investigate the circulating levels of LEPCs and the occurrence of lymphangiogenesis in pSS. Pheripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 10 female pSS patients and 11 healthy females. LEPCs, defined as CD34+CD133+VEGFR-3+ cells, were identified by FACS using CD34-FITC, CD133-APC and VEGFR-3-PE antibodies. Results were expressed as percentage of CD133+VEGFR-3+ cells among CD34+ cells. Labial minor salivary gland (MSG) biop- sies were obtained from 12 female pSS patients and 16 sicca non-pSS control females. MSGs were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence for CD3/CD20 and CD21 to assess focus score, Tarpley biopsy score, T/B cell segregation and germi- nal center-like structures. Lymphatic vessels were identified by immunohistochemistry for podoplanin (D2-40), a mucin-type transmembrane protein expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells but not by blood vessels. VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 expression in MSGs was investigated by immunofluorescence. An average ten-fold increase in circulating levels of LEPCs was found in pSS (35.2±2.7%) compared with controls (3.4±0.8%) (p=0.0003). In control MSGs, lymphatic vessels were only detected around excretory ducts in the interlobular connective tissue. In pSS MSGs, the number of lymphatic vessels was increased around interlobular excretory ducts and a newly formed lymphatic capil lary network was found within inflammatory foci. A strong expression of VEGF-C was detected in ductal cells, vessels and inflammatory cells in pSS MSGs. VEGFR-3 expres- sion was observed in a subset of vessels and infiltrating mononuclear cells. Our find ings suggest that LEPC mobilization and MSG lymphatic vessel reorganization may take center stage in the chronic inflammatory process of pSS.

Intelligence structure and attention properties in children with three subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objective To investigate the intelligence structure and attention properties, and to explore the relationship between them in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder of the predominantly inattention type (ADHD-I), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI) and combined type (ADHD-C). Methods Children with ADHD-I (n=24), ADHD-HI(n=12) and ADHD-C (n=54) aged between 7-10 years were tested with Chinese Revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC) and integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT). Comparisons of cognitive profiles of C-WISC scores between subtypes of ADHD were performed. Additionally, the relationship between attention/response control quotients and cognitive profiles was investigated. Results (1) Intelligence structure: verbal intelligence (VIQ) of ADHD-HI (110.08±10.64) was higher than that of ADHD-C (101.13±13.20) and ADHD-I (94.71±11.11). Full scale intelligence quotient (FIQ) of ADHD-HI (104.33±9.63) was higher than that of ADHD-I (94.38±10.48). Factor A of ADHD-HI (45.75±7.14) and ADHD-C (41.41±8. 57) were higher than that of ADHD-I (36.67±6.72). Factor C of ADHD-HI(33.42±5.42) was higher than that of ADHD-C (29.24±5.26) and ADHD-I (29.13±5.39). (2) Attention properties: Full scale attention quotient of ADHD-C (90.26±11.67) was lower than that of ADHD-I (98.17±18.03) and ADHD-HI (99.25±15.58). Auditory attention quotient of ADHD-C (89.94±14.16) was lower than that of ADHD-I (99.00±18.66). (3) Relationship between intelligence and attention: the Pearson correlations of the auditory attention quotient and auditory control quotient with the PIQ were 0.24 and 0.29 respectively. The correlations of the visual attention quotient with the PIQ and FIQ were 0.21 and 0.25 respectively. The correlations of the full scale attention quotient with PIQ and FIQ were 0.27 and 0.24 respectively. Each of these correlations reached the level of significance at the 5% level. Conclusion Cognitive profile and attention properties analysis reveal that children with different subtypes of ADHD have distinct weakness in intelligence structure. The understanding of relationship between intelligence structure and attention properties in children with subtypes of ADHD is useful for ADHD diagnosis and treatment. Key words: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Intelligence; Attention; Subtypes

Correlation between vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptor with lymph node metastasis of lung cancer

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C),VEGF-D and VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their correlation with lymph node metastasis.Methods By using fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR,the expression of VEGF-C,VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 was detected in 96 patients with NSCLC.Results There was a significant correlation betwwen the positive expression of VEGF-C,VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 and lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of VEGF-C,VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 mRNA in lung cancer tissues were significantly higher than in normal tissues (P ＜0.01).in NSCLC,there was a positive correlation among VEGF-C,VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 mRNA expression.Conclusion VEGF-C,VEGF-D and VEGF-3 play an important role in the occurrence,development and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. Key words: Lung cancer; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Lymph node; Metastasis

The Effects of Some Technological Sequences and Environmental Factors on Plant Development and Yield of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.)

Normal 0 21 false false false RO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Abstract. Kale or Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala is not well known and cultivated in our country, so it could be considered a new vegetable or a very rare one. From the Brassicaceae group, kale is the most valuable in terms of nutrition. The therapeutic qualities of kale are recognized since antiquity by Hippocrates, Pliny the Elder, Cato the Elder, Galen. Kale was considered a panacea by the romans. (P A‚RVU C., 2005). Kale can be sown between 15 to 30 April or 1 to 15 June, depending on the time when they are to be harvested (C EAUșESCU I. et al., 1984; B UTNARIU H. et al., 1992; P A‚RVU C., 2005). Seedling planting is done in June until the first decade of July (I NDREA D. et al., 2009). A high density crop can be made by direct sowing using calibrated seeds in the amount of 12-15 kg / ha and small distances between rows (21-30 cm). The culture is established later (July-August) and is harvested in autumn, the product is intended for industry (V OGEL , 1996, quoted by I NDREA D. et al., 2009). The main purpose of this paper was to establish an optimal sowing date that ensures the highest yield, adapted to the specific environmental factors of Transylvania.The organized experience was tri-factorial, with factor A - planting period, factor B - hybrid and factor C - seedling type. All factors had two graduations, thus resulted 8 experimental variants. The first planting period was the second decade of May and the second period was the third decade of June. The hybrids used were F1 Winterbor and F1 Redbor and the seedlings, one part were transplanted and the other part were not transplanted.The crops from the first planting period achieved the best results. The conducted study concluded that kale is sensitive in the immediate period after planting in terms of environmental conditions, especially regarding the humidity and temperature. Thus, in regards to the environmental conditions of the Transylvanian Plateau, optimal planting period for kale is the third decade of April.

Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor C and collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 expression on prognosis of rectal carcinoma patients

To explore the relationship of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) expression with the carcinogenesis and prognosis of rectal cancer. Cancer tissue samples from 120 rectal cancer patients confirmed by pathology in the People's Hospital of Yichun City from September 2005 to September 2010 were included in the study. Expressions of CTHRC1 and VEGF-C were examined by immunohistochemistry and their correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed. The expression of VEGF-C was positively correlated with tumor size (r=0.943), TNM stages (r=0.784) and tumor differentiation (r=0.773) (all P<0.05). Similarly, the expression of CTRHC1 was also positively correlated with tumor size (r=0.829), TNM stages (r=0.632) and tumor differentiation (r=0.532) (all P<0.05). Rectal cancer patients with low expression of VEGF-C and CTHRC1 had significantly longer survival than those with high expression of VEGF-C and CTHRC1 [(40.0±1.3) vs. (35.4±0.5) months, P<0.01, (39.0±0.5) vs. (35.0±0.5) months, P=0.014]. VEGF-C and CTHRC1 may synergistically promote the invasion and metastasis of human rectal cancer, and provide evidence in predicting the prognosis of patients.

Expression and clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and nm23-H1 in stage II and III colorectal carcinomas

To discuss the expression and clinical significance of VEGF-C and nm23-H1 in stage II and III colorectal carcinomas. SP immunohistochemical staining was employed to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and nm23-H1 in the tumor tissues of 110 cases of stage II and III colorectal carcinomas and in the adjacent mucosal tissues of 53 cases as control, and analyze their correlation with cliniopathological features and prognosis. The positive expression of VEGF-C in the carcinoma tissues was 71.8%, significantly higher than that in the adjacent mucosal tissues (22.6%, P < 0.001). The positive expression of nm23-H1 in the carcinoma tissues was 57.3%, significantly lower than that in the adjacent mucosal tissues (90.6%, P < 0.001). The expression of VEGF-C was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), and the nm23-H1 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and pathological type (P < 0.05). The expression of VEGF-C and nm23-H1 did not show a significant correlation with age, gender, primary tumor site, tumor size and depth of invasion (P > 0.05). The VEGF-C expression was negatively related with nm23-H1 expression in colorectal carcinoma (r = -0.361, P < 0.001). The median overall survival (MOS) and median disease free survival (MDFS) of 110 patients with colorectal carcinoma were 55 and 48 months, respectively. The colorectal patients with different VEGF-C and nm23-H1 expression showed significant differences in the 5-year OS rate and 5-year DFS rate (P < 0.001). The patients with negative VEGF-C expression and positive nm23-H1 expression had a better prognosis. The joint detection of VEGF-C and nm23-H1 expression is very promising in prediction of the prognosis of patients with stage II and III colorectal carcinoma. However, whether it can be used as a marker in prognosis judgment needs further investigation.

Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C,-D and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 correlates with lymph node micrometastasis of patient with pN0 early gastric cancer

Objective To investigate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C,-D and VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3/Flt-4) in pN0 early gastric cancer (ECG) and their relationship with lymph node micrometastasis.Methods From January 2005 to January 2010,the paraffin-embedded specimens of 61 pN0 ECG were collected.The expressions of VEGF-C,VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in 61 pN0 early gastric cancer tissue,25 adjacent tissue and CAM5.2 expression in 868 hematoxylin-eosin staining negative lymph nodes were detected by immunohistochemical assay.The rate of lymph node micrometastasis of 61 pN0 ECG was evaluated.According to the data type,t test,x2 test or Fisher exact probability were performed for the relationship analysis between the expressions of VEGF-C,VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in pN0 stage ECG and lymph node micrometastasis.Results The high expressions of VEGF-C,VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in the 61 pN0 ECG were 34.4％ (21/61),34.4％ (21/61) and 44.3％ (27/61) respectively,which were higher than those of adjacent tissues [12.0％ (3/25),8.0％ (2/25) and 16.0％ (4/25) respectively] (x2=4.433,6.321 and 6.144 respectively,all P＜0.05).There were 10 cases (16.4％) of pN0 ECG with lymph node micrometastasis.In pN0 ECG,the low expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in negative Flt-4 vascular invasion (FVI) were common than positive FVI (x2 =15.828,6.879 and 9.244,all P＜0.05).The high expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were related to the depth of tumor invasion (x2 =5.561 and 5.678,both P＜0.05),the density of VEGFR 3 positive vascular (FVD) (t=2.987and 5.652,both P＜0.01) and lymph node micrometastasis (x2 =6.705 and 6.192,both P＜0.05),but not related to the degree of differentiation (P＞0.05).However,the high expression of VEGF-D was not related to depth of tumor invasion,FVD and lymph node micrometastasis (all P＞0.05),but related to the degree of differentiation (x2 =8.472,P =0.004).The high expressions of VEGF-C,VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 were not related to gender,age,tumor location,macroscopic type and tumor size (all P＞0.05).Conclusions The high expressions of VEGF-C,VEGFR-3 were related to lymph node micrometastasis in pN0 ECG.Although the high expression of VEGF-D was not related to lymph node micrometastasis,it could indirectly affect lymph node micrometastasis through VEGF-C-VEGFR-3 axis in pN0 ECG. Key words: Stomach neoplasms; Vascular endothelial growth factor C; Vascular endothelial growth factor D; Receptors; vascular endothelial growth factor; Lymphatic metastasis; Immunohistochemistry

The relation between vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 and bladder cancer lymphatic metastasis

Objective To explore vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C),vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) in the bladder cancer tissue of the expression and the relationship with the tumor lymph node metastases of bladder cancer tissue,Methods The VEGF-C,VEGFR-3 expression was detected by Elivision TM plus two footwork.Results In 18 cases of bladder cancer organization,VEGF-C expression positive rate was 72％,VEGFR-3 express positive rate was 67％.VEGF-C in the bladder cancer of the transfer of the expression level compared to the lymph nodes of the transfer of the lymph node has not occurred to high.Conclusion In the bladder cancer organization and the surroundinglymph nodes,VEGF-C,VEGFR-3 expression level and lymph node metastasis is closely related.VEGF-C,VEGFR-3 expression intensity can be used as a lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer index. Key words: Bladder cancer; Lymph node, metastasis; Vascular endothelial growth factor-C; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3