Face Recognition Rate Research Articles

Detecting Fake Faces In Smart Cities Security Surveillance Using Image Recognition And Convolutional Neural Networks

Smart cities are planned to have millions of Internet-connected sensors and devices. Sensors can create a huge amount of data in a range of applications. In modern urban environments, quality of life in a Smart City is heavily dependent on the safety of its residents. For a long time, public safety has been a major source of anxiety. For everyone, stopping a breach of private space security has become a priority. Traditional security systems raise an alarm whenever they detect a breach of safety. It is possible to find a breach of an advanced model by using image processing and a deep analysis of convolutional neural networks to classify images. Because of the ability to reduce complicated aspects from photographs using exact algorithms for facial and body detection. The results of specific machine learning, such as deep learning techniques are outstanding. The processing time of the proposed system is reduced, and true rate of face recognition is 72.7% under varying distance from 2m to 5m.This paper aims to show that when used together the security sector, the two can achieve more than might have been previously assumed models.

Two-stage method based on triplet margin loss for pig face recognition

• The design strategy of the two-stage model guarantees the premise of non-contact pig face recognition and increases the true positive rate of pig face recognition. • The transfer learning method is used in the pig face detector to improve the accuracy of pig face detection. • The triplet margin loss function for person re-identification is applied to pig face recognition to ensure the accuracy of the model while reducing the amount of model parameters. In recent years, as the scale of breeding farms has become increasingly larger, to improve animal welfare and increase farm output, an increasing number of farms have proposed the idea of precision feeding for individual animals. Therefore, how to accurately identify a single animal individually and provide a targeted breeding program for it has become the focus. We have designed and evaluated a lightweight pig face recognition model based on a deep convolutional neural network algorithm, which can achieve a high pig face recognition rate in complex environments. This is a two-stage convolutional neural network model. The first stage is responsible for pig face detection. Based on the EfficientDet-D0 model, we show an improved average precision for pig face detection from 90.7% to 99.1% by employing a dataset sampling technique. The second stage is responsible for pig face classification, using six classification models, including ResNet-18, ResNet-34, DenseNet-121, Inception-v3, AlexNet, and VGGNet-19, as the backbone and proposes an improved method based on the triplet margin loss function. To strengthen the network performance, the multitask learning method enables the network to effectively cluster the features of the feature extractor layer. Then, the k-nearest neighbor algorithm is used to replace the fully connected layer with a large number of parameters to classify the features. These improved models have a maximum classification accuracy of 96.8% for 28 pigs. The parameters of these improved models are reduced to 4.32% of the original at most. Finally, the two-stage model including EfficientDet-d0 and DenseNet 121 has a mean average precision value of 91.35% for face recognition of 28 pigs. Compared with the EfficientDet-d0 network trained by the one-stage method, the mean average precision value is improved by 28%. In addition, we reorganized the original dataset and performed 10-fold cross-validation, and the mAP value was 94.04%.

A FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION METHOD USING LOCAL NONLINEAR FEATURES

The purposes are to recognize the facial expression information and establish a fast and accurate facial expression recognition algorithm. First, the noise caused by face image shooting is eliminated by analyzing the primary methods of face recognition and preprocessing the images. Then, the Nonlinear Support Vector Machine (NSVM) is combined with the decision tree to obtain the Nonlinear Support Vector Machine Decision Tree (NSMMD) algorithm. By introducing the binary tree, NSVM has the ability of multi-classification and can extract the feature information of the face image to obtain the characteristic face. Then, the algorithm flow is introduced. Second, the characteristic face data are recognized and classified based on Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN), and the expression data contained in the face images are obtained to recognize the expressions of the face image. Finally, the designed face recognition algorithm and facial expression recognition algorithm are tested. The results show that the designed NSMMD algorithm has a weak dependence on feature dimension, and the face recognition rate for different datasets is above 80.1%. The GRNN algorithm will be affected by smooth parameters, its optimal parameter value is 0.1, and its recognition rate of expressions on various databases is above 92%. Therefore, the designed face recognition algorithm and facial expression recognition algorithm can provide sound recognition effects, which can reference the study of facial image feature recognition.

Research on Face Intelligent Perception Technology Integrating Deep Learning under Different Illumination Intensities

Aiming at the problem of face recognition under different illumination intensities combined with deep learning algorithm, this research designs a new loss function, i-center loss function and integrates the structure of migration learning algorithm on the basis of LeNets++ deep learning network. The face image data set labled faces in the wild with different illumination intensities and the image data set of supermarket monitoring system are used to train and test the improved LeNets++ deep learning network based on softmax, center and i-center loss function, and a variety of common image recognition networks. The calculation results show that although the amount of data required for the training of LeNets++ deep learning network is much larger than other networks selected in the study, when the loss function is changed to i-center, the accuracy of face image recognition under different light intensities is significantly improved, reaching 99.65%. In the supermarket data set, the maximum face recognition rate of the algorithm using i-center loss function is 99.07%, which is 0.21% and 0.6% higher than that of using center softmax and softmax loss function, respectively. Therefore, experiments show that the improved deep learning neural network based on i-center loss function can improve the effect of face recognition under different illumination intensities.

Cross-Spectrum Thermal Face Pattern Generator

Conversion of a visible face image into a thermal face image (V2T), or one thermal face image into another one given a different target temperature (T2T), is required in applications such as thermography, human body thermal pattern analysis, and surveillance using cross-spectral imaging. In this work, we propose to use conditional generative adversarial networks (cGAN) with cGAN loss, perceptual loss, and temperature loss to solve the conversion tasks. In our experiment, we used Carl and SpeakingFaces Databases. Frèchet Inception Distance (FID) is used to evaluate the generated images. As well, face recognition was applied to assess the performance of our models. For the V2T task, the FID of the generated thermal images reached a low value of 57.3. For the T2T task, we achieved a rank-1 face recognition rate of 91.0% which indicates that the generated thermal images preserve the majority of the identity information.

Illumination Analysis of Deep Face Recognition

Illumination variation significantly affects the performance of face recognition algorithms. However, it is difficult to construct a database that meets the demand of illumination analysis with current face image database construction technology. The influence of illumination variation on deep face recognition based on 3D face models is investigated. First a new method is presented to produce face images under arbitrary illuminations by using a 3D face model based on face basis image representation theory proposed. Then the database used for illumination analysis is constructed. Afterwards, an optimal way is explored to select illuminations used for constructing a high quality face image database by analyzing the impacts of different illumination sampling strategies on the performances of face recognition models. With the advantage of accurate illumination labeling of virtual data, the performances of different illumination labeling methods on the training of face recognition network are tested on a multi-task learning framework. Through experiments on the effects of different lighting sampling schemes and labeling methods on the performances of face recognition models carried out on virtual data and real data, it is concluded that using an appropriate amount of lightings of basis images to build a database is an effective lighting sampling scheme, and accurate lighting annotation can help further improve the face recognition rate, the corresponding recognition models have face recognition accuracy rates of more than 98% on virtual and real monitoring datasets which contain face images captured under very challenging lighting conditions. Proposed work improve the performance of deep face recognition models, and facilitate the construction of high quality face image databases with various illuminations.

A Novel Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Approach Based on Adversarial Neural Network.

The presence of fake pictures affects the reliability of visible face images under specific circumstances. This paper presents a novel adversarial neural network designed named as the FTSGAN for infrared and visible image fusion and we utilize FTSGAN model to fuse the face image features of infrared and visible image to improve the effect of face recognition. In FTSGAN model design, the Frobenius norm (F), total variation norm (TV), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) are employed. The F and TV are used to limit the gray level and the gradient of the image, while the SSIM is used to limit the image structure. The FTSGAN fuses infrared and visible face images that contains bio-information for heterogeneous face recognition tasks. Experiments based on the FTSGAN using hundreds of face images demonstrate its excellent performance. The principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discrimination analysis (LDA) are involved in face recognition. The face recognition performance after fusion improved by 1.9% compared to that before fusion, and the final face recognition rate was 94.4%. This proposed method has better quality, faster rate, and is more robust than the methods that only use visible images for face recognition.

High-Capacity Real-Time Face Retrieval Recognition Algorithm Based on Task Scheduling Model for the Treatment Area of Hospital

This paper presents an in-depth study of face detection, face feature extraction, and face classification from three important components of a high-capacity face recognition system for the treatment area of hospital and a study of a high-capacity real-time face retrieval and recognition algorithm for the treatment area of hospital based on a task scheduling model. Considering the real-time nature of our system, our face feature extraction network is modeled by DeepID, and the network is slightly improved by introducing a central loss verification signal to train a DeepID-like network model using central loss and use it to extract face features. To further investigate and optimize the schedulability analysis problem of the directed graph real-time task model, this paper proposes a rigorous and approximate response time analysis method for the directed graph real-time task model with an arbitrary time frame. Based on the theoretical results of the greatly additive algebra, it is shown that the coherent qualifying function is linearly periodic, i.e., the function can be represented by a finite nonperiodic part and an infinitely repeated periodic part, thus calculating the coherent qualifying function independent of the magnitude of the interval time. The algorithm for high-capacity real-time face retrieval and recognition in the treatment area of hospital based on the task scheduling model is further investigated, and a face database is established by using the PCA dimensionality reduction technique. Based on the internal architecture of the processor, image preprocessing and IP core packaging are implemented, and the hardware engineering of the high-capacity real-time face recognition system for hospital visits is built using the IP-based design concept. The performance tests of the face detection model and feature extraction network show that the face detection model has a significant reduction in false-positive rate, better fitting of border regression, and improved time performance. The face feature extraction network has no overfitting, and the features are highly discriminative with small feature extraction time consumption. The high-capacity real-time face recognition system for the treatment area of hospital combined with the optimized directed graph task scheduling model can approach 25 fps, which meets the real-time requirements, and the face recognition rate surpasses that of real people. It realizes the intelligence, self-help, and autonomy of medical services and satisfies the medical needs of users in all aspects.

Research on Face Recognition Sports Intelligence Training Platform Based on Artificial Intelligence

With the application of artificial intelligence in many social fields, the research of human behavior recognition and non-contact detection of human physiological parameters based on face recognition and other technologies has developed rapidly, and the application of artificial intelligence in culture, sports and entertainment has also begun to rise. How to apply the existing mature technology to the sports intelligence training system taking table tennis as an example is a hot issue worthy of study. In this paper, a comprehensive intelligent table tennis training system and platform based on Convolutional Neural Network face recognition and face heart rate detection is designed, which is mainly used to solve the philosophical training problem in table tennis. In the system place, an identification cameras is set at the entrance of table tennis training places, which is used for table tennis players’ sign-in and training table number allocation, and an intelligent analysis cameras is set above each intelligent training table, which is used for detecting the face and heart rate of table tennis players. Each intelligent training platform consists of intelligent voice control unit, server, camera, industrial control computer, monitor and other terminal modules. The member data center constitutes the platform of intelligent table tennis training system.

Bias, awareness, and ignorance in deep-learning-based face recognition

Face Recognition (FR) is increasingly influencing our lives: we use it to unlock our phones; police uses it to identify suspects. Two main concerns are associated with this increase in facial recognition: (1) the fact that these systems are typically less accurate for marginalized groups, which can be described as “bias”, and (2) the increased surveillance through these systems. Our paper is concerned with the first issue. Specifically, we explore an intuitive technique for reducing this bias, namely “blinding” models to sensitive features, such as gender or race, and show why this cannot be equated with reducing bias. Even when not designed for this task, facial recognition models can deduce sensitive features, such as gender or race, from pictures of faces—simply because they are trained to determine the “similarity” of pictures. This means that people with similar skin tones, similar hair length, etc. will be seen as similar by facial recognition models. When confronted with biased decision-making by humans, one approach taken in job application screening is to “blind” the human decision-makers to sensitive attributes such as gender and race by not showing pictures of the applicants. Based on a similar idea, one might think that if facial recognition models were less aware of these sensitive features, the difference in accuracy between groups would decrease. We evaluate this assumption—which has already penetrated into the scientific literature as a valid de-biasing method—by measuring how “aware” models are of sensitive features and correlating this with differences in accuracy. In particular, we blind pre-trained models to make them less aware of sensitive attributes. We find that awareness and accuracy do not positively correlate, i.e., that biasneawareness. In fact, blinding barely affects accuracy in our experiments. The seemingly simple solution of decreasing bias in facial recognition rates by reducing awareness of sensitive features does thus not work in practice: trying to ignore sensitive attributes is not a viable concept for less biased FR.

Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Design of Smart Products

Artificial intelligence technology promotes technological progress. This research mainly discusses the application of artificial intelligence technology in home robots in the design of smart products. In order to let users know more quickly and more clearly where security problems or hidden dangers have occurred, the emojis are designed together with related icons. While generating the voice, the system also calls the method in animation to switch the specified screen. Before that, the specified time value will be set for the refresh frequency, so that the screen is clear and visible, and conforms to the normal facial movement habits. In addition, during speech synthesis and broadcasting, Android’s Toast method is called to show the progress of synthesis information and the progress of broadcasting, which fully reflects the intelligence and interactivity of the system. During the functional test, the normal average continuous use time of the face recognition alarm system was 45 minutes, and the correct rate of face recognition on the computer screen reached about 81.2%. This research contributes to the further development of smart homes.

Universal Face Recognition Using Multiple Deep Learning Agent and Lazy Learning Algorithm

Mainstream face recognition systems have a problem regarding the disparity of recognizing faces from different races and ethnic backgrounds. This problem is caused by the imbalances in the proportion of racial representations found in mainstream datasets. Hence, the research proposes using a multi-agent system to overcome this problem. The system employs several face recognition agents according to the number of races that are necessary to make data encodings for the classification process. The first step in implementing this system is to develop a race classifier. The number of races is arbitrary or determined differently in a caseby-case scenario. The race classifier determines which face recognition agent will try to recognize the face in the query. Each face recognition agent is trained using a different dataset according to their assigned race, so they have different parts in the system. The research utilizes lazy learning algorithms as the final classifier to accommodate a system with the constant data flow of the database. The experiment divides the data into three racial groups, which are black, Asian, and white. The experiment concludes that dividing face recognition tasks based on racial groups into several face recognition models has better performance than a single model with the same dataset with the same imbalances in racial representation. The multiple agent system achieves 85% on the Face Recognition Rate (FRR), while the single pipeline model achieves only 80.83% using the same dataset.

Intricate Face Recognition Based On Virtual Sample Generation

This paper mainly focuses on the problem of low recognition rate and making deep hidden features unable to learn caused by the lack of training samples in intricate facial recognition, a method of virtual image sample generation is proposed. The starGAN network based on style migration is used to generate the image that does not exist in the original database, and multiple images with different facial attributes are added to a single sample, combine the obtained virtual samples with the original database to build a larger face database for face recognition. Experiments on the CelebA face database show that the proposed method can effectively improve the face recognition rate in complex situations.

Collective memory for American leaders: Measuring recognition for the names and faces of the US presidents

Collective memory studies show that Americans remember their presidents in a predictable pattern, which can be described as a serial position curve with an additional spike for Abraham Lincoln. However, all prior studies have tested Americans' collective memory for the presidents by their names. How well do Americans know the faces of the presidents? In two experiments, we investigated presidential facial recognition and compared facial recognition to name recognition. In Experiment 1, an online sample judged whether each of the official portraits of the US presidents and similar portraits of nonpresidents depicted a US president. The facial recognition rate (around 60%) was lower than the name recognition rate in past research (88%), but the overall pattern still fit a serial position curve. Some nonpresidents, such as Alexander Hamilton, were still falsely identified as presidents at high rates. In Experiment 2, a college sample completed a recognition task composed of both faces and names to directly compare the recognition rates. As predicted, subjects recognized the names of the presidents more frequently than the faces. Some presidents were frequently identified by their names but not by their faces (e.g. John Quincy Adams), while others were the opposite (e.g. Calvin Coolidge). Together, our studies show that Americans' memory for the faces of the presidents is somewhat worse than their memory for the names of the presidents but still follows the same pattern, indicating that collective memories contain more than just verbal information.

Masked Face Recognition Algorithm for a Contactless Distribution Cabinet

A contactless delivery cabinet is an important courier self-pickup device, for the reason that COVID-19 can be transmitted by human contact. During the pandemic period of COVID-19, wearing a mask to take delivery is a common application scenario, which makes the study of masked face recognition algorithm greatly significant. A masked face recognition algorithm based on attention mechanism is proposed in this paper in order to improve the recognition rate of masked face images. First, the masked face image is separated by the local constrained dictionary learning method, and the face image part is separated. Then, the dilated convolution is used to reduce the resolution reduction in the subsampling process. Finally, according to the important feature information of the face image, the attention mechanism neural network is used to reduce the information loss in the subsampling process and improve the face recognition rate. In the experimental part, the RMFRD and SMFRD databases of Wuhan University were selected to compare the recognition rate. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a better recognition rate.

Small data assisting face image illumination normalization

Image transfer based on deep learning methods can achieve good results in face illumination processing. However, data constraints and generalization ability restrict the further development of these methods in this field. In this paper, we propose small data assisting face image illumination normalization. For data constraints, we train the network model on a small number of image pairs. In terms of generalization ability, the proposed normalization network parameters are different for processing different face images. Small data learning can provide prior knowledge, and the reconstruction process can guide detail generation. Therefore, the small data learning network and the reconstruction network are complementary to each other in image generating mode when only a small quantity of data is available. We use this network mode to normalize the illumination and reconstruct the super-resolution of face images. After illumination normalization, super-resolution reconstruction can obtain more precise face information and further improve the face recognition rate. Experiments show that the proposed method has good normalization performance when only 500 face image pairs are used for training.

Face recognition algorithm based on self-adaptive blocking local binary pattern

Face recognition is a common means of identity authentication. Mobile learning platform login technology has developed from user name and password to face recognition. In order to improve effectively the rate of face recognition, this paper proposes a kind of face recognition algorithm based on self-adaptive blocking local binary pattern (LBP) and dual channel convolutional neural network (CNN) with different convolution kernels. Firstly, the Gamma correction, the Mallet wavelet filtering and normalization are used to preprocess the face image. The face image is decomposed and reconstructed by 2-layer Mallet wavelet to filter out the interference signal effectively. Although the general LBP operator extracts the overall texture and contour features of the face image, the distribution of the bright spot, dark spot and other micro details cannot be fully characterized. In order to solve this problem, integral projection is introduced to project the image horizontally and vertically. The extreme points of the projection represent the texture mutation points of the face image in the horizontal and vertical directions. These extreme points are used as the boundary of the image blocking, and the LBP value of the face image is extracted by the self-adaptive blocking strategy. Combining the features of k-nearest neighbor classifier and softmax, a k-softmax classification method is proposed to classify and recognize the face image labels. After two channel network structure training, this method is tested on Yale, ORL, extended Yale B and self-built face databases by five experiments, comparing with other face recognition algorithms. The results show that the proposed method based on SAB-LBP and dual channel CNN has high recognition rate and computational efficiency.

Face and age recognition using three-dimensional discrete wavelet transform and rotational local binary pattern with radial basis function support vector machine method

Interest in facial recognition hypotheses and algorithms has grown steadily over the last few decades. Video monitoring, criminal identification, building access control, and unmanned and autonomous vehicles are only a few examples of concrete applications that are becoming increasingly attractive to industry. Various techniques are being developed, including local, holistic, and hybrid approaches, which use only a few face image characteristics or the entire facial features to provide a face image description. Many methods have good results, if there are sufficiently representative training samples per person, in the face recognition system. Facial part finding and extraction show the utmost vital role in face and age recognition. In this research work a new algorithm is proposed for Face and Age Recognition (FAR) by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Radial Basis Function Support Vector Machine (RBF-SVM) classifier, and Rotational Local Binary Pattern (RLBP). RLBP is utilized for the selection and extraction of features from the face image. In this algorithm, extract the face component like Nose, Mouth, Left and Right eye. In the preprocessing stage median filter is used to remove noises from the face image. By using this, there is an improvement in the feature extraction procedure. In pattern recognition, a basic errand is finding a picture from the picture parts. For the implementation of results FG-NET ((Face and Gesture Recognition Network) and AT&T datasets are used. The detection rate of face recognition has reached up to 92–98% and the detection rate for age recognition is 87%. The proposed algorithm is compared with SVM shows better over previous algorithms and also estimate the value of accuracy.

Face Recognition Based on Haar Like and Euclidean Distance

In order to improve the recognition rate of multi-face image, this paper proposes a face image recognition method based on haar-like and Euclidean distance. First of all, the initial features of Haar are moved in the image and gradually enlarged, the pixel sum of the feature area is obtained quickly by using the integral graph. The Haar feature is obtained by calculating the difference between black and white pixels in the feature region, and the threshold of weak classifier is calculated. Then, the extracted facial feature data is trained and classified to form a cascade classifier for face detection. Finally, the face of the image to be detected is compared with the training samples by using Euclidean distance. The experimental results show that the time of one attendance is 5-10 seconds and the success rate of face recognition is 91.1%, which verifies the advantage of the algorithm in improving the efficiency of attendance.

Advanced variations of two-dimensional principal component analysis for face recognition

The two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) has been one of the basic methods of developing artificial intelligent algorithms. To increase the feasibility, we propose a new general ridge regression model for 2DPCA and variations, with extracting low dimensional features under two projection subspaces. A new relaxed 2DPCA under the quaternion framework is proposed to utilize the label (if known) and color information to compute the essential features of generalization ability with optimization algorithms. The 2DPCA-based approaches for face recognition are also improved by weighting each principle component a scatter measure, which increases efficiently the rate of face recognition. In numerical experiments on well-known standard databases, the R2DPCA approach has high generalization ability and achieves a higher recognition rate than the state-of-the-art 2DPCA-like methods, and has better performance than the basic deep learning methods such as CNNs, DBNs, and DNNs in the small-sample case.