Facilities In Poland Research Articles

The Shared Storage Facility in Poland: A Pilot Project of the National Institute for Museums and Public Collections (NIMOZ)

The safe storage of collections for future generations is the most important statutory activity of every museum worldwide. Although this objective is a long-held one, statistics show that, regrettably, a historical and global problem still exists in this field, including for Polish museums. Fortunately, positive changes have been implemented since the end of the 20th century, resulting not only in new infrastructure projects, but also in new approaches to the longstanding problem. Contemporary museum storage facilities are perceived not only as restricted museum spaces, but also, and primarily, as a combination of places, people and processes. Storage can therefore represent an optimum tool for museum conservation, when understood as a change management process whose purpose is to exercise conscious and real influence on the durability of collections. Importantly, this process should correspond to contemporary environmental protection practices. Then, and only then, will museums be capable of protecting cultural heritage appropriately, without increasing risks to future generations. In Poland, the National Institute for Museums and Public Collections (NIMOZ) is currently implementing an infrastructure project entitled ‘The Central Storage Facility for Museum Collections’ (CMZM), whose concept encompasses the questions and problems referred to above. In effect, a shared storage facility will be built in the suburbs of Warsaw to provide high-quality protection for collections, while employing cost-efficient construction processes and low-energy solutions while in operation. The pilot project and case study represents a model solution: one that can be followed by museum professionals planning new collection storage facilities in other regions of Poland.

Social leverage of sporting mega-events and co-production. The case study of Orlik facilities in Poland after EURO 2012

ABSTRACT This study analyses the process of social leveraging of UEFA EURO 2012 in Poland for sports participation through a case study of Orlik facilities. It identifies new arrangements in the governance of the facilities that are based on the co-production of amateur sports offer in a polycentric nested system. This novel bottom-up approach brought results in terms of increased participation in the facilities. The analysis is based on a case study of Orliks over a period of eight years, from 2011 until 2018. The main method was ethnography consisting of open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation. This study connects the notions of legacy and leverage of mega-events with Elinor Ostrom’s concept of co-production. The analysis supports earlier findings on the legacy of mega-events in terms of sport participation which discussed the advantages of bottom-up, local approaches in comparison to centrally planned programmes.

Sustainability in the hospitality industry in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of the hospitality industry in Poland

The article aims to discuss the implementation of the sustainable development goals on the example of Polish hotels in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to national and international restrictions and limitations, and, consequently, the inability of hotel facilities to operate in full capacity, it was important and legitimate for the authors to look at how the facilities achieved their own goals and how they corresponded with the assumptions of sustainable development in this difficult time. The article is based on case studies and practical experience of one of the authors. The data comes from secondary and primary sources, including: a survey conducted among 102 hotel facilities in Poland (CAWI method) and a case study of a chain hotel. The data was analysed in an exploratory and descriptive manner. A significant contribution is the original approach to interpreting the market situation in the Polish hospitality industry and an attempt to indicate the direction in which it will develop. The most important conclusions include the fact that many of the tasks and initiatives carried out by the observed facilities are part of the UN SDGs, and the situation during the pandemic influenced their temporal limitation or was not relevant for them. The conducted research made it possible to clearly indicate specific recommendations for the further development of hotel facilities in accordance with the sustainable development concept.

Infrastruktura sportowa dla potrzeb piłki nożnej w Częstochowie w okresie międzywojennym

The article presents the sports infrastructure for football in Częstochowa in the interwar years. The article was written mainly on the basis of archival and press sources. The conducted research shows that in Częstochowa in the interwar period, several sports facilities adapted to playing foot-ball were built. Both the quantity and quality, compared to the national scale, was insufficient. Investors in sports infrastructure were municipal governments, the army andstate authorities. Sports clubs and associations also tried to create sports facilities. In Częstochowa, the first munic-ipal soccer field was opened in 1923 in the ‘Zawodzie’district. A representative sports facility of regional importance was put into operation in the early 1930s. The “Ogniska Obrony Niepod-ległości” Stadium named after Marshal Józef Piłsudski was considered to be one of the leading ones in the ‘Kielce’Province. However, it could not compete with the best facilities in Poland in terms of infrastructure. A national and international stadium could be a facility that was to be built atOlsztyńska street. Despite the commenced works, the investment was not completed due to lack of money and the outbreak of World War II. In the years 1918-1939, several pitches for the football discipline were built. Local sports clubs were mostly responsible for them.

Digital cultural heritage of rural tourism facilities in Poland

PurposeAt the turn of 2018 and 2019, a certain era in the history of Polish Internet came to an end. Most of the websites of rural tourism facilities hosted on free servers no longer exist; however, the very phenomenon has significantly distinguished itself in the promotion of rural tourism in Poland. The paper presents archaic websites or rural tourism facilities in Poland as digital cultural heritage assets. Its purpose is to propose attributes potentially indicative of content or phenomenon being part of digital cultural heritage.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 211 websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland, hosted on free servers, were analysed. The study investigated digital artefacts, i.e. only the websites that no longer exist but whose archival copies are found at the Internet Archive (IA).FindingsThe structure of most websites of rural tourism facilities was based on tables. None of the websites were responsive. The graphics of 132 websites (65%) were never changed, with the oldest recorded copies dating back to 2001 and the newest ones to 2018. On many websites, components that are relatively rarely found these days were noted, e.g. “marquee”-type “floating” objects or online surveys.Originality/valueThe phenomenon of using free-of-charge hosting services by rural tourism facilities in Poland in the years 2004–2012 is part of the history of Polish Internet and an example of digital cultural heritage. Archaic websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland are digital artefacts but not all of them have cultural values. In total, three groups of attributes are proposed that can be important for determining whether a website, content or phenomenon can be considered digital cultural heritage assets.

Sustainable management of biological solids in small treatment plants: overview of strategies and reuse options for a solar drying facility in Poland

The issue of sustainable management of biosolids (excess sludge) from wastewater treatment is an important issue in the entire developed world. Residual sludge disposal costs and environmental impact may be significant, and reducing such costs, as well as the energy consumption for dewatering and drying, is a key issue for safe and sustainable sludge disposal, considering the recent ban of some disposal options, such as landfilling, in many European countries. An alternative to thermal technologies is solar drying (not to be confused with bio-drying, very close to the concept of composting). Solar greenhouse drying technology is characterized by reduced land requirements compared with traditional outdoor drying beds, as well as by low-energy requirements compared with other thermal drying methods. Process operation is cost-efficient, with close to no maintenance, and observed specific evaporation rates up to threefold higher than conventional drying beds. Many applications of this technology exist in Poland, Germany and Austria: more than 10,000 t of wet sludge per year is treated in this way in Germany alone and almost as many (9000 t/year) in Poland. This paper examines current biosolids treatment technologies applicable to small wastewater treatment plants (2000–9999 population equivalents served) and opportunities for possible solids reuse in Poland in view of sustainable circular economy schemes. In particular, a purely solar-driven greenhouse facility for sewage sludge drying was investigated under different conditions (season, temperature, environmental humidity) and possible improvements for its efficiency evaluated. Sludge processed by solar drying could have different final disposal pathways, according to season, in accordance with the prescriptions of the new National Waste Management Plan of Poland.

Potential of image optimization on websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland

The success of a rural tourism business largely depends on promotional activities. Having developed a tourist product, owners of rural tourism facilities should therefore inform the buyers about it. Usually, they rely on websites and social media for this purpose. However, for a website to fulfill its function, it should be of high quality. The improvement of website quality can be achieved through measures which include search engine optimization (SEO) and content and graphics optimization. The purpose of this paper is to assess the potential of image optimization on websites of Polish rural tourism facilities. The research covered 1000 paid domain websites. The largest part of the sites surveyed were rated good in terms of graphic file optimization. In spite of this, it was possible to reduce the size of graphic files covered by this study and used in the research model by as much as 67% without significantly deteriorating their quality. This research showed that image optimization has no direct impact on the outcome of an SEO audit, and that images can be optimized even for websites with high final scores.

The way to limit emission - energy efficient buildings. The example of the largest facility in Poland in nearly Zero Energy Building standard

In Szczecin a mixed-use complex Posejdon is being constructed. It will be the first nearly zero-energy building (NZEB) in Poland that meets the strict ecological standards that all buildings will have to meet after January 2021. The project was presented at the COP24 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Katowice. The calculated building CO2 emission is very low. Based on the example of the Posejdon complex’s office-service section before and after renovation modern technical solutions for meeting the buildings energy demand and the resulting reduction of CO2 emission have been presented. The emissions were obtained after the calculation of energy use in accordance with Polish and European regulations concerning the energy performance of buildings using climatic conditions taken from a Polish meteorological database. The described renewable energy technologies implemented in the Posejdon building, serve as a reference to export management and design strategies to other NZEB with similar characteristics in the same region.

Evacuation from Healthcare Facilities in Poland: Legal Preparedness and Preparation.

Medical facilities, while providing both essential and demanding health care to society’s most vulnerable populations, also belong to the most demanding category of risk to human life if and when a crisis event occurs within its walls. The development of a safe evacuation plan for these facilities is extremely complicated, as the evacuation of medical facilities is much more complex than for other critical infrastructure. In this category, the evacuated patients constitute a specific risk group requiring specialized medical care. Hospitalized persons may be dependent on life-saving measures, are unconscious or immobile, are significantly restricted in movement or mentally unbalanced, being dependent on the continued assistance of trained third parties. Additionally, the medical transport of evacuated patients becomes more difficult due to the limited capacity of ambulances and available health care facilities to transport them to, which are increasingly limited due to their overcrowded census. The study aimed to analyze the requirements which are placed on hospitals in Poland to ensure the safety of patients in case of an evacuation. The research method used in the paper was retrospective analysis and evaluation of the media and literature. We have found, that Polish law imposes an obligation on the administrator of a medical facility to ensure the safety of both patients and employees. The regulations cover issues of technical conditions to be met by buildings and their location, prevention, and fire protection requirements, and the determination of which staff is responsible for the evacuation. However, available documents fail to describe what the hospital evacuation process itself should entail under emergency evacuation. Taking into account the complexity of the hospital evacuation process, health care facilities should have a well-developed plan of action that must be implemented at least once a year in the form of facility-wide training. Evacuation drills should not be avoided. Only trained procedures offer the possibility of later analysis to identify and eliminate errors and provide the opportunity to acquire skill sets and habits which promote the behaviors expected in real-life emergencies.

Visual identification of rural tourism facilities in Poland

Visual identification of rural tourism facilities in Poland

Więzienne matki. Pomiędzy zachowaniem przywiązaniowym a transmisją międzypokoleniową

According to the Polish law, pregnancy is not an attenuating circumstance, which is why children have been and will be present behind prison walls. The law on criminal sanctions provides that in order to enable imprisoned mothers to deliver continuous and direct care to their children, designated penitentiaries must have mother and child centres where, as approved by a guardianship court, children may stay with their mothers until they reach three years of age, unless, because of educational or health concerns as confirmed by a physician or a psychologist in the relevant opinion, the child should be separated from his or her mother or the period should be extended or shortened. In Poland, there are two such facilities: in Krzywaniec and Grudziądz. Before a female inmate can be sent to a mother and child centre, she must be admitted to Penitentiary No. 1 in Grudziądz, which is the only facility in Poland that includes a gynaecology and obstetrics ward inside prison walls. Since 1949, several thousand children have been born there. The aim of this article is to analyse the results of the studies carried out by the author in Grudziądz in October 2019 as part of her research project ‘Motherhood of female inmates. Developing bonds with children by women serving prison sentences’. Among others, the project analysed the impact of isolation experienced by inmate mothers on the bond with the child and the prevalence of intergenerational transmission.

Size-Segregated Particulate Matter in a Selected Sports Facility in Poland

The aims of this study were to determine the concentration of particulate matter, analyze the percentage share of four particulate matter subfractions (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10) in TSP (total mass of particulate matter (PM)) in a typical Polish sports hall at different day periods during heating and non-heating seasons, and compare the average daily doses of respirable dust (PM4) for three groups of the sports hall users (pupils, teachers, and athletes). Gravimetric measurements of PM4 and TSP concentrations and optical measurements of the concentrations of five PM fractions (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PM100) were conducted for 8 h a day, simultaneously inside and outside the hall, for 20 days each in summer and winter. During training, PM mass was concentrated mainly in coarse particles (PM2.5–100) (summer—55%, winter—35%). Without activity, the main part of PM mass was from fine particles (PM2.5, summer—59%, winter—75%). In summer, PM inside the hall originated mainly from internal sources. In winter, the fine PM concentration was affected by outdoor sources. The daily doses of PM4 for different groups of sports hall users indicate that the health exposure of sports practitioners to PM may be greater than for non-practitioners staying in the same conditions.

The influence of juvenile and educator humor on the social climate of young offenders’ institutions

The research study reported in the article aimed to establish the empirical status of humor as a factor in creating the social climate of young offenders’ institutions.The study was carried out in twenty-four correctional facilities in Poland and included the sample of 1,026 respondents, therein 705 minors and 321 educators. The empirical data were generated by means of Moos’s Social Climate Scale of Correctional Institution (1975), as adapted to the Polish context by Pytka (2008), and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) developed by Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray and Weir (Martin et al., 2003), as adapted to the Polish context by Hornowska (Hornowska & Charytonik, 2011).Multiple regression analysis shows that humor is a significant, albeit not particularly strong, predictor of the social climate of young offenders’ institutions. Besides, the study has found that juvenile humor exerts a far stronger influence on individual dimensions of the social climate of young offenders’ institutions than educator humor does. These findings can further the research on subjective and objective factors in the effectiveness of juvenile rehabilitation.

Energy efficiency improvement in hospital buildings, based on the example of a selected type of hospital facility in Poland

Energy demand in hospitals is of highly diverse nature: heat energy, cool energy and electricity. A guarantee of energy supply is required to ensure continuity of medical procedures. Taking care of the lowest possible costs of hospital operations, special attention should be paid to energy efficiency of the installations used in the hospital buildings. The paper presents an analysis of energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting in an example hospital in Poland. The selected object was considered a reference as it was built according to a repetitive construction plan, according to which several dozen other hospitals were built in Poland. On the basis of data from 2013-2017, a summary of heat, cold and electricity demand for the hospital in its current technical condition was prepared. Concepts of technical and economic modernization of systems using energy in the analysed facility were proposed, assuming different ranges of changes for individual installations in the hospital. After the analysis of various modernization options, a project was proposed combining the use of heat pumps, photovoltaic installations and generation of heat and cooling in trigeneration, all of which allowed to reduce the costs of operation of the hospital energy systems by about 31%.

SPORT AND RECREATION PRODUCT OFFERED BY TOURIST ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS IN POLAND – SIZE AND STRUCTURE

In accommodation facilities, in addition to basic services related to the satisfaction of human-tourist needs, additional services may be provided which satisfy higher-level needs, eg. sports / leisure products / services. The purpose of the article is to present the size and structure of the development of tourist areas with accommodation facilities offering sports / recreational products / services in Poland, which includes the administrative division into voivodships. To compare the results obtained, the absolute data is presented as an index expressing the number of objects per 1000 square kilometers of space. In addition, a ranking was established for a type of sports and recreation infrastructure which is available at tourist accommodation facilities in Poland.

Does extreme maternal age still act as a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome? Evidence from Poland 20 years after the social and economic transformation

It was examined whether positive changes in maternal SES and medical facilities in Poland 20 years after social and economic transformation weakened the role of maternal age in shaping perinatal outcome. Data comprised of 2,979 children born in 2000 and 2,992 – born in 2015. To test the differences between the frequency of indicators of adverse perinatal outcome the chi-square test was applied. The influence of maternal age on the perinatal outcome was estimated using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), with binomial error distribution and the logit link function. The infants survival was examined using survival analysis. Gestational age and birth weight were influenced by mother’s age and the year of survey. Infants of adolescent and older mothers represented the groups with a risk of adverse perinatal outcome: an increase of preterm births and higher risk of having children with LBW in the group of adolescent mothers than in mothers aged >35, infants born SGA and LGA found in both adolescent and adult mothers. GLMs confirmed the impact of maternal age and the year of survey on perinatal outcome. The Cox proportional hazard models showed that the year of survey was the only factor affecting the risk of infants’ death. The impact of maternal age on adverse perinatal outcome can be counterbalanced by positive changes in social and economic standard of living of women, improvement in neonatal medical care and better equipment of hospital wards in 2015 as compared to 2000.

Marketing Potential of Websites of Rural Tourism Facilities in Poland

Summary Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study is to assess the marketing potential of websites of rural tourism facilities’ in Poland. Materials and methods: It was assumed that the marketing potential of a website provided the basis for placing it in global popularity rankings. The study involved 1000 paid domain websites. Each website was analysed using four tools which yielded values of selected indices, including Serpstat Visibility, Alexa Global Rank and SimilarWeb Global Rank. Results: Almost half of the websites of rural tourism facilities’ obtained 0 or 1 point in the Open Page Rank index evaluation. For 764 websites from the analysed set, the Serpstat Visibility index value was not available, while in the remaining cases it was very low. The websites either reached distant positions in Alexa and SimilarWeb rankings or were not included in them at all. Conclusions: The adopted research model does not allow for absolute assessment of the actual marketing potential of websites. However, the study confirmed that it was not used.

Distance to Radiotherapy and Demand – Projection of the Effects of Establishing New Radiotherapy Facilities in Poland by 2025

Abstract In 2015, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Poland introduced the Polish strategic plan for radiotherapy development and investment. Given that radiotherapy utilisation depends on the distance a patient must travel to undergo the treatment, the main goal of the plan was to increase equitable access to radiotherapy in Poland by establishing new facilities in new locations by 2025. This study constitutes the first step towards an economic evaluation of this plan by adopting spatial interaction models to project the expected increase in the demand for radiotherapy (3%). Moreover, it adds to the current research on the relation between distance and demand for healthcare services in the following ways. First, it flags the importance of using spatial econometrics to healthcare utilisation studies in the presence of spatial autocorrelation. Furthermore, it proposes a quantitative method for assessing the expected impact of establishing new facilities on utilisation. Finally, it formally confirms the dependence between radiotherapy utilisation and distance in Poland, which has been previously shown to exist in other countries.

SK spends big on battery separators

SK Innovation plans to build a lithium-ion battery separator facility in Poland. The project will cost $377 million and produce 340 million m2 of separator film annually, starting in 2021. Earlier this year the South Korean conglomerate announced that it will spend more than $800 million on an electric-vehicle battery plant in Hungary. SK is one of several firms investing in separators; Asahi Kasei announced a $270 million capacity boost project earlier this year.

Research on nuclear security culture in medical institutions using radioactive sources and materials

The first self-assessments of nuclear security culture in a medical facility in Poland (2017–2018) have become the milestone for this small organization. It enabled the personnel to understand nuclear security culture and encouraged the managers to plan further improvements in nuclear security culture in the future. The research project titled “The Enhancement of Nuclear Security Culture in Medical Institutions Using Radioactive Sources and Materials” was conducted by Poznan University of Technology, with strong support from the IAEA. According to that project the first part of the article presents and explains the substance of the nuclear security culture, and also shows the differences between concepts of safety culture and security culture. The next part of the article presents objectives, describes the methodology as well as the results of work carried out as part of the research and development project. The content of the last part of the publication results from the author’s research experience, as well as lessons learned in the field of security culture.