Facial Soap Research Articles

Chronic Headaches and Sleepiness Caused by Facial Soap (Containing Hydrolyzed Wheat Proteins)-Induced Wheat Allergy

A 38-year-old woman was suffering from irregular headaches and sleepiness. She had used soap containing Glupearl 19S (hydrolyzed wheat proteins) every day for approximately one year and had experienced an episode of rash eruption on her face seven months ago. Wheat-specific IgE antibodies were detected in her serum. A Western blot analysis revealed a high titer of IgE antibodies against Glupearl 19S and wheat proteins. The patient was sensitive to these compounds in a skin prick test. After avoiding eating wheat, her headaches and sleepiness disappeared. A hidden food allergy is a possible cause of these symptoms.

EAAS5-2 Remission rate of patients with wheat allergy sensitized to hydrolyzed wheat protein in facial soap(EAAS5 Food allergy and related diseases,Free Paper Session 2,East Asia Allergy Symposium 2014)

EAAS5-2 Remission rate of patients with wheat allergy sensitized to hydrolyzed wheat protein in facial soap(EAAS5 Food allergy and related diseases,Free Paper Session 2,East Asia Allergy Symposium 2014)

Characterization of the Causative Allergens for Wheat-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis Sensitized with Hydrolyzed Wheat Proteins in Facial Soap

Hydrolyzed wheat proteins (HWP) were reported to cause wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) by transcutaneous sensitization through the use of HWP-containing soap in Japan. These patients developed the allergic reactions not only with the use of soap, but also on exercise after the intake of wheat protein (WP). In this study, we identified the allergens and its IgE-binding primary epitopes in WP for HWP-WDEIA patients.

The Sensitivity and Clinical Course of Patients with Wheat-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis Sensitized to Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein in Facial Soap - Secondary Publication

Recently, an increasing number of patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) have been reported in Japan. Most of them had developed this condition during or after using hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP)-containing soap (HWP-WDEIA). To clarify the relation between WDEIA and HWP-containing soap and their prognosis, we retrospectively studied the patients who visited Hiroshima University Hospital and were diagnosed as WDEIA from January 2010 to June 2011. We took detailed clinical histories, performed skin prick tests, serum immunoassays for antigen-specific IgE and basophil histamine release test, and followed up their clinical courses after the diagnosis. Among 36 patients with WDEIA, 30 patients had used only one type of HWP-soap. The patients with HWP-WDEIA were mainly women and had developed facial symptoms and angioedema. They suffered from blood pressure reductions less frequently than patients with conventional WDEIA. The levels of gluten-specific IgE were higher than those of omega-5 gliadin in patients with HWP-WDEIA (P < 0.05, One-way ANOVA). All patients with HWP-WDEIA were positive against HWP in histamine release test. Among the conventional wheat antigens, glutenins induced the highest histamine release from basophils of patients with HWP-WDEIA. The sensitivities of patients against glutens and glutenins were reduced over months along with the discontinuance of HWP-soap. The development of HWP-WDEIA is associated with the use of HWP-soap. The sensitivity to HWP that cross reacts with non-processed wheat may be reduced or possibly cured after the discontinuation of HWP-soap.

Characterization of Causative Allergens for Wheat-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis Sensitized with Hydrolyzed Wheat Proteins in Facial Soap

In Japan, hydrolyzed wheat proteins (HWP) have been reported to cause wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) by transcutaneous sensitization using HWP-containing soap. Patients develop allergic reactions not only with soap use, but also with exercise after the intake of wheat protein (WP). ω5-Gliadin and HMW-glutenin were identified as major allergens in conventional WP-WDEIA patients. However, the allergens in HWP-WDEIA have yet to be elucidated. Sera were obtained from 22 patients with HWP-sensitized WDEIA. The allergenic activities of HWP and six recombinant wheat gluten proteins, including α/β-, γ-, ω1,2- and ω5-gliadin and low- and high molecular weight (HMW)-glutenins, were characterized by immunoblot analysis and histamine releasing test. IgE-binding epitopes were identified using arrays of overlapping peptides synthesized on SPOTs membrane. Immunoblot analysis showed that IgE antibodies (Abs) from HWP-WDEIA bound to α/β-, γ- and ω1,2-gliadin. Recombinant γ-gliadin induced significant histamine release from basophils in eight of 11 patients with HWP-WDEIA. An IgE-binding epitope "QPQQPFPQ" was identified within the primary sequence of γ-gliadin, and the deamidated peptide containing the "PEEPFP" sequence bound with IgE Abs more strongly compared to the native epitope-peptide. The epitope-peptide inhibited IgE-binding to HWP, indicating that the specific IgE to HWP cross-reacts with γ-gliadin. HWP-WDEIA patients could be sensitized to HWP containing a PEEPFP sequence, and WDEIA symptoms after WP ingestion could partly be induced by γ-gliadin. These findings could be useful to help develop tools for diagnosis and desensitization therapy for HWP-WDEIA.

Higher allergenicity of high molecular weight hydrolysed wheat protein in cosmetics for percutaneous sensitization

Wheat protein derivatives are used in a variety of products worldwide. Gluten is commercially used 'as is' or with modifications such as hydrolysis, which is carried out to overcome its insolubility. Several cases of contact urticaria following exposure to hydrolysed wheat protein (HWP) in cosmetics or of anaphylaxis caused by deamidated gluten in food or non-food products have been described. To evaluate the types of HWP that have higher allergenicity for percutaneous sensitization. We enrolled 7 patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis who had been sensitized to HWP primarily through the percutaneous and/or the rhinoconjunctival route by using facial soap containing HWP. Reaction to wheat proteins was confirmed by IgE immunoblotting and basophil CD203c expression with six HWP variants. The IgE of all the patients reacted to HWPs composed of large polypeptide aggregates. High molecular weight (MW) HWPs were also found to induce significant enhancement of basophil CD203c expression. HWPs composed of large polypeptide aggregates possibly induce sensitization to a greater degree than lower-MW HWPs. Basophil surface CD203c expression is useful for evaluating the allergenicity of HWPs.

Evaluation of Allergenicity of Acid-Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein Using an in vitro Elicitation Test

Background: We performed an in vitro elicitation test to determine the ability of different types of wheat-allergic patients’ IgE to induce humanized mast cell activation after the addition of various time-treated acid-hydrolyzed wheat proteins (HWPs). Methods: The reactivity of heat- and various time-treated acid-hydrolyzed glutens (acid-HGs) and commercial acid-HWP (HWP1), using serum IgE from wheat allergy accompanied by skin and rhinoconjunctival sensitization to HWP1 in the facial soap, pediatric subjects with food allergy to native wheat, adult wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis subjects, and nonatopic healthy subjects, was elucidated by dot blot and a luciferase assay-based in vitro elicitation test (EXiLE test). Results: Serum from subjects sensitized with HWP1 reacted only to acid-HGs (acid-HGs treated for 0.5–3 or 6 h), but not native gluten, in the results of the dot blot. In contrast, sera from pediatric subjects sensitized with native wheat reacted to native gluten more strongly and showed only slight reactions to 0.5- to 1-hour-treated acid-HGs. The results of the in vitro elicitation test showed that acid hydrolyzation of the gluten attenuated antigen-induced luciferase expression in a time-dependent manner for sera from native-wheat-sensitized pediatric subjects. On the other hand, in the sera from HWP1-sensitized subjects, acid hydrolyzation of the gluten for 0.5 h dramatically increased luciferase expression. Conclusions: Even after prolonged hydrolyzation, acid-HGs still retained the ability to activate mast cells in the case of HWP1-sensitized subjects.

Sensitization to acid‐hydrolyzed wheat protein by transdermal administration to BALB/c mice, and comparison with gluten

An increasing number of studies have shown that hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP) can induce IgE-mediated hypersensitivity by skin contact and/or food ingestion. However, there has been no study of the sensitizing potential of HWP. In this study, the possibility of transdermal pathway for sensitization to acid-HWP (HWP1) was investigated using BALB/c mice, and compared with that of gluten. HWP1 or gluten (500μg/mouse) was transdermally administered using patches. After three or four cycles of sensitization for 3days/week, active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of the antigen, and rectal temperatures, scores of anaphylactic responses, and plasma histamine levels were determined. Because HWP1 was included in facial soap in Japan, the effect of detergent on the sensitizing potential was also investigated. Transdermal administration of HWP1 induced dose-dependent production of IgE and IgG1. After sensitization for 3 or 4weeks, intraperitoneal injection of HWP1 caused ASA, leading to decreased rectal temperatures, increased anaphylaxis scores, and increased plasma histamine levels. In addition, splenocytes harvested after ASA produced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 by re-stimulation with HWP1. Transdermal exposure to gluten also induced IgE and IgG1 production, and intraperitoneal injection of gluten also induced ASA only in mice sensitized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Transdermal exposure to HWP1 is sufficient to activate key immune pathways necessary for sensitizing mice for immediate hypersensitivity reactions. This study shows that HWP has a sensitizing potential as well as gluten, whereas its allergenicity may be different from that of gluten.

Rhinoconjunctival sensitization to hydrolyzed wheat protein in facial soap and induce wheat-dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis

Background Wheat protein is responsible for various kinds of allergic disease. Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is one of the most important clinical phenotypes of adult wheat allergy. Relatively homogenous clinical and immunological presentations of this phenotype have already been described. More recently, some studies have shown that sensitization to hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP) in cosmetics can induce allergy to HWP-containing food as well as contact allergy to HWP-containing cosmetics. Case reports We experienced treating five Japanese women with WDEIA with atypical presentation. They presented exercise-induced anaphylaxis after ingestion of normal wheat products, but also had episodes of skin and/or rhinoconjunctival contact allergy to hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP)-containing facial soap. Furthermore, case histories and serological analyses of these patients indicated that the development of their WDEIA was induced by primary sensitization to HWP in the facial soap they used and accompanying sensitization to natural wheat protein. Methods and results All of the patients had started to use the same facial soap product containing HWP 1 to 3 years prior to the onset of WDEIA. At first, they used the facial soap without any problem. When they continued to use the soap, they started to experience itchiness and urticaria of the eyelids or face after using the soap. Their symptoms of allergy to facial soap resembled prodromal symptoms that develop following the combination of wheat ingestion and exercise. A significantly higher IgE reactivity to HWP than to natural wheat protein was observed in these patients. Inhibition analyses of their sera showed that IgE reactivity to HWP was not inhibited by natural wheat extracts, whereas those to natural wheat extracts were fully inhibited by HWP, indicating that the primary sensitizer of these patients is HWP. Discussion

Rhinoconjunctival sensitization to hydrolyzed wheat protein in facial soap can induce wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis

Rhinoconjunctival sensitization to hydrolyzed wheat protein in facial soap can induce wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis

Use of Beauty Products among U.S. Adolescents: An Exploration of Media Influence

Abstract The goal of this study is to 1) identify the types of beauty product used and to compare the frequency with which adolescent boys and girls use them; and 2) determine types of beauty product use are significant in relation to the degree of media influence among them in the United States. While cosmetic use is among the most common ways to enhance the appearance of adolescent girls, teenage boys in the United States have emerged as a sector of consumers in the health and beauty industry as well, which is reflected by their concern with personal hygiene and appearance as well as by increased sales (Shah, 2004). Consumer socialization research of adolescents has identified the media as a major source of influence (Brittain, 1963; Churchill and Moschis, 1979; Mascarenhas and Higby, 1993; Moore and Moschis, 1981; Robertson, 1979). Adolescents’ use of beauty products can be influenced by how much these young people are exposed to media sources, due to the media’s significant and pervasive influence on ...

Efektivitas Iklan Televisi Sabun Pembersih Muka di Kota Yogyakarta (Pendekatan Consumer Decision Model)

Promotion via TV is believed to be effective for communicating advertising recall and information’s to consumers, but relatively high cost. This research is aim at examining the effectiveness of promotion via TV done by several facial soap producers: Biore, Ponds and Dove through Consumer Decision Model (DCM) perspective. From regression analysis we can find that advertising recall has positive affect to brand recognition, confidence, attitude and intention to buy; brand recognition has positive affect to consumer confidence and attitude; consumer confidence and attitude has positive affect to intention to buy; and confidence or attitude as intermediate variable to advertising recall and intention to buy. ANOVA analysis shows that there is a significant difference of consumer perception on advertising recall (Biore), brand recognition, and consumer attitude. There is no difference of intention to buy based on budged, age and consumer job. Keywords: promotion effectiveness, consumer decision model, consumer good