Facial Tissue Research Articles

Transcriptome Sequencing of the Oral Mucosa Reveals Gene Expression Differences in Patients With Parry-Romberg Syndrome

Objective: Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) is an acquired disease characterized by progressive unilateral atrophy of the facial skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone. There are various hypotheses to try to explain the occurrence of the disease, but the specific etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential molecular pathogenesis of the disease by using next-generation RNA-sequencing technology. Methods: The authors collected oral mucosal tissue from the affected side and the healthy side from 3 patients with PRS. Tissue samples were subjected to RNA extraction, whole transcriptome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed genes were obtained from both groups of samples and then analyzed for functional enrichment. Results: A total of 186 differentially expressed genes were screened from the 2 groups of samples. Compared with the healthy side, several immune-related genes, including immunoglobulin kappa variable (IGKV)2D-28, IGKV1D-33, IGKV1-33, and NLRP10, were significantly upregulated in the affected tissue. In addition, the differential genes were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways including pancreatic secretion, protein and fat digestion, and absorption. Conclusions: The authors described the gene expression differences between the affected and healthy tissues of patients with PRS for the first time. Immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of PRS.

Developing physical softness models for facial tissue products

A series of physical softness models were developed for facial tissue products. To this end, subjective softness data were obtained by panelists by means of round-robin pair-comparison methods. Overall softness was found to mainly consist of bulk and surface softness. Bulk softness was determined by measuring the tensile modulus (TM) from tensile testing. In contrast, the surface softness considered the mean absolute deviation (RMAD) from the roughness average (Ra) and the mean absolute deviation (FMAD) from the average coefficient of friction (), respectively, which were determined by profilometry. The developed models exhibited strong correlations with subjective softness. In particular, surface softness was found to contribute more to the overall softness than bulk softness. Overall, the developed models can serve as guidance for developing tissue products.

The Relationship of Facial Soft Tissue A’N’B Angle and Facial Hard Tissue ANB Angle in Determination of Skeletal Relations

Background: Cephalometric analysis used in orthodontics to informs the diagnosis, treatment planning, quantifies changes during treatment, and provides data for clinical research. It has been used for determination of Skeletal Relations using facial hard tissue ANB Angle. Points A and B on the facial hard tissue correlate closely with the positions of the corresponding points on the soft tissue. This study aims to determine the relationship between the A'N’B angle of soft tissue and the ANB angle of hard tissue in determining the class of skeletal relations
 Method: The sample used in this study was 75 cephalograms, which had been selected according to the criteria. Cephalometric tracing is done manually. Inter-observer and intra-observer measurements were carried out to increase the validity and reliability of the research instrument. The Bland-Altman method is used as a statistical fit test. The results of the research data were then tested for normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For further testing to test the significance of the correlation coefficient obtained in the Pearson test, the significance test of the t-test is used.
 Result: The results of t-count > t-table, which means that there is a strong linear relationship between hard tissue ANB and soft tissue A'N’B with a correlation coefficient (r) > 0.05.
 Conclusion: The soft tissue A'N'B' angle can be used as an alternative in determining the class of skeletal relationships in addition to the hard tissue ANB angle

Pre- and Postoperative Evaluation of Immediate and Early Implant Placement in Esthetic Areas with Pre-Extraction Facial Dehiscence: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

The clinical requirement for a good esthetic result for immediate implant placement is the absence of dehiscence in the anterior facial alveolar bone. In the presence of dehiscence, it is recommended to use a connective tissue graft in addition to immediate implant placement or to change to early implant placement. However, the literature focusing on dehiscence is scarce, and the influence of different placement times and combined use of connective tissue graft on postoperative esthetics in cases with dehiscence is unclear. Therefore, we quantitatively evaluated the pre-extraction dehiscence morphology and postoperative changes in the facial tissue of implants in three groups: immediate implant placement (Group I), immediate implant placement with connective tissue graft (Group IC), and early implant placement (Group E). To this end, 52 implants were obtained (20 in Group I, 16 in Group IC, and 16 in Group E). A wider dehiscence increases the risk of soft tissue regression, which was one reason for choosing early implant placement. A combination of immediate implant placement and connective tissue graft, or early implant placement, tended to result in less soft tissue regression due to the thicker postoperative facial soft tissue volume.

Orthodontic tooth extrusion to regenerate missing papilla adjacent to maxillary anterior single implants: A 2- to 7-year retrospective study.

Regeneration of the missing papilla adjacent to single implants in the esthetic zone has always been challenging, despite advances in vertical hard and soft tissue regeneration. Orthodontic tooth extrusion has been shown to effectively gain alveolar bone and gingival tissue. This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of orthodontic tooth extrusion on regenerating missing papilla between existing maxillary anterior single implant and its adjacent tooth. Patients who underwent orthodontic tooth extrusion to regenerate missing papilla adjacent to a single implant in the esthetic zone were included in this study. The gingival phenotype, orthodontic extrusion movement, proximal bone level, dento-implant papilla level, facial gingival level, mucogingival junction level, and keratinized tissue width, of the extruded tooth were recorded at pre-orthodontic extrusion (T0 ), post-orthodontic extrusion and retention (T1 ), and latest follow-up (T2 ). A total of 17 maxillary single tooth had orthodontic tooth extrusion to regenerate missing papilla adjacent to 14 maxillary anterior single implants in 14 patients. After a mean follow-up time of 48.4 months, implant success rate was 100% (14/14), with none of the orthodontically extruded teeth being extracted. After a mean extrusion and retention period of 14.3 months, a mean orthodontic extrusion movement of 4.62 ± 0.78 mm was noted with a mean proximal bone level gain of 3.54 ± 0.61 mm (77.0% efficacy), dento-implant papilla level gain of 3.98 ± 0.81 mm (86.8% efficacy), and facial gingival tissue gain of 4.27 mm ± 0.55 mm (93.4% efficacy). A mean keratinized tissue width gain of 4.17 ± 0.49 mm with minimal mean mucogingival junction level change of 0.10 ± 0.30 mm were observed. The efficacy of orthodontic eruption movement on dento-implant papilla gain was less in the thin (80.5%) phenotype group when compared with that in the thick (91.5%) phenotype group. Within the confines of this study, orthodontic extrusion is an effective, noninvasive method in regenerating mid-term stable proximal bone and papilla adjacent to maxillary anterior single implants. This retrospective study presents a mid-term result on orthodontic extrusion as a mean to regenerate dento-implant papilla defect. The extended retention period following orthodontic extrusion showed stable and efficacious proximal bone and papilla gain.

Human Rotavirus Replicates in Salivary Glands and Primes Immune Responses in Facial and Intestinal Lymphoid Tissues of Gnotobiotic Pigs.

Human rotavirus (HRV) is a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children across the globe. The virus has long been established as a pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract, targeting small intestine epithelial cells and leading to diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Recently, this classical infection pathway was challenged by the findings that murine strains of rotavirus can infect the salivary glands of pups and dams and transmit via saliva from pups to dams during suckling. Here, we aimed to determine if HRV was also capable of infecting salivary glands and spreading in saliva using a gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of HRV infection and disease. Gn pigs were orally inoculated with various strains of HRV, and virus shedding was monitored for several days post-inoculation. HRV was shed nasally and in feces in all inoculated pigs. Infectious HRV was detected in the saliva of four piglets. Structural and non-structural HRV proteins, as well as the HRV genome, were detected in the intestinal and facial tissues of inoculated pigs. The pigs developed high IgM antibody responses in serum and small intestinal contents at 10 days post-inoculation. Additionally, inoculated pigs had HRV-specific IgM antibody-secreting cells present in the ileum, tonsils, and facial lymphoid tissues. Taken together, these findings indicate that HRV can replicate in salivary tissues and prime immune responses in both intestinal and facial lymphoid tissues of Gn pigs.

Managing Maxillofacial Defects with Hollow Closed Bulb Obturator Prosthesis

Maxillary resection surgery in response to tumour processes often results in loss of substance, leading to bucco-nasal or bucco-naso-sinus communication. The resulting consequences are significant, including difficulties with eating, with food and fluids leaking out, phonetic problems resulting in a nasal voice and incomprehensible speech. These problems are compounded by aesthetic problems such as sagging skin, asymmetry and facial disfigurement, particularly in cases where the facial tissues are affected. This article describes the case of a patient with maxillary bone loss associated with a deficit of jugal covering tissues. We decided to fabricate a cast metal partial denture with a hollow obturator, and we will detail the steps involved in its fabrication and describe the impression techniques used. Given the absence of a mandibular prosthetic corridor, we will also describe our approach to rehabilitating the mandibular arch to prevent food and fluid spillage through the jugal gap. In this context, our main objective was to ensure a watertight seal to guarantee optimal function.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Modeling Can Predict Face Shape Based on Underlying Craniomaxillofacial Bone.

Reconstructing facial deformities is often challenging due to the complex 3-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton and overlying soft tissue structures. Bilateral injuries cannot benefit from mirroring techniques and as such preinjury information (eg, 2D pictures or 3D imaging) may be utilized to determine or estimate the desired 3D face shape. When patient-specific information is not available, other options such as statistical shape models may be employed; however, these models require registration to a consistent orientation which may be challenging. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used to identify facial features and generate highly realistic simulated faces. As such, it was hypothesized that AI can be used to predict 3D face shape by learning its relationship with the underlying bone surface anatomy in a subject-specific manner. An automated image processing and AI modeling workflow using a modified 3D UNet was generated to estimate 3D face shape using the underlying bone geometry and additional metadata (eg, body mass index and age) obtained from 5 publicly available computed tomography imaging datasets. Visually, the trained models provided a reasonable prediction of the contour and geometry of the facial tissues. The pipeline achieved a validation dice=0.89 when trained on the combined 5 datasets, with the highest dice=0.925 achieved with the single HNSCC dataset. Estimated predefect facial geometry may ultimately be used to aid preoperative craniomaxillofacial surgical planning, providing geometries for intraoperative templates, guides, navigation, molds, and forming tools. Automated face shape prediction may additionally be useful in forensic studies to aid in the identification of unknown skull remains.

Finite element analysis of biomechanical interactions of a subcutaneous suspension suture and human face soft-tissue: a cadaver study

In order to study the local interactions between facial soft-tissues and a Silhouette Soft® suspension suture, a CE marked medical device designed for the repositioning of soft tissues in the face and the neck, Finite element simulations were run, in which a model of the suture was embedded in a three-layer Finite Element structure that accounts for the local mechanical organization of human facial soft tissues. A 2D axisymmetric model of the local interactions was designed in ANSYS, in which the geometry of the tissue, the boundary conditions and the applied loadings were considered to locally mimic those of human face soft tissue constrained by the suture in facial tissue repositioning. The Silhouette Soft suture is composed of a knotted thread and sliding cones that are anchored in the tissue. Hence, simulating these interactions requires special attention for an accurate modelling of contact mechanics. As tissue is modelled as a hyper-elastic material, the displacement of the facial soft tissue changes in a nonlinear way with the intensity of stress induced by the suture and the number of the cones. Our simulations show that for a 4-cone suture a displacement of 4.35 mm for a 2.0 N external loading and of 7.6 mm for 4.0 N. Increasing the number of cones led to the decrease in the equivalent local strain (around 20%) and stress (around 60%) applied to the tissue. The simulated displacements are in general agreement with experimental observations.

The U.S. Facial Tissue Market: A Competitive Profile

This is the thirteenth project that follows the footsteps of twelve studies that have tried to analyze the competitive profiles of U.S. consumer markets: Men’s Shaving Cream, Beer, Shampoo, Shredded/Grated Cheese, Refrigerated Orange Juice, Men’s Razor-Blades, Women’s Razor-Blades, Toothpaste, Canned Soup, Coffee, Potato Chips, and Alkaline AA Batteries.Michael Porter associates high market share with cost leadership strategy, which is based on the idea of competing on a price that is lower than that of the competition.However, customer-perceived quality—not low cost—should be the underpinning of competitive strategy, because it is far more vital to long-term competitive position and profitability than any other factor. So, a superior alternative is to offer better quality vs. the competition.In most consumer markets, a business seeking market share leadership should try to serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment; and offering quality better than that of the competition: at a price somewhat higher to signify an image of quality, and to ensure that the strategy is both profitable and sustainable in the long run. Quality, however, is a complex concept, consumers generally find difficult to understand. So, they often use relative price, and a brand’s reputation, as a symbol of quality.For 2008 the U.S. Facial Tissue market had sales of $1035 million.Using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, we tested two hypotheses: (I) That the market leader is likely to compete in the mid-price segment, and that (II) Its unit price is likely to be higher than that of the nearest competition.For both 2008 and 2007 the results supported Hypothesis I. The market leader Kleenex was a member of the mid-price segment, as hypothesized.However, the results did not support Hypothesis II for both 2008 and 2007, because the runner-up, Puffs was a member of the premium segment with a higher price tag to match.We found that relative price was a strategic variable, as hypothesized.A pattern is emerging in price-quality segmentation analysis. In ten of the thirteen studies—that exclude Men’s and Women’s Razor-Blades, and Ground Coffee—the market leader was found to be a member of the mid-price segment, as we have hypothesized.Moreover, results in seven markets supported Hypothesis II.We also discovered three strategic groups in the industry.

Hi5 Protocol for the Use of Microfocused Ultrasound with Visualization.

Microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V) is used for lifting and tightening of facial tissues. Standard protocols are completed in a single session. Despite excellent outcomes, we identified several barriers of entry for a significant number of patients. Therefore, we devised an individualized pan-facial protocol that is delivered as a series of short, intense treatments to address these issues. We enrolled 12 participants with mild-to-moderate skin and fibromuscular laxity to receive one superficial and one deep pass per visit (average 280 lines). Qualitative improvements were rated by both patients and physicians at 6 or 10 months due to COVID-19 delays. Changes in the submentum and eyebrow heights were quantified. Ten patients (age range: 31-61 years) underwent an average of four MFU-V treatments. Two patients were excluded after massive weight gain. Skin and fibromuscular ptosis and overall soft tissue laxity improved in all patients. Mean brow height increased by 1.7 mm, whereas the mean submental lift was 78.7 mm2. All patients and treating physicians rated an improvement in appearance, whereas independent physicians rated improvements in 87% of cases. Four patients self-rated as "markedly improved." Pain was rated at up to 6.2 (out of 10). Although mask-wearing was mandatory, loss of elasticity, wrinkles, and skin roughness all improved. Superficial welts (n = 5), erythema (n = 3), tenderness (n = 3), and mild bruising (n = 2) occurred, but all resolved within a few days and no severe or permanent adverse events occurred. The Hi5 protocol was noninferior to standard single-session protocols and improved brow heights and submental lifting.

MICROFOCUSED ULTRASOUND FOR FACIAL LIFTING AN INNOVATIVE TREATMENT PROPOSAL

Introduction: several studies report the contraction or retraction of facial tissues with the use of “High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound” (HIFU). However, there are no studies or clinical trials on the technical possibilities used in the application of technology to promote face lifting. Objective: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a new technique for applying Reface Microfocused Ultrasound in the middle third of the face for face lifting. Material and method: the study involved a sample of n=05 patients aged between 30 and 65 years who were evaluated pre and postoperatively, with stereophotogrammetry and its analysis in the Vectra software that were treated with Reface Microfocused Ultrasound with 4.5mm transducers and 3.0mm with focal depths used with average amounts of 0.9 Joules and 0.7 Joules on average and respectively for different transducers used, with an identical positioning protocol, number of lines of application, sequence of application of lines and zones start and end of application. Results: the sample of n=05 (five) patients completed the study. A face-lift was obtained based on the evaluation carried out using the stereophotogrammetry method, which indicated vectors suggestive of tissue contraction and retraction and consequent face-lift in the patients involved in the study, which was maintained for the observation period of 5 months, which was promoted by the new application technique of Reface Microfocused Ultrasound. Conclusion: the quantitative data obtained by comparing before and after with Vectra system, demonstrated that this new technique of application of Ultrasound Microfocused Reface is an effective procedure to treat flaccidity and provide facial “lifting”.

Flexible sensor based on carbonized multilayer facial tissue with anisotropic structure: Towards multiaxial detection

Due to the multiaxial property of mechanical stimuli from human motion, flexible sensors capable of multiaxial detection have enjoyed steady growth of interest. Utilizing the distinctive anisotropic multilayer structure of carbonized multilayer facial tissue (CMFT), we successfully prepared flexible CMFT sensors capable of anisotropic strain sensing and pressure detection. Moreover, an integrated sensor was developed through orthogonally stacking two CMFT sensors, realizing the detection of mechanical stimuli on three orthogonal axes (multidirectional strain sensing in the XY plane and pressure sensing along the vertical Z-axis). Finally, the applications of the integrated sensor for monitoring complex waist movement as well as heel falling and lifting were demonstrated, indicating the great potential of CMFT sensors in human motion detection.

The Influence of Brain MRI Defacing Algorithms on Brain-Age Predictions via 3D Convolutional Neural Networks.

In brain imaging research, it is becoming standard practice to remove the face from the individual's 3D structural MRI scan to ensure data privacy standards are met. Face removal - or 'defacing' - is being advocated for large, multi-site studies where data is transferred across geographically diverse sites. Several methods have been developed to limit the loss of important brain data by accurately and precisely removing non-brain facial tissue. At the same time, deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly being used in medical imaging research for diagnostic classification and prognosis in neurological diseases. These neural networks train predictive models based on patterns in large numbers of images. Because of this, defacing scans could remove informative data. Here, we evaluated 4 popular defacing methods to identify the effects of defacing on 'brain age' prediction - a common benchmarking task of predicting a subject's chronological age from their 3D T1-weighted brain MRI. We compared brain-age calculations using defaced MRIs to those that were directly brain extracted, and those with both brain and face. Significant differences were present when comparing average per-subject error rates between algorithms in both the defaced brain data and the extracted facial tissue. Results also indicated brain age accuracy depends on defacing and the choice of algorithm. In a secondary analysis, we also examined how well comparable CNNs could predict chronological age from the facial region only (the extracted portion of the defaced image), as well as visualize areas of importance in facial tissue for predictive tasks using CNNs. We obtained better performance in age prediction when using the extracted face portion alone than images of the brain, suggesting the need for caution when defacing methods are used in medical image analysis.

Hasil analisis sefalometri metode holdaway pasien ortodonti usia 19-26 tahun di rsgm – p fkg usakti

Background: Malocclusion is a discrepancy in the relationship between the jaw and tooth that deviates from normal. To fix the malocclusion problem in the oral cavity, orthodontic treatment can be used in performed. Cephalometric analysis can be used in determining the diagnosis and treatment plan. One of the analysis is the Holdaway method. Holdaway analysis is considered as a more precise method, making it easier for researchers analysis in orthodontic patients to assess facial soft tissue and facial hard tissue structures effectively because it has 11 parameters; facial angle, nose tip distance, superior labial sulcus depth, inferior labial sulcus depth, upper lip curvature, upper lip distance, chin thickness, upper lip thickness, upper lip curvature, upper lip strain, H angle and skeletal curvature. Purpose: To determine the results of cephalometric analysis in adult orthodontic patients aged 19-26 years at RSGM-P FKG Usakti with Holdaway analysis. Methods: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design, and selection of cephalograms by purposive sampling in adult orthodontic patients at RSGM-P FKG Usakti in 2021-2022. Results: The average patient's facial angle was 89⁰, the average distance from the apex of the nose was 2,5mm, the mean superior labial sulcus depth was 7,82mm, the mean labial sulcus depth inferior 4,3mm, mean Li-H distance of 1,30mm, mean thickness of the chin 12,6mm, average thickness of the upper lip 12,6, mean Sn-H 5mm, mean upper lip strain of 11,70mm, mean skeletal convexity of 3,4mm, and mean angle H 16.15⁰. Conclusion: Overview of cephalometric analysis in orthodontic patients with Holdaway analysis shows that the patient has a facial profile with facial angle, H angle and convex skeletal convexity, small nasal tip distance, superior labial sulcus depth, inferior labial sulcus depth and less chin thickness ideal, upper lip curvature and less than ideal upper lip strain, and ideal Li to H distance

Successful replantation of amputated facial tissues by supermicrosurgery

BackgroundAlthough replantation of amputated facial segments remains challenging in reconstructive surgery, it offers excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes. MethodsFrom May 2004 to October 2019, 12 patients underwent replantation of amputated facial tissues by supermicrosurgery. The case details, such as the rationale for replantation, the operation method, and postoperative therapy, are described. Four cases are discussed to demonstrate the replantation of different facial parts. ResultsFacial tissue replantation was successful in all 12 patients without secondary surgery. The cases included the nose (1 patient), ears (8 patients), lips (2 patients), and one of the soft tissue segments surrounding the lower jaw. Venous congestion occurred in three patients who received a solitary arterial repair and were treated with bloodletting. All patients expressed satisfaction with the cosmetic and functional results at the final follow-up. ConclusionsSupermicrosurgical facial tissue replantation is a promising and effective procedure for providing patients with the best aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Maximizing Solid Organ and Face Transplant Procurement Team Coordination: The Posterior Tibial Artery Flap as an Ideal Sentinel Flap

Face transplantation became a reality with the first case performed in 2005. Facial tissue allograft procurement is technically complex and time-intensive. Brain-dead deceased donors are frequently, if not always, multiorgan donors. Every effort should be made during face allograft recovery to minimize any risk to the recovery of lifesaving solid organs. Some programs require the procurement of a myofascial vascularized skin graft to function as a sentinel flap allowing frequent monitoring for rejection without negatively impacting the esthetics of the face graft. Up till now, the flap used has been the radial forearm flap. Procuring the radial forearm flap places the procuring team in close proximity to the head and torso, where the face recovery and the solid organ recovery teams would require unhindered access. Here, we present the posterior tibial artery flap as an alternative flap that would provide benefits to the coordination of the multiple teams working to procure organs from a deceased donor.

Analysis of optical absorption of photoaged human skin using a high-frequency illumination microscopy analysis system.

Skin is composed of different layers, including the stratum corneum, epidermal living layer and papillary and reticular dermis. Each has specific optical properties due to differences in their biological components. Alterations in the skin's cutaneous biological components resulting from photoaging caused by chronic exposure to UV light affect the deterioration of appearance associated with the skin's optical properties. Various methods for analysing cutaneous optical properties have been previously proposed, including mathematical models and computer simulations. However, these were insufficient to elucidate changes in each skin layer and comprehensively understand the skin's integrated optical properties. We focused on UV-induced yellowing of the facial skin. We evaluated site-specific optical absorption of human skin tissue sections to investigate the yellowish discoloration, which is suggested to be related to the photodamage process. The method includes our original technique of separating the transmitted and scattered light using high-frequency illumination microscopy, leading to microscopic analysis of the tissue's optical absorption in the regions of interest. In analysing the sun-exposed facial skin tissue sections, we successfully showed that dermal regions of aged skin have increased absorption at 450 nm, where yellowish colours are complemented. Furthermore, we confirmed that elastic fibres with observable histological disorder resulting from photodamage are a prominent source of high optical absorption. We detected changes in the skin's optical absorption associated with dermal degeneration resulting from photodamage using a novel optical microscopy technique. The results provide a base for the evaluation of optical property changes for both yellowing discoloration and other tissue disorders.

Aspiration of Fractured Tracheostomy Tube in a Prone Positioned COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

A 61-year-old male patient diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was managed with tracheostomy and intermittent prone positioning in the intensive care unit. After a sudden deterioration, examination of tracheostomy tube (TT) and X-ray of the chest revealed that he had aspirated the fractured TT. The fractured tube was removed through the tracheostomy stoma using a rigid ventilating bronchoscope and forceps. Prone positioning is a beneficial postural therapy capable of improving patient oxygenation. However, it has some complications, like unplanned extubation and facial tissue injury. Percutaneous tracheostomy is also a valuable and safe procedure and has been increasingly performed in critical care patients, including those who suffer from COVID-19 ARDS. Fractures and aspiration of a tracheostomy tube can occur anytime after tracheostomy. We think prone positioning may contribute to the rupture and aspiration of the tracheostomy tube in this study.

Effect of pdo facelift threads on facial skin tissues: An ultrasonographic analysis.

Recent studies demonstrate that PDO threads, after being introduced into the facial skin, provide benefits due to collagen formation around the thread and improved vascularization. This work aims to report the ultrasound and photographic follow-up after the execution of the facelift thread technique, thus evaluating the anti-aging treatment that PDO threads will provide for human facial skin. The facelift will be performed using PDO thread 18G cannulated Sculpt i- Thread FML 100 × 185 mm, and 29G PDO thread Needled Flat i-Thread 38 × 50 mm. A total of 10 patients were selected for the study; all of them had medium-grade facial ptosis and aged 40-50 years old. In order to control tissue changes after thread, insertion ultrasound measurements will be made with Philips ultrasound 12 MHz linear probe at maximum resolution, initial evaluations and control of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days, measuring the skin layers: epidermis\dermis and hypodermis. Photographic control was performed before and after 120 days of intrusion of the PDO threads. The formation of collagen around the PDO thread was evidenced through ultrasound images in all patients in this study, as well as improvement in the appearance of the skin and sagging, evaluated by photographic control. We can define that the PDO threads used for the facelift are effective in the formation of collagen around the thread (observed through the increase in the dermal layer), and improvement of the condition of the anti-aging factor through sagging skin, vascularization and thinning of the superficial fat layer (observed through the reduction of the subcutaneous or hypodermis layer).