Facets Of Impulsivity Research Articles

The structure of aggressive personality.

We sought to factor analyze a broad array of aggression measures to identify a comprehensive, coherent factor structure for this construct. Measures and models of trait aggression have multiplied to the point of incoherence. In Study 1, a diverse sample of 922 undergraduates completed a battery of items acquired from 42 self-report aggression questionnaires. In Study 2, we administered a curated item pool to another diverse sample of 1447 undergraduates, alongside criterion measures. We curated an initial item pool of 734 items down to 289 items that exhibited sufficient variability, were not redundant with other items, and possessed strong loadings onto a central 'trait aggression' factor. These remaining items were best characterized by a six-factor structure, which captured relational, angry, violent, retaliatory, intimate partner, and alcohol forms of aggression. We estimated their hierarchical structure, correlations with their original aggression scales, Five Factor Model trait dimensions, impulsivity facets, and found them to be robust to gender composition and the inclusion of alcohol-naive and intimate-partner-naive participants. This factor structure mostly supported widely-accepted models of aggressive personality that focus on its overt and relational forms and reactive functions, though proactive aggression only loosely emerged as a distinct entity. We retained the final items as the Comprehensive Aggression Scale (CAS).

Effects of parental mental health and family environment on impulsivity in preadolescents: a longitudinal ABCD study®.

Impulsivity is a known risk factor for the development of substance use disorders and other psychiatric conditions that is influenced by both genetics and environment. Although research has linked parental mental health to children's impulsivity, potential mediators of this relationship remain understudied. The current investigation leverages the large national Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to assess the mediating role of family conflict - an important social context for youth development - in the relationship between parental mental health and youth impulsivity. Data were from the first three annual waves of the ABCD study (Baseline N = 11,876 children, Mage = 9.9 years; 48% female; 52% White). Parental mental health conditions were self-reported internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. Youth completed the family conflict scale, and Urgency, Planning (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) scale to measure impulsivity. To determine if within-family change in conflict from baseline to year 1 explained changes in the strength of relations between baseline parental mental health and year 2 youth impulsivity, longitudinal causal mediation analyses were conducted, controlling for demographic factors (i.e., age, sex, race, household income, parental education, marital status), as well as baseline levels of family conflict and outcomes. Separate mediation models were run for each mental health condition and each UPPS-P subscale. Above and beyond bivariate relations, longitudinal mediation models, which included covariates, showed family conflict significantly (ps < 0.001) mediated relations between all three parental mental health conditions and all but one (i.e., sensation seeking) UPPS-P subscales. The proportion mediated through family conflict for internalizing problems and total problems on facets of impulsivity (except sensation seeking) ranged from 9% (for lack of perseverance) to 17% (for lack of planning). Proportion mediated via family conflict for externalizing problems on youth's impulsivity (except sensation seeking) was slightly higher, ranging between 13% (lack of perseverance) to 21% (lack of planning). Family conflict may be an important intergenerational factor linking parental mental health and youth's impulsivity. Addressing parental mental health and family conflict may help curb increased impulsivity in youth, and in turn reduce adolescent substance use disorders.

Inflamed but not impulsive: Acute inflammatory cytokine response does not impact prepotent response inhibition

BackgroundPrior evidence has linked inflammation with impulsivity, but most of this evidence is cross-sectional. In this study, we provoked an acute inflammatory cytokine response to see whether it lowered prepotent response inhibition on three cognitive tasks. MethodThis study features secondary analyses from a randomized crossover trial in which 171 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (Stage I-IIIA) each received a typhoid capsular polysaccharide vaccination and a saline placebo injection in a random sequence at two separate visits at least one month apart. Participants completed the Stroop Color-Discrepant Task, the 2-back, and the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT) on the computer between 5 and 7 h after the injections. They had their blood drawn once before and repeatedly after the injection to measure interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 responses. ResultsWomen committed marginally fewer errors on the Stroop color-discrepant trials after the typhoid vaccine (M = 0.36, SE = 0.08), compared to placebo (M = 0.54, SE = 0.09, p = .076). Injection type did not predict 2-back accuracy (p = .80) or CPT commission errors (p = .47). Inflammatory cytokine responses were also unrelated to the outcomes of interest (ps>.16). ConclusionWe found no evidence that an acute inflammatory cytokine response provokes response disinhibition – an important facet of impulsivity. In fact, our only marginally non-significant result suggested that women were better able to inhibit their prepotent responses on the Stroop after receiving the typhoid vaccine, compared to placebo. Further experimental tests of the acute inflammatory cytokine response's effect on other aspects of impulsivity are warranted. LimitationsThe sample was female, primarily White, highly educated cancer survivors, and recruitment was not premised on impulsive traits or diagnosis with an impulsive-related disorder. Also, there are many facets of impulsivity, and this study only measured response inhibition.

Divergent risky decision-making and impulsivity behaviors in Lewis rat substrains with low genetic difference.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with a cluster of cognitive disturbances that engender vulnerability to ongoing drug seeking and relapse. Two of these endophenotypes-risky decision-making and impulsivity-are amplified in individuals with SUD and are augmented by repeated exposure to illicit drugs. Identifying genetic factors underlying variability in these behavioral patterns is critical for early identification, prevention, and treatment of SUD-vulnerable individuals. Here, we compared risky decision-making and different facets of impulsivity between two fully inbred substrains of Lewis rats-LEW/NCrl and LEW/NHsd. We performed whole genome sequencing of both substrains to identify almost all relevant variants. We observed substantial differences in risky decision-making and impulsive behaviors. Relative to LEW/NHsd, the LEW/NCrl substrain accepts higher risk options in a decision-making task and higher rates of premature responses in the differential reinforcement of low rates of responding task. These phenotypic differences were more pronounced in females than males. We defined a total of ∼9,000 polymorphisms between these substrains at 40× whole genome short-read coverage. Roughly half of variants are located within a single 1.5 Mb region of Chromosome 8, but none impact protein-coding regions. In contrast, other variants are widely distributed, and of these, 38 are predicted to cause protein-coding variants. In conclusion, Lewis rat substrains differ significantly in risk-taking and impulsivity and only a small number of easily mapped variants are likely to be causal. Sequencing combined with a reduced complexity cross should enable identification of one or more variants underlying multiple complex addiction-relevant behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Impulsive choice in individuals with comorbid amphetamine use disorder and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Amphetamine use disorder (AMPH) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occur and are associated with poor treatment outcomes. Elevated impulsivity is a core feature in both disorders. Little is known however about the specific neurocognitive profile regarding different facets of impulsivity, and specifically impulsive choice, in comorbid populations. Three groups (ADHD + AMPH, ADHD only and healthy controls (HC)) were assessed with self-reported impulsivity and cognitive tasks of impulsive choice, operationalized as delay aversion (DA) and reflection impulsivity. Twenty-nine participants with comorbid ADHD + AMPH, 25 participants with ADHD only and 116 HC completed screening, including self-rating scales, and cognitive testing. 20, 16 and 114 participants completed computerized cognitive tasks in the ADHD + AMPH group, ADHD group and HC group, respectively. The ADHD + AMPH group reported significantly higher motor, attentional and non-planning impulsiveness, and showed a significantly higher degree of impulsive choice, compared to both groups. There were no differences in task-related impulsiveness between ADHD only and HC. The current findings suggest that individuals with ADHD + AMPH have overall elevated levels of impulsivity compared to individuals with ADHD only. In addition, that ADHD + AMPH is specifically associated with impairments in task-related impulsive choice, which was not found in ADHD only compared to HC. The neurocognitive profile in this specific patient group may represent a need for more systematic screening within healthcare settings in order to develop effective and targeted treatment for comorbid patients. EudraCT, 2012-004298-20.

Attentional impulsivity accounts for the association of antisociality with craving and mental health problems in incarcerated individuals with substance dependence

PurposePrisoners with substance use disorder (SUD) are at risk of mental health problems. Given the common co-occurring of psychopathic traits with SUDs, probably because of underlying impulsive traits (Ellingson et al., 2018), this study aims to examine the relation between psychopathy (impulsive antisociality and fearless dominance) and the functioning of incarcerated individuals with SUD. The authors investigated whether impulsivity (motor, nonplanning and attentional) can account for the relationship between one psychopathy facet (impulsive antisociality) and craving and mental health problems.Design/methodology/approachThe authors assessed self-reported impulsivity, psychopathy, craving and mental health problems in 121 male incarcerated individuals with SUD and calculated cross-sectional linear regression analyses and mediation models.FindingsImpulsive antisociality was positively related to all impulsivity facets, craving and mental health problems. Attentional impulsivity mediated the relationship of impulsive antisociality with craving and mental health problems. Fearless dominance was related to lower attentional and nonplanning impulsivity, craving and mental health problems.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should investigate these relations in longitudinal studies and evaluate tailored approaches, for example, mindfulness interventions.Practical implicationsInterventions to reduce craving and improve mental health might be important for those who display self-centered, antisocial behavior but are less relevant for those with fearless, dominant interpersonal behavior. Addressing attentional impulsivity may be of special interest in this regard.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study was the first to investigate the mediating role of different impulsivity facets for the association of impulsive antisociality with craving and with mental health problems in incarcerated individuals with SUD.

The usefulness of an intervention with a serious video game as a complementary approach to cognitive behavioural therapy in eating disorders: A pilot randomized clinical trial for impulsivity management.

The aim of the present study was to test the usefulness of an add-on serious video game approach (i.e., Playmancer) to treatment as usual (TAU) on reducing impulsive behaviours and psychopathology in individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder (ED). Thirty-seven patients diagnosed with an ED according to the DSM-5 were included in the present randomized clinical trial (RCT; study record 35,405 in ClinicalTrials.gov) and were randomly assigned to either the TAU or TAU+Playmancer group. All participants completed a clinical interview. Impulsivity (UPPS-P self reported questionnaire and Stroop task) and general psychopathology (SCL-90-R) measures were assessed at:baseline, 4weeks into treatment, at the end of TAU (after 16weeks), and follow-up (2years). In addition, patients in the experimental group underwent a total of nine sessions with Playmancer over the span of 3weeks. Patients in both treatment groups (TAU+Playmancer or TAU) improved on Stroop task performance and psychological distress. Additionally, patients in TAU-Playmancer improved on the impulsive traitdomain of lack of perseverance. No statistical differences were foundregarding treatment outcomes (i.e., treatment adherence and remission of eating symptomatology) when comparing the two treatment groups. Our results suggest that the impulsivity associated with EDs should be addressed and could be modified, as some facets of trait impulsivity improved after Playmancer add-on treatment. Yet, there were no significant differences in treatment outcomes when comparing the two groups and further research needs to be conducted.

The distinction between irritability and anger and their associations with impulsivity and subjective wellbeing

Irritability, anger, and impulsivity have important associations with psychological well-being. However, studying the internal relationships between such emotional constructs is challenging, largely because of the lack of precise operational definitions and extensively validated measurement tools. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between the above emotional constructs and how they relate to satisfaction with life and perceived negative impact on different life domains. Participants (N = 471) completed a self-report questionnaire online. Correlational analyses showed that higher levels of irritability and trait anger were associated with lower life satisfaction. Impulsivity displayed complex relationships with life satisfaction, with some aspects (sensation seeking) showing a positive relationship and others (urgency, lack of perseverance) showing a negative relationship. A two-factor Confirmatory Factor Analysis treating irritability and anger as separate constructs showed a better fit compared with a one-factor model, indicating that irritability and anger should be treated as separate constructs. An exploratory moderation analysis showed that higher irritability predicted increased anger only for participants scoring average to high on urgency (a facet of impulsivity). Our findings increase the understanding of the relationship between these dispositional constructs and supports the conceptualization of irritability and anger as related but distinct constructs.

Mediated and moderated associations between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure, emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and lifetime alcohol use: A cross-sectional scoping study of UK drinkers

Stress, trait impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation are independent predictors of alcohol use and misuse, but little is known about the potential mechanisms that link these risk factors together. To address this issue, we carried out an exploratory cross-sectional study, on UK-based participants. Our preregistered, hypothesised theoretical framework was that emotional dysregulation mediates the association between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and lifetime alcohol use. We also hypothesised that heightened impulsivity would strengthen these relations. As hypothesised, emotional dysregulation fully mediated the relation between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and lifetime alcohol use. Several facets of impulsivity moderated these associations. For example, as levels of negative urgency increased, the associations between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and emotional dysregulation, emotional dysregulation and lifetime alcohol use, and lifetime stress exposure and lifetime alcohol use, via emotional dysregulation, strengthened. These preliminary findings propose a theoretically framed model which integrates several prominent risk-factors for alcohol misuse, extending prior research and generating interesting and novel lines of enquiry for longitudinal and cross-cultural analyses. The findings also highlight the potential clinical utility of screening for lifetime stress exposure while tailoring personalised treatment interventions.

Predicting Reasons for Drinking in a Dually-Diagnosed Sample with PTSD and Substance Use Disorders

Objective: Using the negative reinforcement and common factors frameworks, this work assessed whether and how anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and impulsivity relate to reasons for drinking (RFD) in a residential treatment sample with co-occurring alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (AUD-PTSD). Demographic differences were also examined. Method: Participants were 75 (52.0% male, 78.7% white) adults at a residential substance use treatment facility who met criteria for AUD-PTSD with 98.67% meeting criteria for one or more substance use disorders in addition to AUD. Participants completed measures of anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, impulsivity, RFD, and AUD-PTSD symptoms. Univariate and multivariate linear regression was used with and without controlling for demographic variables (i.e., age, race, and sex). Results: The positive and negative urgency facets of impulsivity were positively related to both negative affect and cue/craving response RFD with relations maintained after controlling for demographic variables and including PTSD symptom severity (βs .30−.51). There were no significant relations between impulsivity and social RFD. No facets of anxiety sensitivity or distress tolerance were significantly related to RFD domains. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the urgency facets of impulsivity are crucial in understanding negative affect and cue/craving RFD. However, anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance are not related to RFD in this dually diagnosed AUD-PTSD sample. Treatment considerations and future directions are discussed.

Psychometric properties of the UPPS-P in Chilean adolescents and adults in treatment

The UPPS-P impulsivity scale has been used extensively to examine the association of impulsivity facets with psychiatric disorders, including substance use and related problems. However, it is still unclear if the original five-factor conceptualization of impulsivity constitutes the best model of its factor structure. The current study developed an adaptation of the original 59-item version of the UPPS-P for use with Chilean population and examined its factor structure in general-population adolescents (N = 838) and adults in substance use treatment (N = 316). Results indicated that all models had poor fit to the data, but Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling yielded 3-factor and hierarchical models that were adequate in capturing the underlying structure of the UPPS-P. Both the unidimensional and bifactor models were discarded, indicating that a general impulsivity factor is not supported, reinforcing the heterogenous nature of impulsivity as a construct. In addition, associations of UPPS-P facets with substance use-related problems suggest that it might be useful in clinical populations.

Motor impulsivity but not risk-related impulsive choice is associated to drug intake and drug-primed relapse.

Motor impulsivity and risk-related impulsive choice have been proposed as vulnerability factors for drug abuse, due to their high prevalence in drug abusers. However, how these two facets of impulsivity are associated to drug abuse remains unclear. Here, we investigated the predictive value of both motor impulsivity and risk-related impulsive choice on characteristics of drug abuse including initiation and maintenance of drug use, motivation for the drug, extinction of drug-seeking behavior following drug discontinuation and, finally, propensity to relapse. We used the Roman High- (RHA) and Low- Avoidance (RLA) rat lines, which display innate phenotypical differences in motor impulsivity, risk-related impulsive choice, and propensity to self-administer drugs. Individual levels of motor impulsivity and risk-related impulsive choice were measured using the rat Gambling task. Then, rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine (0.3 mg/kg/infusion; 14 days) to evaluate acquisition and maintenance of cocaine self-administration, after which motivation for cocaine was assessed using a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Subsequently, rats were tested for their resistance to extinction, followed by cue-induced and drug-primed reinstatement sessions to evaluate relapse. Finally, we evaluated the effect of the dopamine stabilizer aripiprazole on reinstatement of drug-seeking behaviors. We found that motor impulsivity and risk-related impulsive choice were positively correlated at baseline. Furthermore, innate high levels of motor impulsivity were associated with higher drug use and increased vulnerability to cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking. However, no relationships were observed between motor impulsivity and the motivation for the drug, extinction or cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking. High levels of risk-related impulsive choice were not associated to any aspects of drug abuse measured in our study. Additionally, aripiprazole similarly blocked cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking in both high- and low-impulsive animals, suggesting that aripiprazole acts as a D2/3R antagonist to prevent relapse independently of the levels of impulsivity and propensity to self-administer drugs. Altogether, our study highlights motor impulsivity as an important predictive factor for drug abuse and drug-primed relapse. On the other hand, the involvement of risk-related impulsive choice as a risk factor for drug abuse appears to be limited.

Impulsivity typologies and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use.

Simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis or marijuana ("SAM") use is prevalent among young adults and associated with adverse outcomes. Impulsivity is a key construct associated with alcohol and other substance use in this age group, but scant work has considered the role of individual facets of impulsivity on SAM use. The present study compared latent profiles defined by facets of impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) and examined whether profiles were associated with recent SAM use relative to alcohol without cannabis use. Participants were 542 young adults (53% female) recruited through Qualtrics Panels who reported past-year alcohol use and blackout drinking behavior. Participants completed online questionnaires regarding their past-year substance use behavior and typical impulsivity. Regression analysis examining the five impulsivity facets revealed that only sensation seeking predicted the likelihood of recent SAM use relative to alcohol without cannabis use. Using latent profile analysis, four profiles were identified: "low impulsivity," "high sensation seeking/urgency impulsivity," "moderate impulsivity," and "high lack of premeditation/perseverance impulsivity." Individuals in the high sensation seeking/urgency group were more likely to engage in SAM use. Impulsivity may be an important individual difference factor associated with SAM use. Young adults who engage in SAM use may be particularly vulnerable for impulsivity related to sensation seeking and urgency, which may further heighten their risk for hazardous use and related outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Using event-related potentials to differentiate facets of impulsivity

Using event-related potentials to differentiate facets of impulsivity

The relationship between smartphone use and smartphone addiction: An examination of logged and self-reported behavior in a pre-registered, two-wave sample

There has been a growing literature that has utilized logged behavior from smartphones to study the impacts of technology use on individuals. One of these proposed impacts has been that people become addicted to their smartphones. Measurements of smartphone addiction do not appear to strongly correlate with actual behavior logged from smartphones. Instead, smartphone addiction may be better explained by distress rather than disordered behavior, but this has not been adequately tested. This study examined the relative contributions of self-reported and actual smartphone behavior alongside key mental health and individual differences in a pre-registered, two-wave study with a two-week re-test. 511 smartphone users (391 at Time 2) completed measures of smartphone usage, attitudes towards smartphone usage, smartphone addiction, other behavioral addictions, mental health, and individual differences. The results suggest smartphone addiction is principally driven by perceived rather than actual usage, especially where these are discordant. Self-reported smartphone usage, other behavioral addictions, and the impulsivity facet of negative urgency are more predictive of smartphone addiction than logged behavior. These results suggest that volume of smartphone usage is insufficient in and of itself to explain problematic smartphone behavior and questions the criterion validity of smartphone addiction measurements.

The influence of trauma-related shame on the associations between posttraumatic symptoms and impulsivity facets.

The co-occurrence of posttraumatic symptoms (PTS) and impulsivity is associated with higher levels of risky and self-destructive behaviors and consequent safety and health risks. Trauma-related shame (TRS) may influence the association between PTS and impulsivity such that engaging in impulsive behaviors may serve to cope with emotional distress. Alternatively, TRS may motivate a deliberate consideration of behaviors (i.e., less impulsivity) to prevent further cognitive and emotional distress. The goal of the current study was to examine the influence of TRS on the associations between PTS and impulsivity facets (lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking). Data were collected from 506 community individuals who endorsed lifetime sexual trauma (Mage = 34.56, 54.3% women, 78.7% White). Findings indicated that TRS moderated associations between PTS and impulsivity facets of lack of perseverance, b = -.001, SE = .0003; t = -2.68, p = .008, 95% confidence interval [-.001, -.0002], and premeditation, b = -.001, SE = .0003; t = -3.70, p < .001, [-.002, -.001]; these associations were significant at low, but not high, levels of TRS. Findings suggest that in the context of PTS, TRS may reduce certain forms of impulsivity, potentially as a means to self-protect against further cognitive and emotional distress. Findings have important implications for understanding how individuals regulate and respond to shame in the context of PTS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Impulsivity in Depression: Its Relation to Suicidality.

Impulsivity is an important risk for suicidality, which is common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The goal of this study was to examine multiple facets of impulsivity in depressed patients compared with healthy controls and to assess their relationship to suicidality. Outpatients diagnosed with MDD using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV were recruited. Two groups were constituted as "MDD in remission" (n=32) and "MDD" (n=71). The "healthy control" group (n=30) consisted of individuals who had never been diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder. Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), a self-rating measure, and with the following behavioral tasks: Go/No-go Task, Iowa Gambling Task, and Balloon Analogue Risk Task. The scores of the 3 groups (n=133) were compared to evaluate the effect of MDD. The scores were also analyzed and compared in the patients in the 2 MDD groups (n=103) with respect to their current and lifetime suicidality. There was no difference in the 3 groups in task scores, but nonplanning BIS was correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Patients with suicidal ideation (SI) had higher BIS total and attention impulsivity scores and more commission errors on the Go/No-go Task, reflecting failure in response inhibition, compared with the patients without SI. Failure to show differences in impulsivity-related tasks suggests that there might be no relationship between the state of depression and impulsivity. However, these findings confirm that there is an association between SI and response inhibition and the attention facet of impulsivity in depression.

Facets of impulsivity and reward in relation to binge-eating disorder course of illness among children: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.

The present study examined facets of impulsivity and reward sensitivity [as measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Inhibition Scales (BIS/BAS)] as multivariable predictors of subsequent binge-eating disorder (BED) course of illness in middle childhood. The current sample included children aged 9-10 years (N=9,438) who took part in the baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. BED course was operationalized as those who never developed BED or subthreshold BED (SBED) ('control'), were diagnosed with BED/SBED at year 1 but not baseline ('developers'), were diagnosed with BED/SBED at baseline but not year 1 ('remitters'), or were diagnosed with BED/SBED at both times ('maintainers'). Higher baseline BIS/BAS reward responsivity scores were related to the greater likelihood of belonging to the maintainer group relative to the control and remitter groups (ORs1.12-1.19). Regarding covariates, higher baseline body mass index percentile and internalizing symptoms were related to the greater likelihood of BED development, remittance, and maintenance compared to the control group (ORs=1.04-1.14); no variables were uniquely related to BED development. Exploratory analyses showed that the likelihood of belonging to the maintainer group compared to the control group was greatest at higher levels of negative urgency in combination with high reward responsivity. Heightened reward responsivity may convey risk for poorer BED course in children, while emotional disorder symptomatology may act as a more general risk and maintenance factor for BED.

Negative Urgency, (Lack of) Premeditation, and Sensation Seeking: Indirect Relationships with Suicidal Ideation through Thwarted Interpersonal Needs

Objective Differences in how impulsivity is conceptualized, along with a myopic focus on impulsivity’s relationship with historical suicidal behaviors, have resulted in limited implications made from prior research regarding impulsivity and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The current study investigated the indirect effect facets of impulsivity may have on suicidal ideation, specifically, through thwarted interpersonal needs. Methods Participants were N = 424 undergraduate students who completed a cross-sectional survey. Participants completed the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS), the Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ), and the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ). Parallel mediation models were run to examine the relation between facets of impulsivity, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation. Results Thwarted belonginess and perceived burdensomeness significantly accounted for the variance in the relation between negative urgency and suicidal ideation. Neither thwarted belongingness nor perceived burdensomeness significantly explained variance in the relation between (lack of) premeditation and suicidal ideation. Conversely, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonginess significantly explained the inverse relation between sensation seeking and suicidal ideation (i.e., greater sensation seeking was related to lower perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness and in turn lower suicidal ideation). Conclusion Negative urgency, in particular, is related to suicidal ideation through thwarted interpersonal needs. Future research should continue to differentiate between various types of impulsivity and its relationship with both suicidal ideation and behaviors utilizing both cross-sectional and ambulatory assessments of these constructs. HIGHLIGHTS Negative urgency is related to suicidal ideation. Negative urgency is related to thwarted interpersonal needs. Thwarted interpersonal needs partially explain the relation between negative urgency and suicidal ideation.

Differential effects of UPPS-P impulsivity on subjective alcohol response and craving: An experimental test of acquired preparedness.

Recent studies have extended the acquired preparedness model to experimental data, finding that impulsivity predicts subjective alcohol response, a related yet distinct construct from expectancies. However, studies have not tested whether specific facets of impulsivity predict subjective response, or whether impulsivity indirectly predicts alcohol craving through subjective response. Young adults who reported past-month binge drinking (N = 448) participated in a placebo-controlled alcohol administration study. Mediation models tested whether UPPS-P impulsivity facets indirectly predicted alcohol craving through subjective response on the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol content (BAC). High arousal positive (e.g., sociable), low arousal positive (e.g., relaxed), high arousal negative (e.g., rude), and low arousal negative (e.g., dizzy) subjective effects were measured across limbs. Moderation by beverage condition was not detected, so models were collapsed across beverage condition. Sensation seeking indirectly predicted craving through high arousal positive subjective response on both limbs, whereas positive and negative urgency directly predicted craving. When controlling for baseline subjective response and craving, effects of sensation seeking and negative urgency on subjective response and craving became nonsignificant. The effects of positive urgency on craving remained, and an effect of positive urgency on high arousal positive effects emerged on the ascending limb. Findings suggest that relations among impulsivity, subjective response, and craving are contingent upon the specific facet of impulsivity. Interventions targeting predrink cue exposure and/or positive emotionality may be most effective for sensation seekers, whereas targeting subjective response and/or expectancies may be most efficacious for individuals high in positive urgency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).