Service Facilities Research Articles

Analyzing the Impact of Service Delivery, Pricing, and Facilities on Customer Satisfaction at Big Mart: A Descriptive and Causal-Comparative Study

This study investigates customer satisfaction at Big Mart, focusing on service delivery, pricing, and facilities. Utilizing a descriptive and causal-comparative research design, data was collected from 125 customers in the Baluwatar area, employing a questionnaire and convenient sampling technique. The research explores the relationship between service delivery, pricing, facilities, and customer satisfaction. Descriptive statistics reveal average satisfaction with service delivery and pricing, but notable dissatisfaction with facilities. Correlation analysis indicates significant positive correlations between service delivery and pricing, while other facilities negatively affect satisfaction. Regression analysis shows that 28.6 percent of the variance in customer satisfaction is explained by the model, with price positively impacting satisfaction and other facilities having a significant negative effect. The findings suggest that enhancing facility quality and maintaining competitive pricing are crucial for improving overall customer satisfaction at Big Mart.

Oncology care model cost data for breast, lung, and multiple myeloma: Influence of outpatient rehabilitation therapy services.

14 Background: High value cancer care is defined by access to coordinated, appropriate healthcare services that achieve optimal outcomes at a reasonable cost. Evidence supports outpatient cancer rehabilitation (physical, occupational or speech therapy) as a mechanism to improve outcomes such as health-related quality of life, suggesting that integration of these services is beneficial for cancer survivors. However, the impact of outpatient rehabilitation services on healthcare costs is unknown. We aimed to compare cost segments between those who attended community-based outpatient rehabilitation therapy services (Rehab) versus those who did not (Non-rehab). We hypothesized that healthcare costs would be lower for the Rehab group in the following cost segments: emergency department (ED), part D drugs, home health services, skilled nursing facility services (SNF), inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF), and hospice. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries who received chemotherapy at a large community oncology practice that participated in the oncology care model (OCM) program from 2018 to 2021. Two data sources were linked, OCM cost data and the rehabilitation medical record. This yielded sufficient sample sizes for analysis of breast, lung, or multiple myeloma (MM) cancer types. Rehab cases were then matched to Non-rehab cases 3:1 based on cancer type, stage, and sex. Cost variables included total cost of care (TCOC) and cost segments using OCM methodology. Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon statistic (p<.05) was used for analysis. Results: Cases (N=3,033) primarily had early-stage cancer (0 to 2, 74.8%) and were 70.4±7.3 (Rehab) or 71.6±8.5 years old at diagnosis (Non-rehab). Most had breast cancer (81.2%), followed by lung cancer (11.7%) and MM (7.2%). TCOC was $32,387 and $26,257 for the Rehab and Non-rehab groups, respectively. Costs were significantly lower for the Rehab group in five of the six segments analyzed; IRF costs were lower, but not statistically significant (Table). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the influence of real-world, outpatient cancer rehabilitation therapy services on the cost of cancer care. Community-based therapy services were associated with significantly lower costs in ED, part D drugs, home health, SNF, and hospice segments. Future studies examining rehabilitation services as a relatively low-cost supportive care option to meet patient needs and enhance high-value care are warranted. Healthcare segment costs for rehab vs. non-rehab cases. Rehab Non-rehab Between-group Difference Mean, (SD) Mean (SD) p-value ED $85 (260) $104 (372) .019 Part D drugs $4,813 (18,221) $5,675 (18,797) <.001 Home health $433 (1,600) $705 (2,118) <.001 SNF $160 (1,988) $386 (3,943) .046 Hospice $75 (770) $198 (1,529) <.001 IRF $245 (2,275) $384 (3,277) .434

A Strategic Study on the Planning of Accommodation Facilities in Tourist Attractions to Enhance Tourist Experience

In the context of the development of regional tourism, the planning pattern of accommodation facilities in tourist attractions plays a very important role in enhancing tourists’ experience perception, which is conducive to the enhancement of tourists’ goodwill towards tourist attractions. This paper is oriented to the theory of sustainable development, and selects GL city as the research case site to obtain the visitor evaluation data of accommodation facilities in tourist attractions. The evolution trend of tourist attraction accommodation facilities is analyzed by geographic concentration index, standard deviation ellipse, nearest neighbor index, combined with TF-IDF algorithm to extract high-frequency words of tourists’ experience on the planning of tourist attraction accommodation facilities, and coarse-grained tourism review text sentiment classification model is introduced to analyze the tourists’ sentiment evaluation of tourist attraction accommodation facilities. The geographic concentration index of accommodation facilities in tourist attractions increases from 20.19 to 53.72 from 1980 to 2023, and the relative frequency difference between “service” and “room” of hotel facilities in tourist attractions is 4.35 percentage points, while that of B&B is only 0.5 percentage points. The relative frequency of “service” and “room” of hotel facilities in tourist attractions differed by 4.35 percentage points, while that of B&Bs differed by only 0.77 percentage points, and more than 70% of the tourists had a positive attitude towards the experience of accommodation facilities in tourist attractions. Lodging facilities in tourist attractions need to enrich the sequence of lodging products, improve the layout of service and reception facilities, create relevant themed B&Bs, and enhance the service quality of lodging facilities by combining modern technology to further promote the sustainable development of lodging facilities planning.

Experiences of maternal healthcare delivery in South Africa: Perinatal women's viewpoints.

Becoming a mother should be an exciting experience in woman's life. No mother should have to endure adverse encounters. while seeking healthcare in any maternal services facility. this is a phenomenon occurring globally. Delivery of these maternal healthcare services has a bearing on the obstetrical outcomes of mothers from preconception until six weeks after delivery. The study aims to understand the experiences of perinatal women regarding maternal healthcare services in the public hospitals of Gauteng province in South Africa. This study followed an exploratory and descriptive qualitative approach using a purposive sampling method. The study was conducted in three selected public hospitals representing different levels of care namely, district, tertiary provincial, and academic in the Gauteng province. A total of forty-six perinatal women were selected to take part in six focus groups. Data were thematically analysed following the six steps given by Braun and Clarke (2013). Three themes emerged as follows: 1) individual 2) interpersonal reasons and 3) impact of poor complaints procedure on maternal healthcare. The study showed that maternity services rendered to perinatal women in the three selected public hospitals are affected by several factors, such as midwives' attitudes, knowledge and skills, professional ethics, communication, and delayed maternal healthcare. These findings demonstrate an urgent need for practice and policy interventions that go beyond just a routine service but quality and organised maternal healthcare services provided in public hospitals, for improved healthcare outcomes at the point of service.

커뮤니티 공공 공간 고령자 적합성 디자인에 관한 연구 - 커뮤니티 양로 모델으로

The problem of population aging is becoming more and more serious, especially under the mode of community-based elderly care, the demand of elderly residents for community public space is becoming more and more prominent. In this paper, through the study of representative elderly care communities in the United States, Japan, Singapore and South Korea, the design strategy of community public space for aging is discussed. The research content covers spatial structure planning, barrier-free design, intelligent elderly care equipment, green landscape proportion, public service facilities distribution and other aspects, aiming to optimize the community environment to meet the physiological and psychological needs of the elderly. Through comparative analysis, this paper puts forward the guidelines for the design of aging, expecting to provide theoretical reference for the development of community-based elderly care mode in the future, and build a more harmonious, stable and livable community.

The role of readiness for change on behavioral intention viewed from performance and effort expectancy in the implementation of electronic medical records

Background: Technological developments have triggered a transformation in the implementation of electronic medical records (RME) in Indonesia, in line with regulations that require the implementation of RME in all health service facilities by the end of 2023. Although it has been proven to increase efficiency and reduce medical errors, the implementation of RME faces challenges such as infrastructure readiness and risk factors cultural. Purpose: To identify factors that influence the success of RME implementation, including performance expectations and the use of RME in health facilities in Indonesia. Method: The design of this research is quantitative, observational analytical type with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were employees of Community Health Centers in Kediri Regency. The probability sampling technique using a random sampling approach obtained a sample of 336 employees in 33 Community Health Centers and SmartPLS 2.9.8 was used to test the hypothesis. The variables used in this research are: performance expectancy (X1), effort expectancy (X2), Readiness for Change (Z), and Usage Intention (Y). Results: The results of the research show that there is a direct influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and Readiness to Change on Usage Intention with P = 0.000. Individual Change Readiness Mediates performance expectancy and effort expectancy on Usage Intention, which has a significant effect with a P value of 0.001. Conclusion: This research concludes that new insights into the critical role of change readiness as a mediator between technology acceptance factors and behavioral intentions.

Pro‐environmental action plan for managers of distributed service facilities

AbstractGiven the variety of ways in which companies can communicate their pro‐ecological stances, it may be challenging to differentiate cursory Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) reporting from meaningful reporting, which is quantitatively supported and adequately monitored. Industry‐wide, a gap has emerged between corporate commitment to decarbonisation and tangible actions. For the most part, businesses continue to fall back on non‐verified data provided by a company that has not been externally audited. This study follows a qualitative research initiative focused on enhancing the questionable maturity of reporting in a reference business entity while simultaneously generating scientific knowledge. Through a series of documented interventions, we devise an environmental strategy action plan that complements highly abstract ESG strategies, with a depiction outlining specific measures for achieving key environmental performance indicators. Energy managers are provided with a validated structure for such a document, containing guidance on what information to include to effectively implement environmental statements in the overall sustainability strategies of their companies. We outline various avenues for companies, legislators, regulators, and organisations working on sustainability reporting frameworks to enhance reporting quality.

The analytical hierarchical process (AHP) approach to study the tourist choice behavior in rural southern India: Promoting responsible tourism practices

The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the prioritization of the services marketing mix and compare the outcomes between first-time and repeat visitors in selecting a rural destination. Six rural tourism destinations were selected from four different southern states of India. Approximately 512 respondents consisting of 292 first-time visitors and 220 multiple-time visitors participated in a questionnaire survey carried out from May 2023 to October 2023. Multicriteria method, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to examine the prioritisation of services marketing mix components and ranking is done concerning the reason behind choosing a particular rural destination. The present study reveals that many new visitors favor rural tourist locations due to their affordability and variety of experiences. In addition, repeat visitors also choose rural areas based on the native resident’s attitude, customer service, cultural orientation, training, language proficiency, information and communication processes and facilities and services. Efficient marketing is important for promoting tourism in rural destinations and increase the arrival of tourists . The article also proposes the adoption of responsible tourism practices, which are essential for protecting cultural assets and ensuring that local populations get fair and equal benefits from tourism. The research also provides significant insights to destination management firms on the formulation of services marketing mix strategies, policy choices, and initiatives aimed at expanding rural tourism in India.

Ethical and legal aspects of the abortion dispute in Italy in 2020-2023

The main goal of the article is to analyze the key elements of the current dispute over worldviews and politics in Italy concerning the ethical and legal aspects of various forms of abortion. The country on the Tiber River was one of the states around the world that widely liberalized abortion laws during the COVID-19 pandemic. In August 2020, the Italian Ministry of Health decided that pharmacological abortion – performed with the medical preparation RU-486 – should not be practiced at hospital gynaecology-obstetrics wards, but at day hospital facilities, with no requirement of hospitalization for women performing this type of abortion. Limited access to medical services in public and private healthcare facilities led to the practice of pharmacological abortion shifting largely from hospitals and clinics to pharmacies, private apartments, and homes. In 2021, pharmacological abortion in Italy accounted for 48.3% of all abortions performed under the current abortion law. In the face of the trivialization of the termination of pregnancy, Italian pro-life circles have taken a variety of measures to protect preborn life. One such initiative was the “Beating Heart” campaign, which looked at the possibility of showing the unborn child and its beating heart to the woman seeking an abortion. The analyses carried out in the article show that in the age of the Internet and the global village, it is not so much the legal norms that are increasingly important, but human free will and the awakening of people’s moral sensitivity by developing appropriate bioethical awareness at the societal level. In this context, the various initiatives currently implemented in Italy by pro-life circles to achieve these goals are of great significance. In addition, the abortion debate in Italy supplies a number of arguments for the need to extend the conscience clause to pharmacy personnel.

The Road User Perception of Municipal Road Deterioration: A Case Majalengka West Java

Municipal Roads are local infrastructure and serve as global routes for trade, tourism, and cultural exchange. Damage to roads is a topic of much urgent discussion in Indonesia. The aim of research on road damage in municipal roads, Majalengka, is to investigate the causes and impacts of road damage in the area. The research location to be carried out is Jalan Baribis in the Majalengka district. This research uses qualitative methods with perception analysis to study the various factors that cause damage to roads in the city of Majalengka and their Impact on society. When passing through Jalan Baribis, Majalengka, the respondents' data was divided into gender, vehicle used, and age. Based on the questionnaire results, the variable that received the highest importance value was the effect of road damage on two-wheeled vehicles and pedestrians, with an average value of 4.8. The variable that received the lowest importance value was road damage to public facility services, with an average value of 4.2. Meanwhile, the variable that received the highest satisfaction score was the effect of road damage on two-wheeled vehicles and pedestrians, with an average value of 2.6. On the other hand, the variable that got the lowest satisfaction score was the effect of road damage on heavy vehicles, with an average value of 2.14. From the research results, the level of importance of damage to road sections to road users has an average value of 4.48, which shows that repairing damaged road sections is very important.

Are Ethiopian health facilities providing diabetes services capable of managing tuberculosis? Policy implications for introducing diabetes and tuberculosis collaborative care

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the availability and preparedness of health facilities offering diabetes mellitus (DM) to manage tuberculosis (TB) in Ethiopia.DesignSecondary data analysis of institution-based cross-sectional national survey data.SettingData...

Abstract A132: Missed Opportunities? Regional availability of Low Dose CT lung cancer screening facility locations in the year prior to diagnoses: A descriptive comparison of American Indian and Non-Hispanic White lung cancer patients in North Carolina

Abstract INTRODUCTION American Indians (AI) have much higher incidence rates of lung cancer (LC) compared with non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) in the US. While low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening facilitates early detection of lung cancer, it is unknown how available LDCT screenings are to racially and geographically diverse populations in North Carolina (NC). To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a descriptive study to characterize incident LC cases among AIs and NHWs, the distance from their location at diagnosis to the nearest LDCT screening facility and explored whether distance was associated with late-stage LC diagnoses. Methods Data were obtained from the Cancer Information and Population Health Resource (CIPHR), which comprise data from NC Central Cancer Registry (CCR) as well as public and private health insurance claims for the state. We identified ZIP codes and dates of rendered service for facilities providing LDCT by searching through claims from 2015-20. In addition, we identified incident LC cases among AIs and NHWs aged ≥18 years, from 2015-19. We assembled lists of LDCT facilities that existed in the year prior to each incident LC case. We calculated the minimum centroid to centroid distance to all facilities. Clinical attributes included age at diagnosis, sex, histology, stage at diagnosis, and rurality as measured by Rural Urban Commuting Area. Risk ratios were calculated for late-stage LC diagnoses across a range of thresholds for patient’s distance to nearest LDCT screening facility for AIs and NHWs. Results We identified 388 AI and 26,867 NHW incident LC cases in NC between 2015-20. Compared to NHWs, the median age at diagnosis for AIs was 5 years younger (AI: 65 vs. NHW: 69); more frequently male (AI: 54% vs NHW: 51%); and almost twice as likely to reside in rural areas (AI: 52% vs. NHW: 28%). There were no differences in late-stage LC diagnoses (AI: 54% vs. NHW: 52%). For distance (in miles) to the nearest LDCT screening facility, the median [Interquartile range] was twice as high for AIs (9.9 miles [0.8, 16.30]) compared to NHWs (5.3 miles [0, 12.1]). Among NHWs, there were statistically significant associations between distance and late-stage LC diagnosis at the shortest distance threshold of 5 miles (RR=1.04; 95%CL: 1.02, 1.07) through the threshold of 30 miles (RR=1.10 95%CL: 1.05, 1.15). There was no association across any distance threshold among AI lung cancer patients. Conclusions The large difference in accessibility of LDCT screening was not strongly associated with metastatic lung cancer diagnoses, possibly because so many patients were diagnosed late, reflecting poor early detection across all populations. We found that 80% of AIs with LC lived more than 10 miles away from LDCT screening facilities. This geographic distance may increase difficulty accessing cancer care geographically, and contribute to suboptimal LC screening rates. If efforts are to be made to increase early detection and improve survival, accessibility needs to be addressed on different dimensions. Citation Format: Bradford E. Jackson, Marc Emerson, Daniel Carrizosa, Chris Baggett, Lisa Spees, Joel Begay, Ana Salas, Yadurshirni Raveendran, Tomi Akinyemiju, Rachel Denlinger-Apte, Stephanie Wheeler, Ronny Bell. Missed Opportunities? Regional availability of Low Dose CT lung cancer screening facility locations in the year prior to diagnoses: A descriptive comparison of American Indian and Non-Hispanic White lung cancer patients in North Carolina [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A132.

Study on the Characteristics of Community Elderly Care Service Facilities Usage and Optimization Design Based on Life Cycle Theory

Abstract: As the aging population in China increases, home-based elderly care is set to become the main mode of elderly care in the future. The construction of community elderly care service facilities is receiving more and more attention from society. Currently, residential area design standards in China lack clear guidance on the spatial planning of facilities, which will lead to unreasonable facility layout planning and insufficient convenience in the utilization of facilities by the elderly. Fully considering the distribution characteristics of community elderly care service facilities and the needs of the community life circle when planning residential areas can effectively solve this problem. This study takes Xi’an City as the research object, based on the theory of life circle, through questionnaire surveys and cluster analysis, analyzes the current situation of the construction of elderly care service facilities and the characteristics of the use by the elderly. Combined with the community life circle model, the study scope is divided into community life circle levels, and put forward the planning strategies of coverage rate, number, richness, and spatial layout of the facilities, respectively. These strategies are designed to enhance the quality of life for seniors, ensuring that they have access to essential support and resources within their communities. It demonstrated that middle-aged elderly prefer community canteens and activity centers, while those with limited mobility and multiple chronic diseases have a higher demand for health service centers and community canteens. The utilization weight analysis shows that vegetable markets and supermarkets are most frequently used, whereas health service centers are the least utilized. The research proposes strategic planning enhancements, including full coverage of basic facilities, targeted increases in high-demand facilities, and tailored facilities for elderly characteristics. It recommends cross-community layouts to ensure service radius coverage, development reservations for future needs, and quality improvements to address the low satisfaction rates of existing facilities. The study concludes that a targeted approach to facility planning, considering the elderly’s diverse needs, can enhance the community elderly care service system’s sustainability and effectiveness.

The Role of Leadership in Improving the Quality of Healthcare Services at Community Health Centers : A Systematic Review

Various factors related to the quality of health services in primary health care facilities include health care providers, organizational and leadership factors, and environmental factors (internal and external). A leadership role is required, especially in terms of company-wide coordination and of course motivation. This study used a systematic review method. Electro databases used included Google Scholar, Pubmed, & Garuda Journal using the key terms "leadership role", "health service quality", & "puskesmas". Based on the results of the research conducted, it was found that the role of leadership has an impact on improving the quality of health services at the puskesmas. The role of a leader in an organization is very important. This is because the leader is one of the gates or spearheads that is very important in planning the success of an organization. To increase employee creativity and innovation to achieve organizational goals, the manager's role is to encourage employees to express their creativity and recognize the results of their efforts.

Research on the Evaluation of an Age-Friendly Layout of Medical Service Facilities in Wuhan City Based on Accessibility

Accessibility is an important indicator for measuring the level of medical facility services in cities. Traditional studies on healthcare accessibility for the elderly have typically focused on the capabilities of emergency services while overlooking the daily independent healthcare needs of the elderly. Taking Wuhan City as an example, the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method is used in this study to measure the accessibility of urban elderly residents with respect to general hospitals, specialized hospitals, and community health service centers. It also analyzes the appropriateness of the medical facility layout for the elderly in Wuhan City. The research findings indicate the following: (1) The accessibility evaluation method for urban medical facilities established with the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area model can accurately assess the supply–demand relationship between the elderly and various levels of medical facilities. (2) The overall coverage of medical service facilities in Wuhan City is relatively high, but there are significant differences in accessibility for elderly residents in different areas. (3) The appropriateness of daily healthcare access for elderly residents in the central urban areas of Wuhan City is mainly influenced by the layout of general hospitals, while, in the peripheral areas, it is mainly influenced by the layout of specialized hospitals and community health service centers. (4) Improving the appropriateness of urban medical facilities for elderly individuals requires differentiated improvement measures tailored to the characteristics of different zones.

Measuring and optimizing the spatial accessibility of primary health care in remote and rural areas: a case study of Liannan Yao Autonomous County in China

The need for equitable access to primary healthcare services in the current global context has attracted widespread attention, prompting nations to continuously enhance their grassroots medical service levels. In response, China launched the "Healthy China" initiative, which prioritizes the enhancement of national health as a core goal of the healthcare system and uses this opportunity to deepen reforms aimed at strengthening primary care. However, in remote and rural areas, the optimization of medical resource allocation and the achievement of balanced service development remain critical challenges owing to limited resources. This study selected Liannan Yao Autonomous County, which is situated in the northwestern corner of Guangdong Province, as a case study due to its remote mountainous location, underdeveloped economy, and minority region characteristics. Through field research and interviews, this study thoroughly explored the needs of both supply and demand, factoring in elements such as the service capability of healthcare facilities and residents' travel thresholds to enhance the two-step floating catchment area model, thus making it more applicable to remote villages. By integrating electric bikes and cars, which are the primary means of transportation in rural areas, this study conducted a thorough analysis and comparison of the accessibility of medical services in Liannan Yao Autonomous County (Liannan County) . The results reveal significant disparities in healthcare accessibility, an uneven distribution of medical resources, and varying impacts of transportation conditions and facility service capabilities on accessibility. Notably, the study revealed that improving transportation conditions alone has limited effects in rural areas; the key lies in balancing medical service capabilities and the rationality of overall layouts. From the perspectives of equity and efficiency, this study employs the equitable coverage model and the efficiency-driven model to construct two scenarios, comparing accessibility changes in Liannan County under both conditions and proposing strategies to improve the spatial layout of local healthcare facilities. This research not only deepens the understanding of healthcare service accessibility in rural areas but also provides a scientific basis for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing primary medical services, offering valuable guidance and reference for Liannan County and other similar rural regions.

Late Cancer Presentation and Increase Palliative Care Burden on Healthcare Delivery in Makurdi Benue State: A Need for Strategic Intervention

The study employed a narrative review design for the purpose of identifying statistical findings on late-stage cancer diagnosis from previously published studies to use as evidence to describe the prevailing incidence of patients’ presenting with late-stage cancer disease in Benue State. The data were searched from journals indexed in Google scholar, Semantic scholar, ResearchGate, Cross-references, PubMed, DOAJ, and Abstract journals. The statistical results obtained from the review shows that, late-stage cancer presentation among people who develop the disease is a common situation in Nigeria. Specifically, to Benue State one among the few published studies reported that patients who had presented with advanced clinical diseases as evidenced by fungating masses, palpable axillary nodes, are indications of histologically established metastatic disease. Another study applying the FIGO Staging method revealed that (81.8%) presented with advanced stage disease ranging from stage IIb–IV and stage III disease was the commonest with (42.9%) of cases. A recent study revealed that (46.7%) of patients were diagnosed with stage II disease. Whereas (49.1%) presented with advanced stage III and (1.3%) stage IV disease respectively. Based on these evidences, is the pertinent need to solicit for a strategic intervention by various stakeholders in the health system to establish a specialized palliative care service facility in Benue State. Late cancer presentation is an eligible condition for palliative care; early and routine referral of cancer patients for palliative care will accord patients the benefits of enjoying improved QOL and delay of early death from the disease.

Impact of urban form on carbon emissions of residents in counties: evidence from Yangtze River Delta, China.

Urban form is a key factor affecting carbon emissions. Accurately estimating the impact of urban form on the carbon emissions of residents (CER) is an important prerequisite for China to adopt effective low-carbon spatial planning strategies and respond to climate change. However, counties mainly account for China's energy consumption, and the relationship between their urban form and the CER remains unclear, limiting their low-carbon development. Therefore, in this study, the PLS-SEM model and data from 90 counties in the Yangtze River Delta are used to determine the extent and ways that urban form affects the CER. The model considers the impact of both geometric-aspect urban form factors (urban scale, compactness, spatial structure, and urban shape) and built environment-aspect urban form factors (public service facilities, urban greening, road traffic, public transportation, and urban energy infrastructure) on the CER. The results indicate that urban form factors related to the built environment (public service facilities, urban greening, road systems, and municipal infrastructure) have a direct impact on the CER. Geometric-aspect urban form factors (size, compactness, spatial structure, and shape) not only directly affect the CER but also indirectly affect the CER by altering built environment-aspect urban form factors. This study identifies the complex relationship between urban form and the CER, facilitating the coordinated integration of multiple elements and providing a basis for the formulation of low-carbon spatial planning strategies for counties.

Sustainable Spatial Development of Multifunctional Villages: A Case Study of Eastern Poland

The decline in the role of agriculture as the basis for the livelihood of rural residents has led to the development of new directions for rural transformation. In Poland, the concept of multifunctional development has gained the most popularity. However, it does not have a defined spatial development model. There has also been no research into how the development of non-agricultural functions affects spatial development and to what extent this development is sustainable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to show and compare the changes that have taken place over the last 40–50 years in the spatial arrangements of development in traditional agricultural villages and in villages with different non-agricultural functions (tourist, industrial, and service functions). At the same time, we want to indicate which of these functions have contributed to the development of the most sustainable spatial arrangements. To this end, we selected three indicators of sustainable development of rural space: compactness of buildings, continuation of traditional rural layouts, and availability of services, and then carried out an analysis of changes in these indicators on the basis of archival and current cartographic materials and data on service facilities. We conducted the research for four municipalities in eastern Poland (50 villages). The results indicate the predominance of negative spatial phenomena such as the deterioration of the accessibility of services and spatial development contrary to historical spatial layouts. There is a spillover of development in the form of discontinuous, chaotic clusters of buildings often having the character of suburbia and, consequently, the disappearance of village centres, worsening walkability, and blurring of village boundaries. The only positive change is an increase in the compactness of buildings—mainly in villages that previously had a dispersed character. It is difficult to identify village functions that would unequivocally favour spatial sustainability. The service villages showed slight advantages in terms of social (availability of services) and environmental (compactness of buildings) factors. In contrast, the development of agricultural villages was more favourable in cultural terms (traditional village layouts). In all aspects, negative changes were recorded in industrial villages and (the worst results) in tourist villages. However, the trends were similar in all municipalities, which draws attention primarily to the lack of a rational spatial policy related to multifunctional village development.

Digital threads of architectural heritage: navigating tourism destination image through social media reviews and machine learning insights

ABSTRACT While emphasizing sustainable development goals for cultural heritage preservation, tourism destination image based on the predefined traditional survey often fails to meet the dynamic tourist demands. Taking the Nanjing Museum of Modern History in China as a case study, this paper innovatively combined the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to quantitatively extract and assess the destination image from the social media data. The results demonstrated that the tourists mainly focused on 12 topics from individual, environmental, and social backgrounds, mostly on architectural style, transportation, and location. Tourists perceived most positive sentiments in historical culture (84.94%), and architectural style (70.54%), but most negative sentiments in ticket purchasing experience (27.60%), living and service facilities (14.09%). The IPA results reveal that historical culture is the strength, yet there is an overemphasis on historical events. This research marked a methodological advancement by combining LDA and IPA, enabling a detailed analysis of vast online reviews and providing critical insights for improving the tourism destination image in architectural heritage studies.