Facial Contour Research Articles

Comparative Characteristics of High-Resolution Ultrasonic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnostics of Edema after Plastic Facial Contouring (Clinical Case)

Clinical monitoring of the parameters of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of edema after injection contour plastic. When fillers were detected, hypoechoic avascular structures were found in the soft tissues of the face with blurred contours against the background of infiltrative changes. On MRI the filler was more clearly visualized in the fat suppression mode as a signal section with clear, even contours of certain shapes subcutaneously and supraperiostal. Infiltration changes were characterized by signal amplification and contour blurring.

Combining Patient-specific Implant With Malar Reduction to Repair Mid-facial Asymmetry Caused by Craniofacial Fractures in Asians.

Mid-facial asymmetry caused by bone defect or deformation resulted from craniofacial fracture was a common secondary complication needed to repair. Patient-specific implant (PSI) designed with the unaffected side as a template is a good choice to repair this kind of facial asymmetry. However, in Asians, the broad and prominent zygomatic bone in unaffected side is not an optimal template, because the oval facial shape was considered as a more attractive appearance in Asian esthetic concept. To repair the mid-facial asymmetry and to improve the facial contour, the authors combined PSI implantation with malar reduction in one-stage surgery. The authors referred the facial proportion index (the optimal ratio of mid and lower face was 1.27) as a basis for preoperative precise design to determine the ideal facial shape of unaffected side, and used mirror image overlay technique with the ideal shape of unaffected side as a template to design the PSI. With this surgical strategy, patients not only can repair facial asymmetry but also can get a more attractive appearance.

Three-Dimensional Digital Technology: A Powerful Assistant for the Reconstruction of Complex Craniofacial Deformities.

Three-dimensional digital technology has been widely applied in craniofacial surgeries, particularly in conventional procedures such as facial contouring and orthognathic surgery. To some extent, the process has already been standardized. As to reconstruction surgeries of complex craniofacial deformity, however, surgical plans need to be patient-specific. Traditionally, individualized surgical treatment largely relies on the surgeon's clinical experience. The application of digital technology mainly focuses on preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of surgical outcomes rather than intraoperative patient-specific implants or osteotomy guides. For patients with complex craniofacial deformities, requirements for accurate 3-dimensional digital technology can be much higher. This study presents a favorable surgical reconstruction of the severe craniofacial deformity using 3-dimensional digital technology, providing references for craniofacial surgeons, which could be beneficial to clinical practice and treatment efficacy.

Morpho-facial variations in physical features of two tribal populations of Kargil (Ladakh, India): A bio-anthropological investigation

Somatoscopy is a systematic and cumulative visual examination of the morphological features of an individual. Physical anthropologists have classified humans into certain specific groups on the basis of specific morphoscopical features, and such variations have been widely studied. Fourteen somatoscopic traits of 800 adult (>25years) Ladakhi individuals, belonging to two Kargil (India) tribal groups (Brokpas and Purigpas) were examined; four hundred (N=400) healthy individuals from each tribe i.e., 221 males and 179 females of the Brokpa tribe and 210 males and 190 females of the Purigpa tribe, comprised the present study sample. Statistically significant differences were noticed between the Brokpas and the Purigpas with respect to the frequencies distribution of their skin colour, hair form, facial contour/ profile, nasal types and presence/absence of epicanthic fold, prognathism, Darwin’s tubercle, Adam’s apple, scaphoid, attached ear lobe etc. The Brokpas exhibited significant sex differences in skin colour, eye colour, hair form, nasal septum, nasal tip, epicanthic fold, ear lobe, and Adam apple, whereas only skin colour, eye colour, ear lobe attachment, hair form, and prognathism were found significantly different in the two sexes of Purigpas. The morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in the human physical features of the two Ladakhi tribes will add to the existing knowledge regarding the anthropological characteristics of different ethnic groups of India. The differences in their morphological traits may be due to the differences in their genetic adaptations as the two tribal groups originated from two different ancient populations i.e., the Brokpas are of the European origin and the Purigpas are the descendants of the Tibeto-Mongoloids. The results of this study, however, need to be supplemented with a compressive investigation to confirm the heterogeneity in the morphological and genetic features of the two tribal groups of Ladakh (India) and the influence of differential ancestral migrations on the facial features of the individuals of the two tribal groups.

IMMEDIATE LIFTING EFFECT AFTER MICROFOCUSED ULTRASOUND APPLICATION

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) treatment is an innovative technique for non-invasive facial aesthetic treatments. This work aims to present the theoretical foundations, mechanism of action, and effectiveness of this technology in facial rejuvenation through a case report. HIFU is a technique based on the emission of focused ultrasonic waves, which act directly on the layers of the skin, stimulating the natural process of collagen and elastin production known as neocollagenesis and neoelastogenesis. By precisely directing ultrasonic energy, it generates heat above 55°C at the focal point, leading to points of thermal coagulation (TCPs) in the target tissue and promoting tissue contraction, resulting in a non-surgical and long-lasting lifting effect. Several scientific studies demonstrating the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound in treating expression lines, skin sagging, wrinkles, and improving facial contour have been reviewed. Furthermore, the technology has been successfully applied in specific areas, such as the periocular region, for treating periorbital wrinkles. The findings indicate that HIFU is safe and well-tolerated by patients, with minimal side effects and associated risks. The absence of recovery time and the possibility of immediate return to daily activities have contributed to the growing popularity of the procedure. In conclusion, high-intensity focused ultrasound emerges as a promising and effective alternative in the field of orofacial harmonization, providing consistent results and patient satisfaction.

Clinical application of 3-dimensional tissue volume assessment using CloudCompare

Adjunctive procedures, including autologous fat grafting and surgical debulking, may be required to optimise facial contours following maxillomandibular reconstruction. A standardised method for the quantitative analysis of volumetric change and the impact of restoration of facial symmetry on health-related quality of life remains unclear. We use two case studies to illustrate the value of a combination of objective 3-dimenmsional (3D) measurements, clinical assessments, and patient-reported outcomes, using the FACE-Q questionnaire to elucidate the benefits of adjunctive procedures.

Application of self-made anti-pressure sore cotton cover in preventing facial pressure injury in patients with non-invasive ventilation

To observe the application effect of self-made anti-pressure sore cotton cover on the prevention of facial pressure injury in patients with non-invasive ventilation, and to explore the effective method of preventing facial pressure injury. A prospective study was conducted. Patients with mild to moderate respiratory failure and non-invasive ventilation admitted to the department of intensive care medicine of Harisen International Peace Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University from March 2020 to August 2021 were enrolled, and they were divided into gauze pad group, foam dressing group and self-made anti-pressure ulcer cotton cover group by random number table method. Before wearing the ventilator mask, the gauze pad group and the foam auxiliary dressing group should fold or cut out the auxiliary dressing with the corresponding size and suitable for the patient's facial contour. In the self-made anti-pressure sore cotton cover group, the ventilator cotton cover could be worn only by selecting the cotton cover suitable for the patient's face shape, aligning the vent to the mouth and nose, and tying the fixed belt behind the ear. The incidence of facial pressure sore, the time required to connect man-machine interface (from the preparation of auxiliary dressing for pressure sores to the connection of ventilator) and the cost of dressing were compared among the three groups. A total of 150 patients with non-invasive ventilation were enrolled, with 50 patients in each group. Compared with the gauze pad group and the foam dressing group, the incidence of facial pressure sore in the self-made anti-pressure sore cotton cover group was significantly reduced [6.0% (3/50) vs. 44.0% (22/50), 12.0% (6/50), both P < 0.05], and the time required to connect the man-machine interface was significantly shortened (minutes: 5.0±1.5 vs. 10.0±1.5, 8.0±2.0, both P < 0.05), dressing cost was significantly reduced (yuan: 30±10 vs. 150±20, 118±29, both P < 0.05). Compared with the gauze pad and the foam dressing, the incidence of facial pressure sore in non-invasive ventilation patients with self-made anti-pressure sore cotton cover is lower, the time required to connect man-machine interface is shorter, and the cost of pressure sore prevention dressing is less, which is suitable for the prevention of facial pressure injury in non-invasive ventilation patients.

Facial Contour Features Measured on CT Reflects Upper Airway Morphology in Patients With OSA.

To determine facial contour features, measured on computed tomography (CT), related to upper airway morphology in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); certain phenotype of facial abnormalities implying restriction of craniofacial skeleton and adipose tissue nimiety has predicted the value of the severity of OSA. Sixty-four male patients with OSA [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥10/h] who had upper airway CT were randomly selected to quantitatively measure indicators of facial contour and upper airway structures. Pearson correlation analyses were performed. Partial correlation procedure was used to examine correlations while controlling body mass index (BMI). Upper airway anatomy can nearly all be reflected in the face, except retroglossal airway. Upper face width can be measured to assess the overall skeletal structures of the airway. Lower face width can be used to represent how much adipose tissue deposited. Hard palate, retropalatal, and hypopharyngeal airways have corresponding face indicators respectively. Midface width is a better predictor of AHI severity and minimum blood oxygen even than neck circumference because it contains the most anatomical information about the airway, including RP airway condition, soft palate length, tongue volume, etc. These correlations persisted even after correction for BMI. All anatomical features of the upper airway except retroglossal airway can be reflected in the face, and midface width is the best predictor of AHI severity and minimum blood oxygen, even better than neck circumference and BMI.

Anthropometric Study of Facial Index and its Clinical Implications among Medical Students in Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal

Background: The human facial contour has always been an interesting subject for anatomists, anthropologists, plastic surgeons and artists. The purpose of study was to create and evaluate data on face anthropometry. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 medical students studying at a ter­tiary care hospital during the period of 5th September 2022 to 5th February 2023 after ethical clearance from the institutional review committee (Ref. No: 194/079/080). Simple random sampling was done. Data were collected, entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Results: We observed that mean indices of the facial height was10.43± 0.84, facial width was 12.40±0.68,range of facial height was 9.31-13.01 and range of facial width was11.10-15.13 cm. Mesoprosopic face was predominant among female whereas leptoprosopic face type was more common among male population of the study. The most common face type was mesoprosopic and the uncommon was hyperleptoprosopic. The least common face among men was Europrosopic while among women was hyperleptoprosopic type. There was significant difference in the male and the female facial index. Conclusions: A higher index for all the parameters was seen among males than females. The data obtained may be useful in anthropological research, forensic, genetic research, as well as in medical clinical practice.

Facial and body contouring with 1444nm Nd:YAG laser-assisted lipolysis: Clinical evidence.

Body contouring is a significant area of dermatologic and plastic surgery. Surgical procedures, like surgical lipectomy, and less invasive procedures, such as various liposuction techniques, are the two main ways to reduce fat. Our study showed that 1444nm Nd:YAG laser-assisted lipolysis used with appropriate and specific parameters effectively destroys adipose tissue avoiding these risks and determining a safe clinical application. A subcutaneous, 1444nm Nd:YAG laser was used on 132 patients (range, 18-73 years; 109 women and 23 men with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes ranging between II and V) requiring body and face contouring. All patients were photographed for documentation. Digital clinical photography was taken under as near identical conditions as possible at baseline (pre-treatment), and 16weeks post-treatment. The 5-point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) was recorded immediately after treatment and at their final assessment session (4 months). Adverse events were monitored. On the basis of the investigator-evaluated GAIS scale, the total GAIS scores showed satisfactory results. Clinician assessment from the clinical photography showed good efficacy and visible aesthetic results for body and face areas. No serious or unexpected adverse side effects were recorded, and transient pain, oedema, erythema and slight induration resolved within the first week of treatment. The 1444nm Nd:YAG laser is a new tool for performing lipolysis, and this study reports its effectiveness and safety.

Perception gap of aged facial appearance; self-perception is younger than actual status due to angle of viewing.

Facial morphology changes with aging, resulting in an aged appearance that is a great matter of concern for people. However, it is not clear whether people perceive their own facial appearance accurately, in part because there are few methods to evaluate this. The aim of this study is firstly to establish an evaluation system for the perception gap of aged facial appearance between the self-perceived status and the actual status, and then to use this evaluation system to quantify the perception gap and to clarify the mechanism of this gap METHOD: Thirty-six middle-aged female volunteers were first asked to rate their facial aging-related morphology according to a 6-grade set of photos taken at a 45° angle from the front showing progressive stages of sagging severity, without looking either in a mirror or at photos of themselves (self- or "subjective" perception). Then they were shown photos of their face taken at a 45° angle from the front, and asked again to rate their sagging grade based on these photos ("objective" rating). In addition, facial photos taken from several angles from the front to the side were evaluated for sagging severity by trained evaluators. This system for analyzing perception gap revealed that the self-perception of aged appearance was significantly younger than the actual situation in three facial areas, namely the cheek, around the eyes and the facial contour, and the gap corresponded to an age difference of as much as 8 years in middle-aged females. Trained evaluators found that the severity of sagging judged from photos taken from a frontal direction was significantly less than in photos of the same subject taken from side angles. This suggests that recognition of sagging is more difficult from the front, which is the direction from which people view their own face in daily life. Indeed, viewing photos taken from the side, a rare viewing angle of one's own face, increased the motivation to improve aged appearance in more than 70% of the subjects in a questionnaire survey. The results suggest that people perceive their own facial appearance as less aged than it actually is. The reason for this appears to be that viewing from the front, the usual viewing angle of one's own face in daily life, results in lower perceived sagging severity, likely due to reduced depth perception.

FlowFace: Semantic Flow-Guided Shape-Aware Face Swapping

In this work, we propose a semantic flow-guided two-stage framework for shape-aware face swapping, namely FlowFace. Unlike most previous methods that focus on transferring the source inner facial features but neglect facial contours, our FlowFace can transfer both of them to a target face, thus leading to more realistic face swapping. Concretely, our FlowFace consists of a face reshaping network and a face swapping network. The face reshaping network addresses the shape outline differences between the source and target faces. It first estimates a semantic flow (i.e. face shape differences) between the source and the target face, and then explicitly warps the target face shape with the estimated semantic flow. After reshaping, the face swapping network generates inner facial features that exhibit the identity of the source face. We employ a pre-trained face masked autoencoder (MAE) to extract facial features from both the source face and the target face. In contrast to previous methods that use identity embedding to preserve identity information, the features extracted by our encoder can better capture facial appearances and identity information. Then, we develop a cross-attention fusion module to adaptively fuse inner facial features from the source face with the target facial attributes, thus leading to better identity preservation. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on in-the-wild faces demonstrate that our FlowFace outperforms the state-of-the-art significantly.

A Multicenter Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Botulax in Asian Patients with Benign Masseteric Hypertrophy.

Benign masseteric hypertrophy (BMH) is a condition in which the thickness of the masseter muscle is increased, resulting in jawline prominence with an undesirable cosmetic appearance. Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection is a promising treatment option, but its effective dose remains debated. Adults older than 19 diagnosed with BMH through visual examination and palpation related to a masseter muscle prominence were selected, and 80 patients were randomly assigned into five groups (placebo group and four groups with different doses of BTA: 24 U, 48 U, 72 U, or 96 U, on both sides of the jaw) and treated with placebo or BTA once at their baseline visit. During each follow-up, the treatment efficacy was evaluated with ultrasound examination of the masseter muscle, three-dimensional facial contour analysis, visual evaluation by the investigator, and patient satisfaction evaluation. The mean age of the 80 patients was 42.7 ± 9.98 years; 68.75% were women. The mean change in masseter muscle thickness during the maximum clenching state after 12 weeks of drug administration compared with baseline in the 24-U, 48-U, 72-U, and 96-U groups were -2.33 ± 0.41 mm, -3.35 ± 0.42 mm, -2.86 ± 0.42 mm, and -3.79 ± 0.42 mm, respectively. All treatment groups showed a statistically significant decrease compared with placebo. Regarding subjective satisfaction, all treatment groups, except the 24-U group at 4 weeks, showed higher satisfaction than the placebo group during all visits. No significant adverse events were noted. BTA administration of at least 48 U for BMH is more cost-effective than high-dose units and has a low risk of side effects. Therapeutic, II.

A roadmap for safety during facial filler injections: A fresh frozen cadaver study

Filler injections are commonly applied to reshape facial contouring. However, cadaveric injections of filler for facial contouring on the whole face, followed by anatomic analysis and measurement, have rarely been reported. This study aimed to provide comprehensive anatomical information, including topographies and roadmap of injection point entry, penetration depth, filler location, the hierarchy of facial structure, and vital vascular course. Thirty faces on fresh frozen cadaver heads were used for this anatomic study. The whole face was divided into seven facial zones and 14 injection points for penetration depth measurement and cadaveric injection. Static periosteum injections with a sharp-needle technique were performed. Specimens were then dissected to observe the precise locations of fillers and their relationships with surrounding anatomic structures. The topography of penetration depth gradually increased from the upper face to the middle face, lower face, and temporal region. Most of the injected hyaluronic acid filler flowed backward to the loose areolar tissue layer between the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and periosteum or deep fascia. Multilevel layer distributions and anastomosis of the vessels were found in the face, especially in the glabella, dorsum nasi, and temporal regions. This study can provide clinicians with a comprehensive reference for facial contouring injections: topographies of the injection point and penetration depth and the vascular anatomical structure in high-risk facial zones. The static periosteum injection with effective aspiration is recommended as a relatively safe technique. Clinicians are supposed to grasp the anatomy and injection technique to achieve maximum safety during filler injections.

Comparison of 2 Incisional Methods in Hair Transplantation.

Hair transplantation has been an effective technique for facial contour modification. Hair follicular units (FU) harvested from scalp strip is the gold-standard method for hair transplantation. The difference in obtaining FU from different shapes of scalp strips is not clear yet. Follicular units of 127 patients were harvested from scalp strip through parallelogram incision or fusiform incision from October 2017 to January 2020. The number of FU in 1cm 2 scalp strip were calculated and paired t test were used to compare the difference in hair follicle acquirement rate between 2 incisions. The number and acquisition rate of FU by parallelogram incision were significantly higher than that by fusiform incision. Therefore, parallelogram incision might be more suitable to harvest FU for hair transplantation surgery.

Illumination Removal via Gaussian Difference L0 Norm Model for Facial Experssion Recognition

Face images in the logarithmic space can be considered as a sum of the texture component and lighting map component according to Lambert Reflection. However, it is still not easy to separate these two parts, because face contour boundaries and lighting change boundaries are difficult to distinguish. In order to enhance the separation quality of these to parts, this paper proposes an illumination standardization algorithm based on extreme L0 Gaussian difference regularization constraints, assuming that illumination is massively spread all over the image but illumination change boundaries are simple, regular, and sparse enough. The proposed algorithm uses an iterative L0 Gaussian difference smoothing method, which achieves a more accurate lighting map estimation by reserving the fewest boundaries. Thus, the texture component of the original image can be restored better by simply subtracting the lighting map estimated. The experiments in this paper are organized with two steps: the first step is to observe the quality of the original texture restoration, and the second step is to test the effectiveness of our algorithm for complex face classification tasks. We choose the facial expression classification in this step. The first step experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can effectively recover face image details from extremely dark or light regions. In the second step experiment, we use a CNN classifier to test the emotion classification accuracy, making a comparison of the proposed illumination removal algorithm and the state-of-the-art illumination removal algorithm as face image preprocessing methods. The experimental results show that our algorithm works best for facial expression classification at about 5 to 7 percent accuracy higher than other algorithms. Therefore, our algorithm is proven to provide effective lighting processing technical support for the complex face classification problems which require a high degree of preservation of facial texture. The contribution of this paper is, first, that this paper proposes an enhanced TV model with an L0 boundary constraint for illumination estimation. Second, the boundary response is formulated with the Gaussian difference, which strongly responds to illumination boundaries. Third, this paper emphasizes the necessity of reserving details for preprocessing face images.

Successful Treatment and Long-Term Follow-Up of Parry-Romberg Syndrome with Anterolateral Thigh Adipofascial Flap.

Anterolateral thigh adipofascial free flap transfer is a frequently used method to reconstruct facial symmetry and restore facial soft-tissue contour in patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome, but long-term prognosis and outcomes are unclear. The authors report their treatment experience with 42 patients between 2001 and 2017 using microsurgical free anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap transfer. Long-term follow-up results and final reconstructive outcomes were evaluated. A total of 42 patients were included. The follow-up ranged from 5 to 21 years. All patients were satisfied with the surgery. Photographic evaluation revealed significant enhancement of postoperative appearance. Numbness or hypesthesia of the local area was the most common symptom noted in long-term follow-up. This study evaluated the long-term results of treating Parry-Romberg disease with microsurgery using ALT free flap in the authors' department. Over 20 years of experience and the significant enhancement in overall appearance indicate a long-lasting, excellent outcome. Therapeutic, IV.

Assessment and Treatment Strategies for the Aesthetic Improvement of the Lower Face and Neck.

Interest in aesthetic rejuvenation of the lower face and neck is growing, but published expert guidance is limited. Review aesthetic concerns of the lower face and neck and provide expert guidance on evaluation and treatment. Twelve international experts participated in an advisory board on lower face and neck aesthetic treatment. They completed a premeeting survey and met twice, reviewing responses and discussing patient evaluation and treatment strategies. They developed decision tree algorithms on patient assessment and treatment planning and sequencing, using clinical cases as a reference. Treatment concerns include neck and lower face skin laxity, structural bone deficiency, insufficient or excess volume, submental fat, jowls, platysma bands, and masseter muscle prominence. Advisors agreed that the lower face and neck may be the most challenging areas to assess and treat; treatment goals include lower facial contour and overall facial harmony/balance. Advisors recommended first ruling out a surgical approach, then determining whether midface treatment is needed to support the lower face, and lastly evaluating the lower face for significant submental fat, excess or insufficient volume, and structural bone deficiency. To treat the lower face and neck, an anatomical layer approach, moving from deep to superficial layers, beginning with structural support, was recommended. Assessment and treatment decision trees were based on this approach. The lower face and neck are important but underrecognized areas of aesthetic concern. This article provides expert guidance and a suggested algorithm for assessment and treatment aimed at achieving satisfying and harmonious facial aesthetic results.

Advancements in adipose-derived stem cell therapy for skin fibrosis

Pathological scarring and scleroderma, which are the most common conditions of skin fibrosis, pathologically manifest as fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) hyperplasia. Fibroblast proliferation and ECM hyperplasia lead to fibrotic tissue remodeling, causing an exaggerated and prolonged wound-healing response. The pathogenesis of these diseases has not been fully clarified and is unfortunately accompanied by exceptionally high medical needs and poor treatment effects. Currently, a promising and relatively low-cost treatment has emerged-adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) therapy as a branch of stem cell therapy, including ASCs and their derivatives-purified ASC, stromal vascular fraction, ASC-conditioned medium, ASC exosomes, etc., which are rich in sources and easy to obtain. ASCs have been widely used in therapeutic settings for patients, primarily for the defection of soft tissues, such as breast enhancement and facial contouring. In the field of skin regeneration, ASC therapy has become a hot research topic because it is beneficial for reversing skin fibrosis. The ability of ASCs to control profibrotic factors as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions will be discussed in this review, as well as their new applications in the treatment of skin fibrosis. Although the long-term effect of ASC therapy is still unclear, ASCs have emerged as one of the most promising systemic antifibrotic therapies under development.

Retrospective Analysis of Management of Zygomatic Complex Fractures

Introduction Zygomatic bone and its surrounding bony anatomy are essential for maintaining facial contour—cheek prominence and orbital integrity. Management of the zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures are important in the maintenance of function and facial integrity. Aim and Objectives To analyze the incidence, aetiology, surgical management, and complications encountered in the treatment of ZMC fractures in our super-specialty hospital, and to compare the number and location of fixation points and surgical access in our patient cohort with the literature. Materials and Method Retrospective analysis of all operative cases (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) of ZMC fractures over a 3-year period (2017-2021) were reviewed. Craniofacial maxillofacial trauma patient’s medical records were collected and out which only the ZMC fracture cases were reviewed. Only the medical records from the period from 2017 to 2021 were included. The parameters such as etiology, site of the ZMC fracture, type of fracture, associated injuries, clinical findings, treated with conservative or surgical intervention, type of incisions used, number of fixation used, and any complications encountered were reviewed and analyzed. Results Out of 428 cases of craniofacial injury, 96 cases were ZMC fractures, isolated ZMC fractures accounted for 43%, 33% with associated injuries, 13% isolated arch, while 11% accounted isolated infraorbital rim fracture. Most common clinical findings were subconjunctival ecchymosis (71%), flattening of cheek (39%), malocclusion (22%), and so on. Buccal sulcus incision (66%) was mainly used, followed by upper blepharoplasty incision (59%). Depending on degree of displacement of fracture 1-point fixation (8%), 2-point fixation (30%), or 3-point fixation (27%) was performed. About 33% of cases were conservatively managed and followed up on regular intervals. Lymph edema, infra orbital paresthesia, temporary blindness, diplopia, hemianopsia were some of the complications encountered which were managed successfully and followed up. Conclusion ZMC fractures are most commonly occurring midface fractures with variable etiologies. The most common ZMC fracture pattern was tripod type of fracture. Greater portion of the patient were treated with 2-point fixation. Most of the complications were due to the impact and velocity of trauma.