Facial Plastic Research Articles

Ergonomics in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Understanding effective ergonomic interventions is crucial for enhancing occupational health and career longevity. There is a paucity of clear ergonomics guidelines in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS), placing practitioners at high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and their consequences. There is mounting evidence that FPRS specialists are at increased risk of WMSDs as compared with the public and other surgical specialties. Numerous studies have demonstrated that implementation of ergonomics principles in surgery decreases WMSDs. Furthermore, WMSDs are reported as early as the first year of surgical residency, marking the importance of early intervention. Fatigue and physical injuries among surgeons occur more often than expected, particularly during complex, extended procedures that necessitate maintaining a constant posture. FPRS procedure often place surgeons into procrustean positions. Thus, integrating ergonomic practices into the practice of FPRS is essential for reducing WMSDs.

Innovative Non-Surgical Plastic Technique for Saddle Nose Correction: A Study on 97 Patients.

Background: Non-surgical rhinoplasty is one of the best choices in mild cases of the saddle nose, and it represents a solution for the aesthetical amelioration of facial deformity; nevertheless, in most critical cases, surgical intervention is still required. This study reports the experience and results of a single facial plastic surgeon (M.G.) using a non-surgical technique for the correction of saddle noses in a large cohort of patients. Methods: This retrospective study assesses all patients injected from January 2017 through October 2023 in private clinics in Milan (Italy), London (UK), and Dubai (UAE). All patients were followed up for 12 months. The harvested adipose tissues were processed with different systems and with or without acoustic wave therapy (AWT). The extracted products have been characterized in terms of cellular yield and cell growth. Ninety-seven patients were injected with adipose-derived products or hyaluronic acid (HA). Patients were followed up for 12 months, and satisfaction data were analyzed. Results: The stem cells obtained from the patients who previously received AWT displayed a statistically higher cell growth ability in comparison with those of the cells derived from patients who did not receive AWT. The evolution of patient satisfaction during the time for each group of treatment was investigated, and cellular treatments show the best maintenance of patient satisfaction over time. Conclusions: Dermgraft and AWT approaches resulted in the highest patient satisfaction for the non-surgical correction of the saddle nose deformity.

Correcting Different Degrees of Droopy Nose, an Overview of Techniques and Strategies at Tertiary Facial Plastic Center. A Retrospective Analysis.

The variety of noses in the mixed Saudi population keeps rhinoplasty surgeons on their toes. The main treatment goal for drooping nose tips is the first rotation of the nasal tip superiorly. Although droopy nose is a common disease in Saudi Arabia, none of the previous studies recognized the general features of droopy nose. A retrospective analysis of 352 patients with nasal drooping nose from 2016 to 2022. The main outcome measurements were general characteristics of nasal tip ptosis, and the most common surgical techniques used to treat nasal tip ptosis in a tertiary hospital. Analysis of 352 patients with droopy nose showed that 29.0% were between 25 and 29 years old, and 56.3% were female patients. The most common characteristic seen with droopy nasal tip was a significant dorsal hump in 64.8% of patients, followed by amorphous, boxy, and bulbous nasal tip in 33.5%. Significant dorsal hump and bifid tip were more common between 18 and 24. Meanwhile, amorphous, boxy, and bulbous nasal tip were more common in female individuals. The surgical techniques mostly addressed the underlying cause, which was tip grafting (83.0%), lateral osteotomy (77.3%), hump removal (66.5%), lateral crura method (61.9%), and septal extension graft (40.9%). The research concluded that the surgeon should be familiar with the patient's underlying cause of nasal tip ptosis and use surgical techniques accordingly. To get a pleased long-term outcome, it is often essential to repair the inferiorly rotated tip using more than one surgical approach.

Effect of Underlying Mental Health Disorders on the Correlation Between Patient- and Surgeon-Graded Synkinesis Scores.

Background: Little is known about how depression and appearance anxiety affect patient reporting of synkinesis severity. Learning/Study Objective: Measure prevalence of depression and appearance anxiety in facial synkinesis and correlations between subjective and surgeon-graded synkinesis severity. Design Type: Prospective cohort. Methods: Patients with synkinesis volunteered and completed: Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), facial clinimetric evaluation (FaCE) scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES). Standardized videos were scored by facial plastic surgeons using Sunnybrook Scale and eFaCE. Multivariate linear regression was used to compare patient- and surgeon-graded metrics. Results: One hundred patients participated, 91 were female. Mean age was 56.4 (12.3). Eight percent identified as Black and 87% White. The most common nerve injury etiology was idiopathic (47%). Mean synkinesis duration was 7.6 years (6.2). Twenty percent and 15% reported history of an anxiety or depressive disorder, respectively. Patient (SAQ, FaCE) and clinician (Sunnybrook, eFaCE) scores were correlated (Pearson's r 0.223-0.294, p < 0.05). Upon adjusting for CES-D/FNAES, correlations between most patient and clinician metrics became stronger. As CES-D and FNAES worsened, patient-clinician correlations weakened. Conclusions: Depression and appearance anxiety may affect patient reporting of synkinesis severity. Worse mental health scores may decorrelate patient and clinician synkinesis assessments.

Practice Patterns and Outcomes of Skin Cancer Reconstruction of the Head, Neck, and Face by Surgical Specialty: An NSQIP Analysis.

Reconstructive procedures of the head, neck, and face after skin cancer resection are typically performed by surgeons trained in either ENT facial plastic surgery or plastic and reconstructive surgery. We analyzed a large national database to compare patient populations, practice, and outcomes of skin cancer reconstruction of the head, neck, and face performed by these 2 surgical specialties. Cases were selected from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Variables that differed significantly on univariate analysis were included in a nominal logistic regression, with having at least 1 wound-specific complication, medical complication, or unplanned reoperation within 30 days as the dependent variables. There were a total of 2850 cases, of which 61.36% were performed by ENT. Surgical specialty was not found to be a predictor of wound complications, medical complications, or unplanned reoperations. On multivariate analysis, operative times greater than 6 hours and anatomical location (specifically, skin cancer of the nose) predicted adverse outcomes. Significant differences were observed between the patient populations of the 2 specialties in terms of demographics, comorbidities, and the anatomical location of the cancer defect. Reconstruction of the head, neck, and face after skin cancer removal represents an important and common element in the scope of practice of both ENT facial plastic surgeons and plastic surgeons. No evidence was found to suggest that surgical specialty is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes. However, ENT facial plastic surgeons and plastic surgeons seem to manage unique patient populations and use different reconstructive techniques, reflecting their distinct training and areas of expertise. A multidisciplinary approach where the complementary skills of both specialties can be leveraged may optimize patient outcomes.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GENIOPLASTY USING BIOPOLYETHYLENE (Su-por) IMPLANTS

Background: The chin an important aesthetic unit of the facial structure and play a key role in the appearance of the face. This study evaluated the surgical results of genioplasty using a Biopolyethylene implant (Su-Por). Material and Methods: The study included 42 patients with a follow-up period of 3 years who underwent genioplasty in the clinic from 2020-2023. All patients underwent a standard clinical examination and computed tomography (CT). To plan the required volume of chin augmentation, cephalometric analysis is used. The genioplasty surgery was planned on a 3D model of the skull, installing standard bioimplants on the 3D model of the obtained 3D printed CT image. Genioplasty was performed using a Biopolyethylene implant (Su-Por). Outcomes were assessed using the Outcome Assessment, consisting of a 10-item questionnaire completed preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, 1 and 3 years postoperatively. Result: Among the 42 operated patients, no complications were observed during the operation. Complications were noted in the long-term postoperative period: swelling in 4 patients, in 2 patients with unsatisfied aesthetic results without other serious complications. In all clinical observations, stable support of the Biopolyethylene implants. The mean score was 26.4 at preoperative assessment, 78.2 at 6 months postoperatively, and 87.6 at 3 years postoperatively. The surgical results showed favorable aesthetic results, low infection rates, strong implant fixation, good skin texture/skin/soft tissue thickness. This technique is simple and effective and is recommended for inclusion in the practice of a facial plastic surgeon. Conclusions: Augmentation genioplasty using the Biopolyethylene implant is a simple and effective surgical procedure that can lead to aesthetically acceptable results with minimal pain using. Patients are satisfied with the aesthetic and functional results genioplasty.

#OtoTwitter: The Top 75 Twitter Influencers in Otolaryngology and Association With Academic Impact.

Social media has enabled discussion of relevant topics within otolaryngology. With increasing academic discourse occurring on virtual platforms, it is important to examine who is influencing these discussions. This study thus aims to: (1) identify the top Twitter influencers in otolaryngology and (2) assess the relationship between Twitter influence and academic impact. Cross-sectional analysis. Twitter. The Right Relevance program was used to identify and rank the top 75 Twitter influencers, excluding organizations, according to the search terms "otolaryngology,""head and neck surgery,""ear nose throat,""rhinology,""head and neck,""laryngology,""facial plastics,"and "otology."Demographic data and h-index were collected for each influencer. Correlational analyzes were performed to assess the relationships between Twitter rank and geographic location, sex, subspecialty, and h-index. The majority of the top 75 influencers were otolaryngologists (87%), female (68%), and located in the United States (61%). General otolaryngology (n = 20, 31%) was more well-represented than any individual subspecialty including facial plastics (n = 10, 15%), rhinology (n = 10, 15%), and neurotology (n = 9, 14%). There was a significant relationship between Twitter rank and h-index (Spearman ρ value of -0.32; 95% confidence interval:-0.51 to -0.01; P = .006). Twitter rank was not significantly correlated with subspecialty, sex, or geographic location (P > .05). The majority of Twitter influencers within otolaryngology were otolaryngologists, female, and located in the United States. Social media influence is positively associated with academic impact amongotolaryngologists.

Bleeding Reduction by Acupuncture in Rhinoplasty: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Bloodless surgical field obtained by controlled hypotension reduces the bleeding, the surgical time and improves outcome of rhinoplasty and other facial plastic surgeries.&#x0D; Since acupuncture is used for epistaxis, this study was designed to investigate its effectiveness in reducing the bleeding in open rhinoplasty.&#x0D; Methods: In a triple-blinded randomized clinical trial, 88 patients with ASA I and II physical status, aged between 20 – 48 years, who were candidates of open rhinoplasty were enrolled in the study.&#x0D; After randomization, 44 patients were assigned to each group of acupuncture or control. They were given identical anesthesia. In addition to the hemodynamic monitoring, blood loss was assessed in all patients and compared between the two groups.&#x0D; Results: There were statistically significant differences between two groups in terms of the amount of bleeding (P = 0.001) and surgeon satisfaction (P = 0.010). Coagulation indicators were similar in both groups (All P &gt; 0.05). Mean SBP and DBP, average HR and average MAP in both acupuncture and control groups did not show significant differences (All P &gt; 0.05). Adverse events such as bradycardia or hypotension requiring treatment were not seen.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that acupuncture could reduce bleeding during rhinoplasty without side effects.&#x0D;

NONSURGICAL RHINOPLASTY: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Introduction: The surge in demand for nonsurgical rhinoplasty, driven by patients seeking alternatives to the enduringly popular surgical rhinoplasty, emphasizes the need for skilled facial plastic surgeons proficient in filler placement. Offering nonsurgical rhinoplasty by experienced surgeons enhances safety, contributes to surgical practice success, and serves as a cost-effective, low-risk alternative, especially when patients are considering future surgery. Systematic reviews play a crucial role in consolidating evidence, informing practitioners about the latest developments, and establishing best practices in both nonsurgical and surgical rhinoplasty, contributing to improved patient care. Methods: The researchers in this study followed the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure that their work met the required standards. This was done to ensure the precision and reliability of the conclusions derived from the research. Results: Our search produced 22 results. After looking at the titles and summaries, we found 10 papers that fit our criteria. At first, we excluded several articles because they were written in review style and case reports. But after reading the full papers carefully, we included five papers in our final analysis. These papers included a retrospective analysis, observational study, and retrospective analysis of a prospective clinical registry. Conclusion: In conclusion, nonsurgical rhinoplasty, exemplified by a 14-year case series, is a highly gratifying and popular procedure, emphasizing an ascending technique for optimal outcomes. However, its potential complications necessitate experienced practitioners, urging caution and diligence. The systematic review supports the efficacy and safety of nonsurgical rhinoplasty using PDO sutures and fillers, especially in Asians, while emphasizing the importance of patient selection. Furthermore, the described "LG Nose Reshaping Technique" with hyaluronic acid proves safe and effective, warranting long-term studies, and the use of VYC-25L showcases high patient satisfaction and low adverse events when administered by skilled practitioners with optimized fillers.

Quantifying nasal deformities using a novel mathematical method to complement preoperative assessment in rhinoplasty patients

BackgroundRhinoplasty enhances facial symmetry and functionality. However, the accurate and reliable quantification of nasal defects pre-surgery remains an ongoing challenge. AimThis study introduces a novel approach for defect quantification using 2D images and artificial intelligence, providing a tool for better preoperative planning and improved surgical outcomes. Materials and MethodsA pre-trained AI model for facial landmark detection was utilised on a dataset of 250 images of male patients aged 18 to 24 who underwent rhinoplasty for cosmetic nasal deformity correction. The analysis concentrated on 36 different distances between the facial landmarks. These distances were normalised using min-max scaling to counter image size and quality variations. Post-normalisation, statistical parameters, including mean, median, and standard deviation, were calculated to identify and quantify nasal defects. ResultsThe methodology was tested and validated using images from different ethnicities and regions, showing promising potential as a beneficial surgical aid. The normalised data produced reliable quantifications of nasal defects (average 76.2%), aiding in preoperative planning and improving surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. ApplicationsThe developed method can be extended to other facial plastic surgeries. Furthermore, it can be used to create app-based software, assist medical education, and improve patient-doctor communication. ConclusionThis novel method for defect quantification in rhinoplasty using AI and image processing holds significant potential in improving surgical planning, outcomes, and patient satisfaction, marking an essential step in the fusion of AI and plastic surgery.

Revision Rates in Cosmetic Plastic Surgery with and without Resident Involvement.

Changes in surgical education have caused concern over residents' preparedness for independent practice. As the field of otolaryngology requires such a wide breadth of expertise, ill preparation becomes especially costly. This study explores how the presence and participation of a postgraduate year 3 (PGY3) otolaryngology resident in surgery impacts revision rates and operating time as gauges for the resident competency and indirect training costs. A retrospective chart analysis of patients who underwent cosmetic plastic surgery at sites for PGY3 otolaryngology residents' facial plastic surgery rotations was conducted. Residents performed one side of bilateral procedures (eg, blepharoplasties) and approximately 50% of midline procedures (eg, rhinoplasties). Chi-squared testing and odds/risk ratios were done to assess the effect of resident involvement on revision rates. Operating time was compared using t tests. When a resident was involved in cosmetic surgery, the revision rate was 22.2% compared with 3.6% without. The likelihood of a future revision surgery was 7.57 times higher when a resident participated in the original operation. Resident involvement was not a statistically significant predictor of exceeding the allotted operating time. The revision rate of cosmetic surgery was much higher when a resident was involved. Otolaryngology residents would benefit from increased facial plastic and reconstructive surgery training. As a response to this analytical study, this clinical rotation was moved to be offered at a later stage of postgraduate surgical training to allow residents to gain more experience and be better set up for success in the rotation.

The use of social media and its influence on rhinoplasty decision

Abstract OBJECTIVES. We reviewed the use of social media and its influence on rhinoplasty decisions. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, and ProQuest Central databases of Kırıkkale University and Google and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS. Networking features available through social media sites allow users to discover and share countless photos, videos and links from their desktops and mobile devices. In the United Kingdom, over 55% of facial plastic surgeons reported that their cosmetic patients were inspired to look better in selfies. 53.4% of respondents felt that TV shows promoting plastic surgery impacted the popularity of such procedures, and 65.0% of respondents believed that social media had a similar effect. Males reported being much less satisfied with surgery than females and were less specific about why they were unhappy. One-third of patients regularly looked for information about rhinoplasty on social media. Less than a third were affected by celebrities who had rhinoplasty for cosmetic reasons. However, over three percent believed the social media ads portraying rhinoplasty as a safe surgical procedure. CONCLUSION. We concluded that social media platforms play a significant role for the decision to undergo rhinoplasty and postoperative patient satisfaction.

Efficacy of 24 hours versus 5 days of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of surgical site infection in outpatient elective facial plastic surgery

BackgroundThe discovery of penicillin marked a paradigm shift in medicine with the ability to treat previously life-threatening infections. Increasing antibiotic resistance as well as the risk of adverse reactions to antibiotics, however, creates pressures for judicious use. There continues to be debate about the role of prophylactic antibiotics in facial plastic surgery. This study explores the role of prophylactic antibiotic administration in elective outpatient facial plastic surgery by comparing 5 days versus 24 hours of antibiotic prophylaxis. MethodA retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients undergoing cosmetic procedures at an outpatient facial plastic surgical center who received either 5 days or 24 hours of prophylactic antibiotics was performed. The primary outcome was the need for postoperative antibiotics within 6 weeks of surgery. Results204 patients met the inclusion criteria: 104 in the 5-day group and 100 in the 24-hour prophylaxis group. The overall infection rate was 3.4%: 3% in the 24-hour group and 3.8% in the 5-day group (p = 0.77). Subgroup analysis of clean-contaminated cases (n = 85) showed the rate of postoperative infections was 4.3%, all within the 5-day group. In clean cases (n = 119), the rate of postoperative infections was 4.2% (n = 5): 4.8% (n = 3) in the 24-hour group versus 3.5% (n = 2) in the 5-day group. ConclusionsThe results show that decreasing the duration of antibiotics was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative infection. Given that antibiotics are an increasingly precious commodity with rising rates of resistance, this study supports the use of decreasing postoperative antibiotics to 24 hours.

Who Posts on Instagram? Using Natural Language Processing to Assess the Relationship Between Training Background and Content of 700,000 Posts.

Instagram (Menlo Park, CA) is a major platform for the dissemination of plastic surgery (PS) information, but the training background of users is difficult to ascertain. We sought to better characterize the source and content of PS-related posts on Instagram. Metadata from publicly available Instagram posts containing PS relevant hashtags was collected from December 2018 to August 2020 using Node.js (Node.js Foundation, San Francisco, CA). The data was characterized by account type, and post topics were analyzed using a custom dictionary of PS procedures applied with natural language processing. All data analyses were performed with R (The R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Board-certified plastic surgeons account for 38% of posts on Instagram, followed by organizations (31%), nonplastics-trained physicians (19%), facial plastics (5%), oculoplastics (1%), and nonphysician providers (5%). Oculoplastics had the highest engagement rate with their posts (3.7 ± 5.1), whereas plastic surgeons had the lowest (2.7 ± 4.2). Breast aesthetics was the predominant topic posted by plastic surgeons (42%, P < .001), and board certification phrases distinguished their posts from other account types (23%, P < .001). Nonphysician posts focused on nonsurgical aesthetics like Botox and fillers (80%). However, nonplastics-trained physicians and organizations significantly contributed to procedural subcategories in a similar distribution to plastic surgeons. Board-certified plastic surgeons are not the predominant source of PS content on Instagram. Furthermore, posts by plastic surgeons have the lowest rate of engagement out of all account types studied. Although declarations of board certification distinguish content from plastics disciplines, they are only used in 21% of posts.

The history of facial plastic surgeons

The history of facial plastic surgeons

Application of augmented reality using automatic markerless registration for facial plastic and reconstructive surgery

This study aimed to present a novel markerless augmented reality (AR) system using automatic registration based on machine-learning algorithms that visualize the facial region and provide an intraoperative guide for facial plastic and reconstructive surgeries.This study prospectively enrolled 20 patients scheduled for facial plastic and reconstructive surgeries. The AR system visualizes computed tomographic data in three-dimensional (3D) space by aligning with the point clouds captured by a 3D camera. Point cloud registration consists of two stages: the preliminary registration gives an initial estimate of the transformation using landmark detection, followed by the precise registration using Iterative Closest Point algorithms. Computed Tomography (CT) data can be visualized as two-dimensional slice images or 3D images by the AR system. The AR registration error was defined as the cloud-to-cloud distance between the surface data obtained from the CT and 3D camera. The error was calculated in each facial territory, including the upper, middle, and lower face, while patients were awake and orally intubated, respectively.The mean registration errors were 1.490 ± 0.384 mm and 1.948 ± 0.638 mm while patients were awake and orally intubated, respectively. There was a significant difference in the errors in the lower face between patients while they were awake (1.502 ± 0.480 mm) and orally intubated (2.325 ± 0.971 mm) when stratified by facial territories (p = 0.006).The markerless AR can accurately visualize the facial region with a mean overall registration error of 1–2 mm, with a slight increase in the lower face due to errors arising from tube intubation.

Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications in Facial Plastic Surgery: A Scoping Review.

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are emerging technologies with wide potential applications in health care. We performed a scoping review of the current literature on the application of augmented and VR in the field of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS). PubMed and Web of Science. According to PRISMA guidelines, PubMed and Web of Science were used to perform a scoping review of literature regarding the utilization of AR and/or VR relevant to FPRS. Fifty-eight articles spanning 1997-2023 met the criteria for review. Five overarching categories of AR and/or VR applications were identified across the articles: preoperative, intraoperative, training/education, feasibility, and technical. The following clinical areas were identified: burn, craniomaxillofacial surgery (CMF), face transplant, face lift, facial analysis, facial palsy, free flaps, head and neck surgery, injectables, locoregional flaps, mandible reconstruction, mandibuloplasty, microtia, skin cancer, oculoplastic surgery, rhinology, rhinoplasty, and trauma. AR and VR have broad applications in FPRS. AR for surgical navigation may have the most emerging potential in CMF surgery and free flap harvest. VR is useful as distraction analgesia for patients and as an immersive training tool for surgeons. More data on these technologies' direct impact on objective clinical outcomes are still needed. N/A Laryngoscope, 134:2568-2577, 2024.

Deformity, etiology, solution, sequence (DESS): Facial analysis in rhinoplasty

PurposeRhinoplasty is amongst the most challenging surgeries to perfect and can take decades. This process begins during residency; however, residents often have limited exposure to rhinoplasty during their training and lack a standardized method for systematically analyzing and formulating a surgical plan. The DESS (Deformity, Etiology, Solution, Sequence) is a novel educational format for residents that serves to increase their pre-operative comfort with the surgical evaluation and intraoperative planning for a rhinoplasty. Materials and methodsA qualitative study performed at a tertiary academic institution with an otolaryngology residency program evaluating three consecutive residency classes comprised of four residents per class. A 9-item questionnaire was distributed to measure change in resident comfort after utilizing the DESS during their facial plastics rotation. Questionnaire responses highlighted resident comfort with facial nasal analysis, identifying deformities, suggesting surgical maneuvers, and synthesizing a comprehensive surgical plan. ResultsTen of the twelve residents surveyed responded. Of those that responded, comfort in facial nasal analysis, identification of common nasal deformities, surgical planning, and development of an overall surgical plan were significantly improved after completion of the facial plastic rotation. These residents largely attributed their success to the systematic educational format, with an average score of 4.8/5.0 (SD 0.42). ConclusionWhile rhinoplasty is a challenging artform to master, systematic approaches to analysis and operative planning are vital for teaching and guiding residents. Through this novel methodology, residents display significant improvement in their comfort with facial nasal analysis and overall surgical preparation.

Tranexamic acid in rhytidectomy: a scoping review.

Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding is considered one of the most common risks in rhytidectomy. Recently, the use of antifibrinolytic agents in facial plastic and reconstructive surgeries has been evaluated, but their use in rhytidectomy remains a topic of ongoing discussion. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that prevents enzymatic degradation of the fibrin clot by blocking the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, improves platelet function, and has a direct anti-inflammatory effect. This review covers pertinent literature to elucidate whether the use of TXA in rhytidectomy confers intraoperative and postoperative benefits. A systematic literature search was conducted in online databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science for all articles on the topic of TXA in facelift published up to and including June, 2023 using the following terms: "TXA," "tranexamic acid," "plastic surgery," "aesthetic surgery," "facelift," "rhytidectomy". They were either searched individually or in combination. All relevant original research articles, of any study design were included and narratively discussed in this review. Studies not carried out in humans and studies centred on the use of TXA in other specialties were excluded. English Language was included. Eight articles were reviewed in this paper. Through these articles, the authors provided in detail the possible beneficial effects of TXA in facelift patients in evaluating several clinical outcomes: intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drain output, postoperative oedema, ecchymosis, operative time, and surgical field quality. Although there is still a lack of information on TXA in facelift patients, we are not able to deny the beneficial effects of TXA on this topic. Therefore, further investigations including prospective, case-controlled multi-institutional studies comparing routes of delivery should be performed until reaching, at the end, an evidence-based guideline providing a clear protocol in terms of the administration and dosage of TXA in facelift.

Rosalind Franklin Society Proudly Announces the 2022 Award Recipient for Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine.

Rosalind Franklin Society Proudly Announces the 2022 Award Recipient for Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine.