Facial Skin Parameters Research Articles

아유르베다 체질에 따른 피부 유형 분석

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of facial skin parameters (hydration, lipid and pH) on forehead and cheek according to Ayurvedic constitution classification of Vata, Pitta and Kapha. The condition of hydration, lipid and pH in the facial skin was measured using non-invasive diagnostic technique. The collected data was analyzed with the SPSS 16.0 windows statistical program. Design: Eighty-nine Korean female subjects were recruited for this study and the average age of them was years. Three groups by the Ayurvedic constitution were classified by questionnaire. Results: There was a significant difference in hydration, lipid and pH according to Ayurvedic constitution. The measurement of hydration on the face depending on the constitution were shown in the order of Pitta, Kapha and Vata (p

Calculation of apparent age by linear combination of facial skin parameters: a predictive tool to evaluate the efficacy of cosmetic treatments and to assess the predisposition to accelerated aging

The estimated apparent age (EAA) was estimated by a panel of trained experts, for the individuals in a cohort. Twelve independent clinical, biophysical and biochemical parameters measured on facial skin, have been identified by multiple regression analysis, which influence the EAA of a person of chronological age (CA) (under eye lines, clinically assessed crow's feet, age spots, clinically evaluated firmness, forehead lines, pores, lip lines, instrumentally evaluated firmness, instrumentally evaluated crow feet, skin texture, in vivo fluorescence related to proliferation and glycation). An algorithm has been devised to obtain the calculated age score (CAS) in a cohort of 452 female volunteers, as CAS(n) = ∑RCiPi(n) (i = 1-13, n = 1-452 and P13 = 1) where the coefficients Ci are obtained by minimizing the difference EAA - CAS, and Pi(n) are the experimental values of the i-th parameter for the n-th volunteer. The determination of CAS before and after a specific cosmetic or pharmacological anti-aging treatment can be used to objectively assess the efficacy of the treatment. The comparison of EAA(n) and of CAS(n) with CA(n) allows one to predict the susceptibility of an individual's face to undergo aging. It has been observed that the biophysical and biochemical parameters play a relevant role in the assessment of the predisposition of skin to undergo accelerated aging.

Effects of an Oral Contraceptive Containing Chlormadinone and Ethinylestradiol on Acne-Prone Skin of Women of Different Age Groups

Acne-prone skin, a common skin condition not only in adolescents but also in adults, can significantly influence the affected individual's quality of life. The aim of this open-label, prospective, single-centre, phase IV study was to investigate the effects of an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone 2 mg and ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg (Belara) on the physiology of acne-prone facial skin in healthy women aged 18-37 years. Forty-four Caucasian women requesting hormonal contraception divided into two age groups (group A: 18-27 years; group B: 28-37 years) were treated with chlormadinone/ethinylestradiol for six menstrual cycles. During each treatment phase, each subject took one tablet per day for 21 consecutive days, followed by a 7-day pill-free interval. Medication was commenced on the first day of menses. Changes in skin parameters were evaluated in terms of the clinical sum score (the primary outcome variable, calculated from the number of comedones, the number of papules/papulopustules, and the sebum secretion state), the evaluation of the pore size using standardized photography, and a range of biophysical in vivo measurements, assessed at baseline, after 12 weeks and after 24 weeks. In both age groups, facial skin condition as quantified by the clinical sum score improved significantly after three and six treatment cycles, with reduced numbers of acne lesions (comedones and papules/papulopustules) and a reduction in seborrhoea. Moreover, there was a statistically significant decrease in pore size. Biophysical evaluations confirmed favourable effects of the medication on diverse skin parameters. Skin surface pH remained within the normal physiological range and there was an improvement in epidermal barrier function (as manifested by decreased transepidermal water loss from the skin of the forehead). Stratum corneum hydration increased in both age groups and the lipid content of the skin surface on the forehead decreased significantly after three treatment cycles in subjects aged 28-37 years. Ultrasound measurements verified that there was no retention of water within the dermis. There was no difference between the two age groups. For the first time, improvements in several facial skin parameters during treatment with a combined oral contraceptive (chlormadinone/ethinyl-estradiol) were quantified by biophysical methods and a clinical sum score. The highly statistically significant improvements in clinical findings and various biophysical skin parameters observed in this study suggest that the antiandrogenic oral contraceptive chlormadinone/ethinylestradiol may be a major therapy option in women with acne-prone skin who request hormonal contraception.