Face Of Violence Research Articles

Strangled Women: Popular Culture, ‘Conservative Modernity’ and Erotic Violence in Britain, c.1890–1950

ABSTRACT This article analyses popular novels and films in early-mid twentieth-century Britain. It argues that strangled women were increasingly depicted in violent narratives of adventure and domination by a male lover. The mass female audience for these erotic fictions demonstrates the psychic realm of escapism embedded within Alison Light’s paradigmatic framework of ‘conservative modernity’. During the interwar period, an erotic imaginary of sexual violence emerged that glamourised non-fatal manual strangulation as a transgressive form of courtship. This built on a late-Victorian cultural script of the ‘monstrous stranger’ that persisted into the twentieth century. Strangled women were commodified and normalised as mass entertainment by the 1940s, becoming the acceptable face of sexual violence.

THE NEOCONSERVATIVE/NEOLIBERAL INTERSECTION IN BRAZILIAN EDUCATION AND ITS INTERFACES FOR THE INCREASE OF LGBTQIA+PHOBIA

This article analyzes the intersection between neoconservatism, neoliberalism, and the oppression of sexual and gender diversity in contemporary society. In a scenario marked by growing conservatism that seeks to restore a traditional social "order," LGBTQIA+ identities face marginalization and violence due to the glorification of an idealized past and the imposition of normative standards. The influence of religious groups and neoconservative movements has restricted discussions about diversity in schools, which should promote a critical and inclusive environment. The research, based on bibliographic data and developed as part of a master's dissertation, investigates how these ideologies impact education and perpetuate the exclusion of sexual diversity issues. The naturalization of exclusionary norms and the perpetuation of the coloniality of knowledge reinforce a hegemonic vision, silencing dissenting voices. The conclusion is that, in order to build a more just society, active engagement in combating LGBTQIA+phobia, racism, and sexism is crucial, respecting the right to freedom and expression of all individuals. Overcoming conservatism and neoliberalism, through critical and politically engaged education, is a vital step towards tackling LGBTQIA+phobia in Brazilian schools, promoting a space where all identities can coexist and be respected.

Legislating Virginity: The Law and Ethics of Hymenoplasty and Virginity Testing

According to Merriam Webster, the definition of a ‘virgin’ is someone who has never participated in sexual intercourse. This definition revolves around heterosexual relationships and the assumption that the intercourse will involve a person with a penis and another with a vagina. However, what one considers sexual intercourse can vary from person to person (for example, whether oral sex is included) and the definition incurs greater difficulty when linked to anatomy, specifically the hymen. The hymen is a thin membrane of skin near the opening of the vagina, which consists of leftover fragments of tissue formed during foetal development, found only in female mammals. The presence of the hymen still holds significant importance in most religions as it is believed to determine a woman’s ‘purity’ and ability to marry, an essential factor for their position within their community, due to the commodification of female virginity. Consequently, women often face violence when they are accused of not being a virgin, or are found to have a hymen which is not intact. Due to the gender binary being imposed by the concept of virginity, this essay assumes that most people with hymens identify as women, whilst still acknowledging that trans*, non-binary and intersex people can also share this anatomical feature. This essay will discuss the cultural practices that encourage virginity testing and hymenoplasty, followed by an analysis of potential harm-reduction solutions with reference to the historical and religious background which places virginity as a gendered concept. Whether the measures put in place by the Health and Care Act 2022 are sufficient in preventing the violence against women which stems from practices surrounding virginity will be discussed in the context of the practical realities of virginity testing. This idea will be explored within the framework of the UK’s legal system with reference to other European jurisdictions for context.

An international relations discipline for tempestuous times

ABSTRACT In the face of tremendous violence and multiple crises, we are reminded that ours should not only be a discipline that examines crises, but also one that actively contributes to their resolution. What does IR as a discipline owe—or what must we give—to the pressing concerns of our times? What do we, in IR, owe to each other as a scholarly community or professional class? This essay argues for a reinterrogation of our discipline’s relationship with ‘crisis’ as subject matter, method and motivation. It also makes a case for paying greater attention to our obligations to society and to one another as public intellectuals in need of collective methods to think across political and disciplinary divides.

Queer Resilience: Reviving Indigenous-Pacific Perspectives and Practices

In the face of ongoing discrimination, stigma, ostracism, and violence, Pacific Islanders of Diverse Sexual Orientations, Gender Identities, Intersex Expressions, and Sex Characteristics (PIDSOGIESC+) display a marked resilience. And yet, this resilience does not come lightly, nor is it cheap. This research draws on a mixed-methods data set to explore the complicated notion of resilience among PIDSOGIESC+ communities. Through engaging in rich talanoas, along with a wide-reaching survey, a nuanced picture emerges of communities that draw on a range of indigenous cultural perspectives across the Tropical Pacific to develop creative strategies for engaging meaningfully with the world around them. Highlighting a strengths-based approach to research and service delivery, we explore the unique skillset of the PIDSOGIESC+ community, the changes they have won, and the vision of a more inclusive society they are fighting for.

Protective and Promotive Factors in Migrant and Refugee Children Facing Violence: A Systematic Review.

Migrant and refugee children are at risk of experiencing various forms of violence before, during, or after migration. This study systematically identifies, reviews, and synthesizes evidence on protective and promotive factors that contribute to the resilience of migrant and refugee children facing violence. Of the 3,663 articles identified through search in five electronic databases and snowball technique, 31 quantitative or qualitative research studies met the inclusion criteria. To be included in the review, studies had to (1) have been published after 2013; (2) have been published in English; (3) include migrant or refugee children and/or adolescents aged 18 or below at the time of interview or migration; (4) mention some types of maltreatment, peer violence, or community violence faced by the children or adolescents; (5) examine the association between the hypothesized protective or promotive factors and indicators of adaptive functioning; and (6) include outcome measures that assessed adaptive functioning such as well-being or absence or low-levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Quality assessment did not lead to the exclusion of any studies. Five levels of protective and promotive factors were identified: individual, family, school and peers, community, and spatial dimension, which converged to highlight the importance of regulatory, interpersonal, and meaning-making strengths for these children. Understanding and addressing these protective and promotive factors is crucial for promoting well-being and improving mental health outcomes in migrant and refugee children facing violence. The findings of this review have significant implications for designing intervention programs and public policies that support these children effectively.

Laughing at the state: state violence and satirical acts of citizenship in the Afro-Brazilian diaspora

This article explores acts of humour that enact citizens as political subjects in the face of state violence and practices of controlled incorporation of racialised Afro-Brazilian others. To do this I analyse hitherto unstudied material from the online memes that followed the forced disappearance of Mr Amarildo de Souza by the ‘pacifying’ police in Rio de Janeiro. Doing this I show how multi-modal online memes that take an ironic stance towards state-violence can be understood as enacting a radical equality which subverts the state-sanctioned racialised and gendered distribution of unequal functions and places that serves to ‘pacify’ threatening racialised others. Thus, I argue that the act of joking is an act of citizenship because it presupposes equality while enacting an incongruity between this equality and the reality of racist state violence, and its ostensible purpose of ‘saving’ racialised victims. In this way ironic memes can provide an important contribution to theory of citizenship, which hitherto has not involved the study of humour as a political act. Thus, if the political nature of humour involves incongruity between conceptualisation and experience, abstract and sensory/objective, sanctity and profanity, dignity and baseness, acts that ironically enact these incongruities as existing in and between state-discourse and practice are deeply political acts and need to be studied as such.

Sociopolitical, clinical, and ethical challenges of sustainable fracture care in Haiti.

In low- and middle-income countries such as Haiti, musculoskeletal injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Untreated injuries can contribute to decreased mobility, leading to disability and reduced productivity for individuals. The accessibility of timely fracture care poses a substantial challenge in Haiti, where socioeconomic instability and recent surges in gang violence exacerbate an already strained healthcare infrastructure. This manuscript delves into the intricate barriers to sustainable fracture care in Haiti, shedding light on the sociopolitical landscape and clinical challenges that influence the delivery of orthopedic services. The ethical considerations in providing fracture care in Haiti are multifaceted, including classic medical principles, self-preservation in the face of violence, issues of justice in resource and service allocation, and concerns of nonmaleficence in the context of international volunteers. These ethical dilemmas arise from the complex interplay of limited resources, the dangers posed by the current sociopolitical climate, and the involvement of international aid in a vulnerable healthcare system. To address the clinical and ethical conflicts of providing fracture care in Haiti, solutions include education and training of Haitian orthopedic surgeons, capacity building of healthcare facilities, and establishing ethical standards for international volunteers. This comprehensive approach is vital for advancing sustainable fracture care in Haiti and other resource-limited settings.

Present Bodies. Emancipated Voices

This video essay is the result of a co-creation process carried out for six months with vulnerable teenagers who participated in a film workshop informed by a communitarian feminist epistemology in Toro, Colombia. Our aim, as co-creators of this process, is to collectivize the potencies of an emancipatory thought through images, sounds, and words in the face of gender-based violence that continues to take place in Latin America, particularly in the small city of Toro (a marginalized town witness to the violence resulting from drug trafficking). We also aim to affirm academic filmmaking as a propitious space for the consolidation of a material thought that relocates the body to the center of its motivations and movements. Our ambition has been to affirm academic filmmaking as a gesture of social justice, as well as a way of revitalizing and decolonizing the university.

The Body as a Battlefield: A Feminist Interpretation of Mulan as a Source of Theology in the Face of Gender-Based Violence

This study delves into the intricate interplay between cinema, theology, and gender-based violence through a feminist lens. It centers on the film Mulan as a unique source of theological reflection in addressing cases of gender-based violence. The title, “The Body as a Battlefield,” encapsulates the core theme of this research, emphasizing the body as a contested terrain where power dynamics and societal norms converge. Through a meticulous feminist interpretation of the film, we explore how Mulan’s narrative challenges traditional gender roles, illuminates the resilience of the female body, and offers a fresh perspective on theological discourse. By bridging the realms of film analysis, feminist theology, and social justice, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how popular culture can serve as a resource for theological engagement in the pursuit of gender equality and the eradication of gender-based violence.

With my last breath: a psychoanalytic theory of the respiratory drive and speech as a trauma-object in the face of state violence

With my last breath: a psychoanalytic theory of the respiratory drive and speech as a trauma-object in the face of state violence

“We just ignored them.” Adaptation strategies used by emergency department personnel in the face of workplace violence: A qualitative study

BackgroundWorkplace violence (WPV) can have adverse psychological, physical, and emotional effects on emergency department (ED) personnel. Adaptive strategies can help them better adapt to WPV. The study aimed to explore ED personnel’s experiences with adaptive strategies used in the face of WPV. MethodsIn this qualitative study, 22 ED personnel (nurses, doctors, services patient care assistants, and security guards) were selected using purposive sampling from Urmia city hospitals. Deep semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. After recording and implementing interviews, conventional content analysis was used to extract concepts. ResultsData analysis led to extracting an overarching theme of “mastering the situation and avoiding harm.” Two categories that supported the main theme were: “effort to avoid violence” and “effort to escape suffering.” The seven subcategories supported main categories included “managing patients and companions, ”self-control,“ ”seeking support, “emotional discharge,” “thought diversion, ”tendency to spirituality,“ and ”seeking medical assistance.“ ConclusionGiven the experiences of ED personnel regarding strategies used, health managers and policymakers are recommended to develop and implement comprehensive programs to reduce violence and empower nurses before and after dealing with violence. The following programs will help: developing and implementing guidelines such as zero-tolerance WPV policy, criminalizing violence against personnel and punishing perpetrators; holding classes related to communication skills, self-control skills, and deviant thinking skills for ED personnel; raising public awareness of the prevailing conditions in the emergency through mass media, and counseling and treating violent ED personnel.

Conducting Community Led Research on Women Facing Violence as One Herself: An Interview with Suyheang Kry of Women Peace Makers

This interview is a reflexive exchange with Suyheang Kry, Executive Director of Women Peace Makers, a local non-governmental organization in Cambodia working at the intersection of gender equality and peacebuilding. A leader and experienced practitioner of feminist and conflict transformation programming, she has pioneered various novel efforts, including interventional community research, in responding to social justice and conflict issues in Cambodia and throughout the region. Having worked with the interviewer (Hyma) for a decade, the two co-developed a community engaged research approach known as Facilitative Listening Design to engage communities in inquiry as leaders and to ultimately contribute toward paradigmatically shifting who is consequently considered the researcher in more participatory research.

'Here we Punish, Here we Discipline': Forced Displacement, Silencing and the Multiple Faces of Violence in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique

Forced displacement and silencing are inextricably bound for communities who have experienced different forms of violence in different contexts. This article explores the narratives about the war that began on 5 October 2017 in the district of Mocímboa da Praia, on the coast of the province of Cabo Delgado, northern Mozambique, by a group of radical guerrillas locally known as mashababe. Since then, from isolated attacks on remote villages, violence has spread to more districts in the region, with kidnappings of civilians, looting of barns and houses, thus imposing the forced displacement of hundreds of thousands of people in addition to an inestimable number of dead and missing people. This article combines the history and ethnographic work carried out between 2018 and 2021 with the homeless populations from conflict regions and hosted in the 'Nacaca Displaced Persons Camp' (Campo de Deslocados de Nacaca), built in the district of Montepuez, south of Cabo Delgado, a region previously considered safe. The aim of this paper is to analyse how the multiple faces of traumatic violence (physical, psychological and symbolic) are processed in which war victims are continually exposed through silencing imposed by different actors who frequent their new places of refuge.

Intimate partner violence survivors' reported experiences of discrimination in mental health treatment settings.

Research indicates that survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face substantial stigma and discrimination, with varying impacts based on demographic factors such as race and income. This study explored perceived discrimination among 88 IPV survivors across different racial backgrounds and income levels in mental health settings. Participants completed a mixed-method electronic survey assessing discrimination experiences related to survivor status, income, and race within mental health treatment. Results revealed high levels of perceived discrimination based on survivor status among both racially minoritized and majoritized survivors. However, racially minoritized survivors reported greater racial discrimination and associated stress within mental healthcare settings. Regardless of income level, all survivors reported significant discrimination experiences. Qualitative analysis highlighted factors perceived as helpful or unhelpful within mental health settings. This study underscores the need for further research on socioeconomic influences on stigma experiences among IPV survivors and suggests implications for provider training to better support survivors, especially those from diverse racial backgrounds.

Fouad Chehab and the Soft Power post-1958 Crisis in Comparison to the Latest Crisis: Lessons Learned in Facing Violence

This paper focuses on the approaches that former Lebanese President of the Republic Fouad Chehab (1958-1964) followed to face and overcome the crisis and the violence that took place in the summer of 1958 against the constitutional amendment that would have allowed the outgoing President Camille Chamoun (1952-1958) a second term of office. It also explains Chehab’s priority in restoring Lebanese unity and stability based on the National Pact of 1943 aiming at ensuring a peaceful, prosperous, and dignified Lebanese existence. It digs into the attempt to secure a better future”, and the recovery from the 1958 crisis including the re-establishment of a spirit of harmony, unity, and cooperation among the different Lebanese communities; all from the perspective of the “soft power” Chehab followed to face the 1958 violent and sectarian crisis. It reflects the past to our current days, especially after 2019 including the tragedy of the Beirut seaport explosion on August 4th, 2020. What lessons can be learned from the Chehabist experience in facing one of Lebanon’s most violent and sectarian crises? What if the same approach was followed in our recent crisis?

The impact of intimate partner violence on PrEP adherence among U.S. Cisgender women at risk for HIV

BackgroundCisgender women account for 1 in 5 new HIV infections in the United States, yet remain under-engaged in HIV prevention. Women experiencing violence face risk for HIV due to biological and behavioral mechanisms, and barriers to prevention, such as challenges to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention (PrEP) adherence. In this analysis, we aim to characterize intimate partner violence (IPV) among cisgender heterosexual women enrolled in a PrEP demonstration project and assess the associations with PrEP adherence.MethodsAdherence Enhancement Guided by Individualized Texting and Drug Levels (AEGiS) was a 48-week single-arm open-label study of PrEP adherence in HIV-negative cisgender women in Southern California (N = 130) offered daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC). From 6/2016 to 10/2018, women completed a survey reporting HIV risk behavior and experiences of any IPV (past 90-days) and IPV sub-types (past-year, lifetime) and biological testing for HIV/STIs at baseline, and concentrations of tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48. Outcomes were TFV-DP concentrations consistent with ≥ 4 or ≥ 6 doses/week at one or multiple visits. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to examine associations.ResultsPast-90-day IPV was reported by 34.4% of participants, and past-year and lifetime subtypes reported by 11.5-41.5%, and 21.5-52.3%, respectively. Women who engaged in sex work and Black women were significantly more likely to report IPV than others. Lifetime physical IPV was negatively associated with adherence at ≥ 4 doses/week at ≥ 3 of 5 visits, while other relationships with any IPV and IPV sub-types were variable.ConclusionIPV is an indication for PrEP and important indicator of HIV risk; our findings suggest that physical IPV may also negatively impact long-term PrEP adherence.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02584140 (ClinicalTrials.gov), registered 15/10/2015.

Community self‐protection, public authority and the safety of strangers in Bor and Ler, South Sudan

AbstractProtection is not simply something done or delivered to people by states, humanitarian organisations and armed peacekeepers. Instead, a growing literature has begun to examine the self‐protection strategies of people and communities in protracted violent crises. Its authors suggest that nuanced understandings of how people retain a measure of agency in the face of violence is an important first step for those seeking to reduce their levels of threat and vulnerability. We use interview data from communities in Bor and Ler, South Sudan, long affected by conflict, to show how attention to the relationship between public authority and the safety of strangers can reveal the skills, resources and conditions under which protection is successfully provided. This also helps to re‐root ‘protection’ in local vernaculars that more closely resemble its everyday use among South Sudanese and offers entry points for humanitarian interventions with more realistic prospects of positive outcomes for communities sceptical of humanitarians' broken promises to protect.

Suicide in LGBTI (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex) Individuals

Although lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people have become more visible in recent years, in many countries, people with different sexual orientations continue to face discrimination, exclusion, labeling, violence, fines, and death penalties. Individuals with different sexual orientations are subjected to homophobic attitudes that are considered not only by society but also by their closest social environment, such as family. Homophobia within the family can lead to a loss of self-confidence, self-esteem and negative situations such as migration and homelessness. In addition to the difficulties they experience, their inability to benefit from health services negatively affects their mental health. Studies show that the rates of suicide among LGBTI people are higher than among heterosexuals due to difficulties and mental problems. In order to reduce the suicide risk of individuals with different sexual orientations, the lack of knowledge of society and healthcare professionals should be eliminated. LGBTI individuals should be supported in the coming out process, and school-family-health worker cooperation should be ensured due to the higher risk of suicide during adolescence. Preventive interventions should be prioritized, and the cultural competencies of healthcare professionals should be gained in order to determine whether individuals who commit suicide were previously receiving psychological support in some of the studies conducted. Training should be organized for health professionals to gain cultural competencies, courses for those with different sexual orientations should be added to the curriculum, and care guidelines should be created. This review aims to address the factors in suicidal behaviors of those with different sexual orientations and the strategies that can be implemented to address these factors. It is thought that this review can be used as a resource for creating training and care guidelines, which are essential factors in gaining future cultural competencies of healthcare professionals.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES FOR VULNERABLE SECTIONS OF THE POPULATION

Family members, parents and caregivers are an important source of protection and emotional support for children. Children separated from their loved ones, during a crisis event, find themselves in an unfamiliar place, surrounded by unfamiliar people. They are often very frightened and unable to correctly assess the risk and dangers around them. Reuniting unaccompanied children, including teenagers, with their loved ones is an important first step. If the children are with their parents, you should try to support the adults in taking care of the children. People who may face discrimination and violence in a crisis situation. This category includes women or members of certain ethnic groups, in relation to whom there is an increased risk of discrimination or violence.Svitlana Roiz explains that during the sound of sirens, the child’s auditory channel of perception is under a special load, so it needs to be «occupied» with something. To do this, you can sing in chorus, shout slogans against Utiputin and the Russian army, listen to audio fairy tales and music with headphones, take a guitar with you and arrange a concert for everyone.In order to provide psychological support to citizens of Ukraine who suffer from the consequences of russia’s armed aggression, the free online psychological help platform «Tell me» works around the clock. The project is implemented with the support of the Office of the President of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health and the Institute of Cognitive Modeling.In addition, the team of the Institute of Cognitive Modeling in cooperation with the Department of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy of the Bogomolets National Medical University and specialists of the «Friend» project developed a psychological first aid bot. The bot also contains recommendations for maintaining psychological health.