Facile Synthesis Research Articles

Hierarchically Structured CuNiP/CuOx‐VP Nanoarrays Construction by Heteroatom Doping Boosting Glycerol Valorization at Industrial‐Level Current Density

AbstractElectrocatalytic valorization of glycerol to formate is considered to be a promising sustainable approach; however, it holds great challenges to increase catalyst activity and deliver market‐demanded chemicals with high Faradaic efficiency (FE) and selectivity under industrial‐level current density. Herein, hierarchically structured phosphorus vacancy‐enriched nickel phosphide porous nanoarrays by copper doping, denoted as CuNiP/CuOx‐VP, are constructed via a facile glycol‐mediated solvothermal approach. The CuNiP/CuOx‐VP yields an industry‐level 1 A cm−2 at the ultralow potential of 1.75 V, while showing notable FE (96.94%) and selectivity (96.76%) to formate over a wide range of potentials. Impressively, a two‐electrode electrolyzer linked to H2 evolution possesses exceptional activity that merely requires a cell voltage of 1.45 V to deliver 40 mA cm−2, exhibiting a high FE (97.53%) for formate production and surpassing the vast majority of previously reported precious metal electrocatalysts. Microscopic and electrochemical characterizations manifest that the CuNiP/CuOx‐VP composed of porous NiP nanosheets attached to aggregated CuOx particles featuring superaerophobic‐hydrophilic morphology enables increased active sites, favorable electronic redistribution, and thus boosted electrocatalytic performance. This study demonstrates an effective nanoarrays electrode for catalyst discovery, going from facile catalyst synthesis to structure‐activity relationship and subsequently developing more highly active electrocatalysts for energy‐saving coproduction of valuable chemicals.

Facile synthesis of polyester-polyether block copolyols for the sustainable high-performance polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesives

The presence of polyols with both polyester and polyether structures in polyurethane enhances bonding strength and facilitates easy curing. In this study, polyester-polyether block polyols with varying molecular weights (2500–3500) were synthesized through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using l-lactide (LA) and ε-Caprolactone (CL). The chemical structure of the polyols was characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) were employed to examine the crystalline morphology of the polyols. Subsequently, the synthesized polyols were combined with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and other additives to prepare polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesives. It was observed that, in PCL-based polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesives, increasing the molecular weight of the polyols resulted in improved crystalline morphology, increased lap shear strength and tensile strength, and enhanced thermal stability. On the other hand, PLA-based polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesives exhibited low bonding strength and lacked practical application value due to the poor toughness of PLA. Interestingly, the bonding strength and tensile strength of PLA-based polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesives improved when physically blended with PCL-based polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesives. These polyols offer a novel approach for utilizing LA and CL in adhesive applications.

A phase transition coordinated monoclinic Fe-based Prussian blue for high-performance sodium-ion battery cathode

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are ideal cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their cost-effectiveness, good low-temperature performance, and facile synthesis process. Nevertheless, their actual capacity and cycling stability limit practical application. Herein, a new chelating agent, sodium tartrate, is proposed to synthesize high-quality Fe-based Prussian blue (HQ-NFF) with enhanced Na content and a stable structure through chelation effect-assisted co-precipitation. The crystal structure of HQ-NFF undergoes a phase transition to a Na-rich monoclinic phase after full discharge, leading to improved capacity and cycling stability. The HQ-NFF cathode exhibits an ultra-high capacity of 160.8 mAh g−1 and a capacity of 146.1 mAh g−1 at 2 C, with a capacity retention of 75.3 % after 150 cycles. Moreover, a 3D-printed HQ-NFF cathode with an areal loading of 7.88 mg cm−2, delivers a high areal capacity of 0.969 mAh cm−2 and good rate capability.

Facile Synthesis of Zeolite NaX from Natural Attapulgite Clay for Pb2+ Adsorption

The synthesis of zeolites from natural aluminosilicate minerals has drawn extensive attention due to its significant utility in greening the zeolite manufacturing process. In this study, pure-phase NaX zeolite was synthesized via a low-temperature hydrothermal method, utilizing natural, low-quality attapulgite clay as the raw material. Acidified clay was fully activated through alkali fusion at 200 °C, and the impact of alkali fusion temperature, H2O/Na2O ratio, aging temperature, and crystallization time on the resulting crystalline NaX zeolite was investigated. The optimal conditions for obtaining pure NaX zeolite were determined to be alkali melting at 200 °C for 4 h, an H2O/Na2O ratio of 50, aging at 40 °C, and a crystallization period of 11 h at 90 °C. With a large BET surface area of 328.43 m2/g, the obtained NaX zeolite was used to adsorb Pb2+ from wastewater with a removal rate of 95%. This research provides a valuable method for the extensive and efficient utilization of low-grade natural attapulgite clay. Moreover, this is the first report on the synthesis of pure-phase NaX zeolite using only low-quality natural attapulgite clay as raw material through an atmospheric pressure water bath method.

Double [5]carbohelicene: facile synthesis, chiroptical properties, isomerization study, and lasing application

Double [5]carbohelicene: facile synthesis, chiroptical properties, isomerization study, and lasing application

Microgalvanic cell-mediated green synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes with (100) facets for boosting dopamine hydrochloride sensing performance

Despite numerous efforts have been made on exploring the preparation, properties and application of Cu2O nanocrystal, there is still a lack of a facile and green synthesis strategy to obtain well-defined Cu2O nanocubes (NCs). And exploration of the superior low-index lattice plane of Cu2O in electrochemical sensing is also inadequate. Herein, we proposed a Ni(OH)2-mediated in-situ synthetic strategy for the preparation of Cu2O NCs enclosed by low-index facets with simple procedure, mild temperature and low energy-consumption. The Ni(OH)2 sites not only facilitated the contact between Cu2+ and the substrate Ni foam (NF), but also can combine with the NF to act as a primary battery to regulate the nucleation and growth rate of Cu2O (100) facets. Benefiting from the high ratio of exposed electroneutral (100) lattice planes of nanocubes, the Cu2O NCs formed on Ni(OH)2-abundant Ni Foam (Cu2O NCs/NFEO) exhibited a wide linear range (3.25–1178.8 μM), a low detection limit (1.86 μM) and a high sensitivity (900 μA mM−1 cm−2) in dopamine hydrochloride (DAH) electrochemical sensing. This work expects to provide more clues about the relationship between different dominant low-index facets of Cu2O NCs and electrochemical sensing performance towards DAH, and thereby contributes to the development of functional materials based on Cu2O nanocrystals with desirable facets.

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterodinuclear Indium(III)/Sodium(I) Complexes Containing Benzotriazole-Derived Phenolate Ligands: Effective Catalysts for Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide with Epoxides.

This study reported for the first time the facile synthesis of a series of novel structurally well-characterized heterodinuclear indium(III)/sodium(I) dihalide complexes containing benzotriazole-based bis(amino-phenolate) derivatives. All heterobimetallic In(III)/Na(I) complexes were found to be active single-component catalysts for the copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) with cyclohexene oxide (CHO). Noteworthily, In/Na chloro complex 1 has been shown to give high copolymerization selectivity possessing >99% carbonate repeated units for CO2-derived poly(cyclohexene carbonate) production and displayed a turnover number of >1400 under the optimized conditions. Apart from the CO2/CHO copolymerization, the same complex was capable of mediating the CO2-copolymerization of 4-vinyl-1,2-cyclohexene oxide or cyclopentene oxide to deliver the related CO2-based polycarbonates. To the best of our knowledge, complex 1 in this work appears to be the first example of In/Na halide complex-promoted CO2/epoxide copolymerization that enabled the generation of aliphatic polycarbonates with good productivity and high product selectivity.

Nitrogen-Oxidized Tröger's Base Macrocyclic Arenes: Unprecedented Enantioselective Recognition in Water.

Achieving high enantioselectivity with synthetic receptors, particularly in water, remains a significant challenge despite the success seen in natural biological systems. In this study, we introduce a facile synthesis of Tröger's base (TB)-containing macrocyclic arenes (TBn), where TB units are linked via methylene bridges, providing the macrocycles with a rigid framework. Oxidation of enantiopure TBn yields corresponding chiral nitrogen oxides (TBnNO) with excellent water solubility, attributed to the high polarity of the N-O bond, surpassing the pH limitations of traditional ion-functionalized approaches. Remarkably, TBnNO exhibits exceptional enantioselective recognition toward a wide range of chiral guests in aqueous solution, achieving enantioselectivities as high as 41.0. The underlying mechanism involves a combination of hydrophobic interactions and steric effects caused by rigid chiral cavities. These findings highlight the potential of nitrogen-oxidized macrocycles as a transformative tool for supramolecular application in water.

Nitrogen‐Oxidized Tröger's Base Macrocyclic Arenes: Unprecedented Enantioselective Recognition in Water

Achieving high enantioselectivity with synthetic receptors, particularly in water, remains a significant challenge despite the success seen in natural biological systems. In this study, we introduce a facile synthesis of Tröger's base (TB)‐containing macrocyclic arenes (TBn), where TB units are linked via methylene bridges, providing the macrocycles with a rigid framework. Oxidation of enantiopure TBn yields corresponding chiral nitrogen oxides (TBnNO) with excellent water solubility, attributed to the high polarity of the N‐O bond, surpassing the pH limitations of traditional ion‐functionalized approaches. Remarkably, TBnNO exhibits exceptional enantioselective recognition toward a wide range of chiral guests in aqueous solution, achieving enantioselectivities as high as 41.0. The underlying mechanism involves a combination of hydrophobic interactions and steric effects caused by rigid chiral cavities. These findings highlight the potential of nitrogen‐oxidized macrocycles as a transformative tool for supramolecular application in water.

Facile synthesis and characterization of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4)-loaded cationic amino-modified passion fruit shell nanocomposite and their application in removal of anionic Alizarin Red S dye from aqueous medium

A newly synthesized magnetic nanocomposite, iron oxide-loaded cationic amino-modified passion fruit shell (Fe3O4@CMPFS), was utilized as a sorbent to eliminate anionic Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye from the wastewater. The Fe3O4@CMPFS was characterized to confirm the properties by physicochemical methods such as VSM, XRD, pHPZC, BET, FTIR, and FE-SEM with EDX. Batch tests were conducted to study the adsorption process, focusing on factors like the solution pH (from 2.0 to 11), amount of Fe3O4@CMPFS (from 10 to 80 mg/30 mL), contact duration (from 0 to 240 min), agitation speed (from 0 to 400 rpm) and temperature (from 298 to 328 K). The optimal conditions for attaining a 92.3 % removal efficiency were found to be a pH of 2.0, 60 mg of Fe3O4@CMPFS, a contact time of 60 min, agitation at 250 rpm, and a temperature of 298 K. The Fe3O4@CMPFS was determined to have a pHPZC value of approximately 6.2. The kinetic data indicated that the adsorption of ARS onto Fe3O4@CMPFS followed the pseudo-second-order model (high R2 = 0.9919; low SSE = 1.5) and was governed by film and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms. Furthermore, the isotherm data fit well with the Langmuir model (high R2 = 0.9983; low χ2 = 12.69), suggesting monolayer adsorption behaviour. The maximal sorption uptake of ARS on the Fe3O4@CMPFS was determined to be 233.4 ± 3.174 mg/g at 298 K through the Langmuir model. The estimated ΔH° (18.3 kJ/mol) and ΔS° (82 J/mol K) indicate the endothermic and enhanced randomness at the adsorbent/solute interface. The negative ΔG° values (−6.2298 to −8.7283 kJ/mol at 298–328 K) confirm spontaneous sorption dominated by physisorption. The Fe3O4@CMPFS composite had good recyclability and was easy to separate from water, which maintained excellent adsorption performance after eight regeneration cycles. The superb adsorption efficiency and recycling performance of Fe3O4@CMPFS provide a prospect way to remove ARS dye from industrial effluents.

Harnessing perovskite materials for water decontamination: a comprehensive review.

Perovskites have recently emerged as a promising class of materials with a wide range of applications, including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and catalysts. In addition, perovskites have demonstrated significant potential for water decontamination due to their tunable properties and facile synthesis. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of perovskites, including their preparation techniques, crystal structure, and electronic properties. The article also highlights the various applications of perovskites, with a particular focus on their use in water decontamination. The different types of perovskites for water decontamination, including simple, substituted, and doped perovskites, as well as nanoscopic and supported perovskites, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the article addresses the beneficial costs of perovskites and the environmental impacts associated with their use, including toxicity and end-of-life management. The aim of this review article is to provide a broad perspective on perovskites and their potential for water decontamination, as well as future prospects and challenges in various applications.

High-voltage and highly reversible redox chemistry of in situ cross-linked polydiphenylamine as an aqueous zinc battery cathode

Organic redox-active materials are promising electrode candidates for the next generation of rechargeable batteries owing to their versatile redox chemistry, sustainability, and potential low cost. Here, we present polydiphenylamine as a moderately high-voltage (1.25 V vs. Zn) and highly reversible organic cathode for aqueous zinc batteries. As revealed by cyclic voltammetry and spectroscopic analysis, the chemical oxidation–derived diphenylamine dimer electrochemically transforms into a cross-linked polymeric material during the first electrochemical oxidation (charge), which then operates by p-doping/dedoping redox of the amine center and a pseudocapacitor-like solid-state charge storage mechanism during the subsequent discharge-charge cycles. With an 80 wt% active loading, the polymer cathode delivers a specific capacity of 138 mAh/g at 100 mA/g, with 73% retention over 1000 cycles at a 99.8% Coulombic efficiency. Excellent rate capability is evidenced by 87 mAh/g capacity at 400 mA/g and highly stable cycling of over 1200 cycles under variable current rates. Facile one-step synthesis, fast charge storage kinetics, and attractive electrochemical performance establish polydiphenylamine as a notable organic cathode candidate for aqueous zinc batteries.

Convenient partial reduction of CO2 to a useful C1 building block: efficient access to 13C‐labelled N‐heterocyclic carbenes

The selective, transition metal‐free hydrosilylation of CO2 to CH2(OSiEt3)2 has been achieved under mild conditions and in high isolated yields (up to 90%) using Et3SiH and the simple, easily prepared borohydride catalyst Li+[HB(C6F5)3]−. The resulting CO2‐derived bis(silyl)acetal product – whose mechanism of formation has been interrogated through detailed computational and experimental studies – can be rapidly valorized through the facile synthesis of N‐heterocyclic carbenes, via their corresponding imidazolium salts. By using relatively inexpensive, isotopically enriched 13CO2 this protocol can be exploited to prepare NHC isotopologues that are selectively 13C labelled at the key, ligating C2 position. This provides an electronically responsive 13C NMR spectroscopic handle with dramatically enhanced sensitivity which can directly benefit reactivity studies in both organo‐ and organometallic catalysis, where NHC use is ubiquitous.

Chitosan supported hetero-metallic bio-nanocomposites for paracetamol removal from homogeneous solutions and heterogeneous mixtures with focused antibacterial studies

Biopolymers infused with bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit a wide range of functionalities necessary for efficiently eliminating diverse water contaminants. However, the protracted production process requires further exploration. As such, present study seeks to optimize microwave-assisted technique for the facile synthesis of cross-linked chitosan (CTS) supported bimetallic-oxide nanoparticles, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron-oxide (Fe3O4), denoted as CTS-TTP/Zn-Fe. The primary objective is to investigate the efficacy of these beads in the removal of Paracetamol (PCM) from single and complex water matrices while also assessing their antibacterial properties. Characterization includes chemical composition, surface structures, thermal stability, and magnetic properties. The experimental results demonstrated that CTS-TPP/Zn-Fe beads achieved a remarkable PCM removal efficiency of ~99 % (qm = 4.98 mg g−1), with a Zn:Fe mole ratio of 1:1. The experimental data showed good applicability with Freundlich isotherm and chemisorption-supported rate models (R2 > 0.9). To evaluate the long-term viability and practicality of these beads, three crucial field applicability tests were conducted. These encompassed competition studies with other pharmaceuticals, desorption investigations for repeated use, and efficiency evaluations in an ionic solution. Collectively, this research provides a comprehensive understanding, spanning from material design to practical applications, with potential relevance for large-scale wastewater treatment when coupled with appropriate flux control measures.

Bismuth-Tin Core-Shell Particles From Liquid Metals: A Novel, Highly Efficient Photothermal Material that Combines Broadband Light Absorption with Effective Light-to-Heat Conversion.

This study presents a pioneering investigation of hybrid bismuth-tin (BiSn) liquid metal particles for photothermal applications. It is shown that the intrinsic core-shell structure of liquid metal particles can be instrumentalized to combine the broadband absorption characteristics of defect-rich nano-oxides and the high light-to-heat conversion efficiency of metallic particles. Even though bismuth or tin does not show any photothermal characteristics alone, optimization of the core-shell structure of BiSn particles leads to the discovery of novel, highly efficient photothermal materials. Particles with optimized structures can absorb 85% of broadband light and achieve over 90% photothermal conversion efficiency. It is demonstrated that these particles can be used as a solar absorber for solar water evaporation systems owing to their broadband absorption capability and become a non-carbon alternative enabling scalable applications. We also showcased their use in polymer actuators in which a near-infrared (NIR) response stems from theiroxide shell, and fast heating/cooling rates achieved by the metal core enable rapid response and local movement. These findings underscore the potential of BiSn liquid metal-derived core-shell particles for diverse applications, capitalizing on their outstanding photothermal properties as well as their facile and scalable synthesis conditions.

Catalyst‐Free, Radical Tri‐ and Difluoromethylation of Isocyanides and N‐Arylacrylamides Using Rotating Magnetic Field and Metal Rods

Comprehensive SummaryThe pursuit of sustainable and environmentally benign synthetic methods continues to challenge organic chemists. Herein, we introduce a magnetoredox system for tri‐ and difluoromethylation of isocyanides and N‐arylacrylamides using a rotating magnetic field and steel rods. This magnetoredox approach enables facile synthesis of functionalized phenanthridines and oxindoles without the need for catalysts and additives under mild conditions. Such a system potentially represents an attractive strategy for selective formation of bonds through multifaceted regulation of magnetic intensity, rotating frequency, and rod size.

Single-Stranded Hairpin Loop RNAs (loopmeRNAs) Potently Induce Gene Silencing through the RNA Interference Pathway.

Synthetic small interfering RNAs conjugated to trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) are clinically validated drugs for treatment of liver diseases. Incorporation of phosphorothioate linkages and ribose modifications are necessary for stability, potency, and duration of pharmacology. Although multiple alternative siRNA designs such as Dicer-substrate RNA, shRNA, and circular RNA have been evaluated in vitro and in preclinical studies with some success, clinical applications of these designs are limited as it is difficult to incorporate chemical modifications in these designs. An alternative siRNA design that can incorporate chemical modifications through straightforward synthesis without compromising potency will significantly advance the field. Here, we report a facile synthesis of GalNAc ligand-containing single-stranded loop hairpin RNAs (loopmeRNAs) with clinically relevant chemical modifications. We evaluated the efficiency of novel loopmeRNA designs in vivo and correlated their structure-activity relationship with the support of in vitro metabolism data. Sequences and chemical modifications in the loop region of the loopmeRNA design were optimized for maximal potency. Our studies demonstrate that loopmeRNAs can efficiently silence expression of target genes with comparable efficacy to conventional double-stranded siRNAs but reduced environmental and regulatory burdens.

Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Tertiary C(sp3)-H Bonds with CO2: Facile Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Carboxylic Acids.

Direct carboxylation of C-H bonds with CO2 represents an attractive strategy to synthesize valuable carboxylic acids with high atom, step, and redox economy. Although great progress has been achieved in this field, catalytic carboxylation of tertiary C(sp3)-H bonds still remains challenging due to their inherent inertness and significant steric hindrance. Herein, we report a direct carboxylation of tertiary benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds with CO2 via visible-light photoredox catalysis. Various all-carbon quaternary carboxylic acids, which are of significant importance in medicinal chemistry, are successfully obtained with high yields. This direct carboxylation is characterized by good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and mild operational conditions. Furthermore, our methodology enables the efficient and rapid synthesis of key drug or bioactive molecules, such as carbetapentane, caramiphen, and PRE-084 (σ1 receptor agonist), and facilitates various functionalizations of C(sp2)-H bonds using the directing ability of target carboxylic acids, thus highlighting its practical applications. Mechanistic studies indicate that a carbanion, which serves as the key intermediate to react with CO2, is catalytically generated via a single electron reduction of a benzylic radical through a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process.

Facile synthesis of hollow Zn-Co-S and Zn-Co-P nanostructures supported on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) represent a novel energy storage solution, merging the high energy storage capacity of lithium-ion batteries with the adequate power density of supercapacitors. However, the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion capacitors is notably constrained by the inherent imbalance between the charge storage mechanisms and electrochemical reaction dynamics of their anodes and cathodes. In this study, a dual-shell hollow structured ZnCo2S4 was prepared via a two-step hydrothermal method and compared with spherical ZnCo2P4 prepared by calcination. Subsequently, they were respectively anchored onto two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, which possess abundant surface functional groups, through electrostatic adsorption, forming layered semi-encapsulated framework structures. The introduction of MXene significantly enhances the conductivity of the material, restricts the expansion of ZnCo2S4 and ZnCo2P4 during the Li+ insertion/extraction process, and inhibits their aggregation. Under a three-electrode configuration, ZnCo2S4/Ti3C2Tx exhibits excellent rate performance (1004 C·g−1 at 10 A·g−1) and cycling stability (95 % capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 2 A·g−1). The discharge capacity of the ZnCo2S4/Ti3C2Tx LIB is up to 1360 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1, and the discharge capacity of the ZnCo2P4/Ti3C2Tx LIB is 1121 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1. As an anode material for LIC, ZnCo2S4/Ti3C2Tx demonstrates excellent specific capacitance and rate performance (105 F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1). At a power density of 337.10 W·kg−1, ZnCo2S4/Ti3C2Tx//AC LIC exhibits a significant energy density of 136.25 Wh·kg−1. At a current density of 2 A·g−1, ZnCo2S4/Ti3C2Tx//AC LIC retains 89 % of its capacity after 5000 charge-discharge cycles, demonstrating excellent stability for practical applications. ZnCo2P4/Ti3C2Tx//AC LIC exhibits an energy density of 45.20 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 623.07 W·kg−1, and after 5000 cycles at 2 A·g−1, its capacity retention rate reaches 80 %. These findings suggest that ZnCo2S4/Ti3C2Tx and ZnCo2P4/Ti3C2Tx composites are promising anode materials for LICs.

Sec-isoamyl Mercaptan (SIT), a Multi-faceted Disulfide Based Protecting Group for Cysteine Thiol

IntroductionThe successful synthesis of a peptide requires the synchronization of several processes, including the efficient execution of protecting group chemistry. For cysteine (Cys)-peptides, this is more crucial because the trifunctional Cys has a free thiol in its side chain. During synthesis, this free thiol function remains protected with suitable protecting groups and can be removed after synthesis using appropriate methods. Sec-isoamyl mercaptan (SIT) is a versatile disulfide-based protecting group for Cys side chain thiol. The removal of SIT from Cys thiol can be achieved using a mild reducing agent (e. g. DTT). This later promotes efficient disulfide bond formation by oxidation. SIT can also direct/activate the Cys thiol for the chemoselective formation of disulfide bonds by thiol-disulfide interchange.MethodsPeptides were synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis techniques. The removal of the SIT group was carried out either in the solid phase or in the solution.ResultsIn the present study, we have shown that SIT can be efficiently removed both in solution and on-resin to facilitate disulfide-bridged peptide synthesis. This was exemplified by two syntheses of an atosiban derivative, where the SIT was removed in solution or in solid-phase. Furthermore, a SIT-based facile one-pot synthesis pathway was devised for disulfide-rich peptides. The strategy was faster and greener as it did not involve using an oxidizer. Conotoxin (two S–S) and linaclotide amide (three S–S) were successfully synthesized by adopting the SIT-based strategy. Finally, a racemization study was carried out for SIT, Trt and StBu-protected Cys-peptides. In all cases, SIT-protected peptides showed lesser racemization than StBu-protected peptides. In some instances (synthesis using DMF), SIT-protected peptides showed less racemization compared to the Trt congeners.ConclusionOverall, the multifaceted use of SIT-protection during the synthesis of disulfide-rich peptides has illustrated its versatility as a Cys thiol protecting group.