Facile One-step Electrodeposition Research Articles

Study on evaluating and optimizing surface property mechanisms of polyalloy for enhanced OER catalyses via electrodeposited technique coupled with molecular dynamics simulations

Polyalloy catalysts composed of non-precious metals exhibit considerable potentials for facilitating overall water splitting processes in alkaline environments. However, achieving evaluations and optimizations of surface property mechanisms of polyalloy for enhanced OER catalyses is the key scientific issue that urgently need to be solved. Electrodeposited technique coupled with molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) are the key to breaking through aforementioned bottlenecks. Moreover, accurately predicting selections of non-precious metal elements in these catalysts through molecular dynamics simulations poses a challenging task. Here, three distinct non-precious metal catalysts (i.e. Ni, NiCo, and NiCoFe) were successfully synthesized through a facile one-step electrodeposition approach under a three-electrode system, which were deposited onto carbon sheets. For the sake of evaluating catalytic properties, MDS were utilized to calculate contact angles on ideal surfaces, which were verified by experimental measurements. Furthermore, ternary alloy catalysts (i.e. NiCoFe) exhibited an overpotential of 254 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm2 and exhibited remarkable stability over a prolonged 150-hour testing period. Finally, main findings can further underscore potentials of utilizing electrodeposition to fabricate efficient non-precious metal catalytic electrodes for overall water splitting, as well as the feasibility of indirectly predicting electrocatalytic performances of such cost-effective catalysts via MDS.

Fluorine-free superhydrophobic Ni/Mn-TiO2 composite coatings on carbon steel via one-step electrodeposition for enhanced durability and corrosion resistance

The application of superhydrophobic coatings on carbon steel (CS) surface represents an effective strategy for mitigating corrosion in these materials. This study presents the preparation of superhydrophobic Ni/Mn-TiO2 composite (SNMT) coatings on CS substrates through a facile one-step electrodeposition technique. The formation mechanism of SNMT coatings was meticulously analyzed under varying conditions of nanoparticle types and concentration levels. The inclusion of TiO2 nanoparticles, with an optimal additive concentration of 1 g, facilitated the formation of numerous low surface energy, cauliflower-like microstructures on CS interface. Surprisingly, the results indicate that SNMT coatings maintained commendable superhydrophobicity even post-exposure to superficial damages such as tape peeling, sandpaper wear, and knife-scratch, as evidenced by a static contact angle (CA) exceeding 158° and a sliding angle (SA) below 2°. Furthermore, the corrosion inhibition efficacy of SNMT coatings was quantitatively assessed via dynamic potential polarization curves in a simulated seawater environment. The results demonstrated that SNMT coatings exhibited excellent corrosion inhibition performance in simulated seawater solution, with a protection efficiency (PE) reaching 96.5 %. In conclusion, superhydrophobic surfaces can effectively inhibit the penetration of corrosive liquids. The durability and robustness of such superhydrophobic surfaces advocate for their potential widespread application in enhancing the longevity and reliability of CS in corrosive environments.

PANI/GO and Sm co-modified Ti/PbO2 dimensionally stable anode for highly efficient amoxicillin degradation: Performance assessment, impact parameters and degradation mechanism

The abuse and uncontrolled discharge of antibiotics present a severe threat to environment and human health, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable treatment technology. In this work, we employ a facile one-step electrodeposition method to prepare polyaniline/graphite oxide (PANI/GO) and samarium (Sm) co-modified Ti/PbO2 (Ti/PbO2-PANI/GO-Sm) electrode for the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX). Compared with traditional Ti/PbO2 electrode, Ti/PbO2-PANI/GO-Sm electrode exhibits more excellent oxygen evolution potential (2.63 V) and longer service life (56 h). In degradation experiment, under optimized conditions (50 mg L−1 AMX, 20 mA cm−2, pH 3, 0.050 M Na2SO4, 25 °C), Ti/PbO2-PANI/GO-Sm electrode achieves remarkable removal efficiencies of 88.76% for AMX and 79.92% for chemical oxygen demand at 90 min. In addition, trapping experiment confirms that ·OH plays a major role in the degradation process. Based on theoretical calculation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer results, the heterocyclic portion of AMX molecule is more susceptible to ·OH attacks. Thus, this novel electrode offers a sustainable and efficient solution to address environmental challenges posed by antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.

Ni,Fe,Co-LDH Coated Porous Transport Layers for Zero-Gap Alkaline Water Electrolyzers.

Next-generation alkaline water electrolyzers will be based on zero-gap configuration to further reduce costs related to technology and to improve performance. Here, anodic porous transport layers (PTLs) for zero-gap alkaline electrolysis are prepared through a facile one-step electrodeposition of Ni,Fe,Co-based layered double hydroxides (LDH) on 304 stainless steel (SS) meshes. Electrodeposited LDH structures are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirming the formation of high surface area catalytic layers. Finally, bi and trimetallic LDH-based PTLs are tested as electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH solution. The best electrodes are based on FeCo LDH, reaching 10 mA cm-2 with an overpotential value of 300 mV. These PTLs are also tested with a chronopotentiometric measurement carried out for 100 h at 50 mA cm-2, showing outstanding durability without signs of electrocatalytic activity degradation.

Supercapacitive properties of carbazole-containing cobalt(II) phthalocyanines/reduced graphene oxide composites.

This study aims to compare the effect of substituents (position and number) and reduced graphene oxide on the supercapacitive properties of cobalt(II) phthalocyanines. For this purpose, three new tetra- and octa-substituted cobalt(II) phthalocyanines bearing 9H-carbazol-2-yloxy groups on peripheral or non-peripheral positions (1-3) were synthesized. The characterization of the resultant cobalt(II) phthalocyanines was carried out by applying several spectroscopic approaches. The newly synthesized macromolecules were used for the functionalization of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The obtained nanocomposites (rGO-(1-3)) were utilized for the modification of Ni foam (NiF) electrodes through a facile one-step electrodeposition strategy performed for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. Simultaneous polymerization of the cobalt phthalocyanines and electrochemically reduction of graphene oxide led to the formation of a fabricating layer on the surface of the NiF electrode. The resulting electropolymerized films were characterized by Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) spectroscopic techniques as well as electrochemical methods. The prepared electrodes possessed superior electrochemical activities owing to the synergistic effect of the cobalt(II) phthalocyanines and rGO. All the modified electrodes displayed high supercapacitaive properties and the highest activity was obtained for the NiF/rGO2-1 electrode. The NiF/rGO2-1 electrode exhibited higher specific capacitance (655.2 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1) than NiF/1 (338.0 F g-1). Additionally, a specific capacitance of 85.2% was obtained for NiF/rGO2-1 electrode after 3000 charge-discharge cycles. As a result, all the prepared metallophthalocyanines-reduced graphene oxide can be considered alternative agents to develop high performance-next-generation energy storage devices.

A rapid one-step electrodeposition method for fabrication of the superhydrophobic nickel/cobalt alloy surfaces with excellent robustness and durability features

The artificial superhydrophobic surfaces were successfully assembled on various substrates by adjusting surface roughness and reducing surface energy. In this work, a series of superhydrophobic Ni/Co alloy (SNCA) surfaces with hierarchical micro/nano rough structures were prepared on brass substrates by a facile one-step electrodeposition method. Based on these surfaces, the influences of manufacturing parameters and their structure on the wettability of SNCA were well discussed. The results confirmed that SNCAt under the synergy of multi-optimal parameters (m, i, t) displays a more ordered cone-flower structure, showing excellent superhydrophobicity (WCA = 167.9°, WSA = 3.2°), and the massive pollutants spread on its surface can be easily taken away by the rolling water droplets within 40 s. It is reassuring to know that SNCAt surface still retains good superhydrophobicity after undergoing blade scraping, tape stripping, sandpaper cyclic wear, heat treatment and chemical corrosion, which shows long-term durability. The corrosion protection capability of the as-fabricated SNCA was also evaluated by electrochemical corrosion techniques. The results show that SNCA has outstanding corrosion inhibition performance in simulated seawater solution, and especially the protection efficiency of SNCAt can reach above 98 %. In conclusion, the existence of superhydrophobic surface can be regarded as a barrier, and the perfect interface of gas-liquid can effectively inhibit the permeation of corrosive ions. Therefore, the superhydrophobic surface with robustness and durability will be a promising alternative technique for corrosion protection.

Highly Efficient Cobalt Sulfide Heterostructures Fabricated on Nickel Foam Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Water Electrolysis Cells

Non-noble metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have recently gained particular attention. In the present work, a facile one-step electrodeposition method is applied in situ to synthesize cobalt sulfide nanostructures on nickel foam (NF) electrodes. For the first time, a systematic study is carried out on the impact of the Co/S molar ratio on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical characteristics of Ni-based OER electrodes by employing Co(NO3)2·6 H2O and CH4N2S as Co and S precursors, respectively. The optimum performance was obtained for an equimolar Co:S ratio (1:1), whereas sulfur-rich or Co-rich electrodes resulted in an inferior behavior. In particular, the CoxSy@NF electrode with Co/S (1:1) exhibited the lowest overpotential value at 10 mA cm−2 (0.28 V) and a Tafel slope of 95 mV dec−1, offering, in addition, a high double-layer capacitance (CDL) of 10.7 mF cm−2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements confirmed the crucial effect of the Co/S ratio on the charge-transfer reaction rate, which is maximized for a Co:S molar ratio of 1:1. Moreover, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were conducted to gain insights into the impact of the Co/S ratio on the structural and morphological characteristics of the electrodes. Notably, the CoxSy@NF electrocatalyst with an equimolar Co:S ratio presented a 3D flower-like nanosheet morphology, offering an increased electrochemically active surface area (ESCA) and improved OER kinetics.

Porous Ni–Fe–Cr electrocatalyst for the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction via facile one-step electrodeposition

A high-performance bifunctional Ni–Fe–Cr electrocatalyst with a coral reef-like porous structure was fabricated by facile one-step electrodeposition at a high cathodic current density of 8 A/cm2 for 30 min in an optimal electrodeposition bath containing 80 g/L CrCl3 and 1 M NH4Cl. The highly porous Ni–Fe–Cr electrocatalyst exhibits extremely low overpotential of 234 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 13 mVRHE for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 M KOH at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, respectively. The excellent performance of the Ni–Fe–Cr electrocatalyst can be attributed to the modulation of the electronic structure due to the incorporation of Cr enhanced performance capabilities of the porous Ni–Fe–Cr originate from the increased electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), which is 22 times larger than that of thin Ni–Fe–Cr. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits high stability towards the OER and HER in an alkaline solution for 36 h. This work offers a facile synthesis method by which to create a highly porous Ni–Fe–Cr electrocatalyst by electrodeposition and a strategy for increasing the catalytic activity by controlling the pore size.

One-step electrodeposition of composition-controllable dendritic NiFe alloy electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

The development of cost-effective, highly stable, and efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial step for large-scale industrial application of water electrolysis. This study introduces a facile and swift one-step electrodeposition method for the in-situ formation of dendritic NiFe alloy electrocatalysts supported on a nickel mesh. By fine-tuning the current density during electrodeposition, both the morphology and the nickel-iron ratio of the NiFe alloy can be optimized to enhance its OER performance. With an optimized nickel-iron ratio, the dendritic NiFe alloy catalyst demonstrates outstanding performance, achieving a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 at an overpotential of 242 mV in 1 M KOH solution, with a smaller charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 1.033 Ω and a low Tafel slope of 56.64 mV·dec−1. Moreover, the NiFe alloy catalyst exhibits good stability, maintaining a consistent current density of 10 mA·cm−2 over 30 h period with negligible fluctuations in overpotential. Moreover, at a current density of 50 mA·cm−2, the Faradaic efficiency for O2 achieves an impressive rate of 97.70%. This work presents a facile and efficient approach for the controlled synthesis of NiFe alloy OER electrocatalysts, providing a potential catalyst for industrial-scale water electrolysis applications.

B4C/Ce co-modified Ti/PbO2 dimensionally stable anode: Facile one-step electrodeposition preparation and highly efficient electrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

The application of PbO2 for electrochemical oxidation technology is limited by its low electrocatalytic activity and short service life. Herein, based on the facile one-step electrodeposition, we prepared a boron carbide (B4C) and cerium (Ce) co-modified Ti/PbO2 (Ti/PbO2–B4C–Ce) electrode to overcome these shortcomings. Compared with Ti/PbO2 electrode, the denser surface is displayed by Ti/PbO2–B4C–Ce electrode. Meanwhile, electrochemical characterization indicates that the introduction of B4C and Ce significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of PbO2 electrode. In degradation experiments, under optimized conditions (current density 20 mA cm−2, pH 9, 0.15 M Na2SO4 and 30 °C), the fully degradation of tetracycline (TC) can be completed within 30 min. Furthermore, the trapping experiment demonstrates that ∙OH and SO4·- radicals have a synergistic effect in the degradation process of TC. Based on results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, the generated ·OH preferentially attacks amides, phenols and conjugated double bond groups in TC. Importantly, Ti/PbO2–B4C–Ce electrode maintains a constant degradation efficiency even after 10 recycling tests, and its service life is 2.4 times of traditional Ti/PbO2 electrode. Hence, Ti/PbO2–B4C–Ce electrode is a promising electrode for degradation of organic wastewater containing amides, phenols, and conjugated double bond groups.

One-step electrodeposition enables bioinspired SLIPS coating for corrosion inhibition of Mg-Li alloy

Advancements in the fabrication process are vital for practical application of Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS) in corrosion inhibition. Currently, the method requires multiple steps, including forming a hydrophobic structure and infusing a lubricant. Developing a one-step strategy is crucial for practical implementation. In this report, we achieved a facile one-step electrodeposition of SLIPS onto a magnesium-lithium alloy (Mg-Li) using a versatile deep eutectic solvent (DES). Acting as the electrolyte, DES facilitates the electrodeposition of a solid-state material, serving as a corrosion inhibiting coating based on SLIPS principle. The as-deposited nanowall material acts as a porous matrix to anchor the DES phase. This DES based SLIPS provides corrosion inhibition and anti-icing property to the underneath Mg-Li alloy. By simplifying the fabrication process of SLIPS, this strategy paves the way for extensive utilization of the coating on various metals.

Bimetallic nickel-cobalt nanospheres electrodeposited on nickel foam as a battery-type electrode material for fabrication of asymmetric supercapacitors

The development of electrode materials with nanostructures is of great importance in the field of supercapacitors. In the present research, the direct simultaneous deposition of Ni-Co nanosphere (Ni-Co NS) on nickel foam as a substrate has been performed by facile one-step electrodeposition method without any template to provide excellent electrical conductivity and efficiency of electrode materials. The SEM images of Ni-Co NS electrode showed a nanosphere shape. The electrochemical performance of the electrodeposited nanosphere has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The Ni-Co NS electrode showed a good specific capacity of 564.6 C g−1 at 2 A g−1 with rate capability of 70% in the current density range of 2–20 A g−1, reasonable cyclic stability of 86% after 5000 cycles at the scan rate of 70 mV s−1, low internal resistance, and high surface area of the nanospheres. Interestingly, an asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated using Ni-Co NS and activated carbon as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, operating at the potential window of 1.5 V delivered high energy and power densities of 34.5 Wh kg−1 and 683 W kg−1, respectively.

Tailoring Ni-Fe-Se film on Ni foam via electrodeposition optimization for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

The development of efficient non-precious metal electrocatalysts is essential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for water splitting. Among them, amorphous bimetallic NiFe-based compounds are recognized as one of the excellent candidates for efficient OER. Herein, the Ni-Fe-Se film is rationally designed via facile one-step electrodeposition with tailored active sites and thicknesses. Accordingly, the optimized sample, with an increased Fe-incorporation level and a thickness of ∼50 nm, shows a low overpotential of ∼290 mV at a current density of 40 mA cm−2 and long-term durability in 1 M KOH solution, representing its overall excellent OER performance. Furthermore, operando Raman and ex-situ XPS are used to identify the active sites for OER. This work provides some new insights into exploring earth-abundant free-standing catalysts for OER toward overall water-splitting applications.

Electrodeposited cobalt phosphide film with regulated interfacial structure and wetting for enhanced hydrogen evolution performance: Effect of saccharin

The exploration of earth-abundant and highly efficient catalysts for water electrolysis is vital for the sustainable development of future hydrogen economies but remains challenging. The rational construction of the special-interfacial structure is identified as one of the most efficient strategies to enhance the performance of water-electrolysis catalysts. Herein, cobalt phosphorus nanosheet arrays mediated by saccharin grown on copper foam (Co-P(SA)/CF) are rationally prepared via a facile one-step electrodeposition approach from a deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, known as Ethaline. Introducing SA increases the P content in the deposited Co-P composites with an optimized electronic structure and creates a superaerophobic surface to accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Such results significantly enhance the HER activity of Co-P(SA)/CF, requiring a small overpotential of 148.18 mV to drive 100 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. Impressively, Co-P(SA)/CF provides remarkable HER stability and can maintain 100 mA cm−2 over 165 h for continuous electrolysis operation in 6 M KOH at 80°C. Our work provides a promising avenue to regulate the interface super-wetting property of Co-P electrodes and offers a facile and efficient strategy for designing high-efficiency catalysts with superaerophobic surfaces for practical water electrolysis.

Synergistic combination of a Co-doped σ-MnO2 cathode with an electrolyte additive for a high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery

The key challenges in aqueous zinc-manganese dioxide batteries (MnO2//Zn) are their poor electrochemical kinetics and stability, which are mainly due to low conductivity and the inevitable dissolution of MnO2. A synergistic combination of a Co-doped σ-MnO2 electrode (Co-MnO2) and a Co(CH3COO)2•4H2O (CoAc) electrolyte additive is here developed to design a high-performance aqueous MnO2//Zn battery (denoted as a Co-MnO2//Zn battery with CoAc). The introduction of Co ions (Co3+/Co2+) into the σ-MnO2 electrode is achieved via a facile one-step electrodeposition method. Benefitting from the synergistic coupling effect of the Co-MnO2 electrode and the CoAc electrolyte additive, the fabricated Co-MnO2//Zn battery with CoAc shows a commendable discharge capacity of 313.8 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, excellent rate performance, excellent durability over 1000 cycles (∼ 92% capacity retention at 1.0 A g−1) and admirable energy density (439.3 Wh kg−1), which is a significant improvement compared with an un-doped σ-MnO2//Zn battery.

Carbon quantum dot-induced robust ε-MnO2 electrode by synergistic engineering of oxygen vacancy and low crystallinity for high-performance flexible asymmetric supercapacitor

Developing high-capacitance and robust electrode materials for robust flexible supercapacitors is an ongoing challenge. To fabricate such energy storage devices, flexible electrodes with desired electrochemical and mechanical performances are crucial. Composition and structure tailoring of electrode materials play a significant role in exploiting high-performance flexible supercapacitors. Herein, CQDs-modified ε-MnO2 nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancies and low crystallinity was uniformly grown on the skeletons of carbon cloth by a facile one-step electrodeposition strategy. Benefiting from the structural features and intrinsic defects, the obtained CQDs/ε-MnO2 electrode delivered outstanding mechanical property with tensile strength of 87 MPa and excellent electrochemical activity with high specific capacitance of 334.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and remarkable rate capability as well as good cycling stability with 90% of capacitance retention after 6000 cycles at 5 A g−1, which was much better than pristine ε-MnO2 electrode. In addition, the assembled aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with good flexibility based on the CQDs/ε-MnO2 electrode could provide an energy density of 68.2 Wh kg−1 with power density of 990 W kg−1 at 5 A g−1 and long-term stability, outperforming most currently available flexible supercapacitors.

Mechanistic scrutinizing the charge storage phenomena of battery-grade Mn-Co-S electrodes

To accelerate the performance of supercapacitors, it is necessary to discover a new class of material with high energy density and redox stability. In this article, we have reported the electrochemical charge storage behavior of binary cobalt manganese sulfides Mn-Co-S (MCS) based binder-free electrodes, which were synthesized thru a facile one-step electrodeposition technique for supercapacitors. We have analyzed the structure and electrochemical properties by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge Discharge (GCD), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The charge storage nature of the MCS electrodes were scrutinized by applying Power law and Dunn's model to the experimental data. Extracted b-values and dominated diffusive contribution in total specific capacity reveal that MCS has battery-grade nature with high redox reactions stability and capacity. The outcomes suggested that MCS-based electrodes are an appropriate candidate for enhancing the energy density along with the redox reaction stability of asymmetric supercapacitors.

Amorphous Co-Mo-B Film: A High-Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation in Alkaline Seawater.

The development of efficient electrochemical seawater splitting catalysts for large-scale hydrogen production is of great importance. In this work, we report an amorphous Co-Mo-B film on Ni foam (Co-Mo-B/NF) via a facile one-step electrodeposition process. Such amorphous Co-Mo-B/NF possesses superior activity with a small overpotential of 199 mV at 100 mA cm-2 for a hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline seawater. Notably, Co-Mo-B/NF also maintains excellent stability for at least 24 h under alkaline seawater electrolysis.

In Situ Growth of CoP Nanosheet Arrays on Carbon Cloth as Binder-Free Electrode for High-Performance Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Cobalt phosphide (CoP) is considered as one of the most promising candidates for anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its low-cost, abundant availability, and high theoretical capacity. However, problems of low conductivity, heavy aggregation, and volume change of CoP, hinder its practical applicability. In this study, a binder-free electrode is successfully prepared by growing CoP nanosheets arrays directly on a carbon cloth (CC) via a facile one-step electrodeposition followed by an in situ phosphorization strategy. The CoP@CC anode exhibits good interfacial bonding between the CoP and CC, which can improve the conductivity of the integrated electrode. More importantly, the 3D network structure composed of CoP nanosheets and CC provides sufficient space to alleviate the volume expansion of CoP and shorten the electron/ion transport paths. Moreover, the support of CC effectively prevents the agglomeration of CoP. Based on these advantages, when CoP@CC is paired with the NCM523 cathode, the full cell delivers a high discharge capacity 919.6 mAh g-1 (2.1 mAh cm-2 ) after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g-1 . The feasibility and safety of producing pouch cells are also explored, which show good flexibility and safety despite rigorous strikes (mechanical damage and severe deformations), implying a great potential for practical applications.

Electrochemically Dealloyed 3D Porous Copper Nanostructure As High-Performance Anode Current Collector of Li-Metal Batteries

Li metal anode is the ultimate choice for Li batteries owning to its highest theoretical capacity (3806 mAh/g) and lowest redox potential (-3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode) among possible candidates.[1] However, despite the advantages of Li metal anodes, a number of remaining challenges must be addressed before its commercialization: undesired dendrite growth of Li, and irreversible parasitic reactions between Li and electrolyte, etc.Stabilization of Li metal is essential for commercial application of Li metal anodes. In the past few years, several strategies have been developed to suppress Li dendrite growth and stabilize SEI formation during Li plating/stripping processes. Among these strategies, 3D current collectors showed its high potential in Li anode stabilization due to its much larger surface area, which can provide much more Li nucleation sites, alleviate volumetric changes of Li anode, and decrease practical current density. Thus, compared to flat Cu foil used in commercial Li-ion batteries, 3D Cu current collectors can facilitate uniform Li deposition, mitigate Li dendrite growth, and enhance Li cycling stability.[2]Our previous work reported a 3D porous Cu current collector fabricated via a facile one-step electrodeposition method directly on commercial Cu foil. [3] The fabricated 3D porous Cu current collector showed stable long-term cycling with a high areal capacity of 6 mAh/cm2 and no Li dendrite growth was observed during cycling process. However, for the one-step electrodeposition method, the thickness of the porous Cu deposition layer is limited. Thus, preparation of 3D porous Cu layers with both high thickness and high porosity is necessary to further improve the areal capacity of this current collector. Recently, we developed a new two-step electrochemical process to fabricate thick and porous Cu layer: a thick Cu-Zn alloy was first electrodeposited on commercial Cu foil, and Zn was then removed electrochemically, leaving a thick and highly porous 3D Cu layer. Compared to our previous method, this 3D Cu layer has a high thickness of ~14 um and porosity of ~72%. This new 3D Cu current collector can achieve stable Li cycling up to 230 h at high areal capacity of ~10 mAh/cm2 at a high current density of 10 mA/cm2, demonstrated its high commercial application potential in Li-metal batteries. Tarascon, J.M. and M. Armand, Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature, 2001. 414(6861): p. 359-367.Yang, C.P., et al., Accommodating lithium into 3D current collectors with a submicron skeleton towards long-life lithium metal anodes. Nature Communications, 2015. 6.Ma, X., Z. Liu, and H. Chen, Facile and scalable electrodeposition of copper current collectors for high-performance Li-metal batteries. Nano Energy, 2019. 59: p. 500-507.