Face Interviews Research Articles

IJCM_171A: A community-based study on awareness of organ donation among in Arang block of Raipur district Chhattisgarh.

Background: For many of the end-stage organ diseases, organ transplantation is the most preferred treatment. The need for the organ transplantation is higher than the availability. For the transplantation program to be successful, awareness regarding organ donation is needed and people must have a positive attitude toward donating organs. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding organ donation in Arang block of Raipur district Chhattisgarh. Methodology: Community based cross-sectional study used in this study. Simple random sampling was used to generate a sample of 100 in Arang block of Raipur district. Face to Face interview was conducted based on a semi structured questionnaire in Arang block of Raipur district. Data was taken from MS Excel sheet and analysed. Results: The majority of the study participants belongs to 44.9 year average mean with 15.4 Standard deviation. 65% of respondents were male and 35% were female. The study shows that 64% of respondents studied high school or above. Per capita income of 40% belong to Lower class 5. Majority of respondents have good knowledge and 75% have positive attitude for organ donation. Conclusion: The present study concluded there was good knowledge among the community participants. However, there questionnaire were kept distinct keeping in mind to their level of knowledge. Attitude variable didn’t have much disparity.

Productive Innovation or Disruptive Irritation: An Exploration of Stakeholder Perspective on Remote Work in the Institutes of Higher learning in Zimbabwe (A Case of Midlands State University)

Objective: The major objective of this study was to establish whether remote work was yielding positive results in the Institutions of higher learning. In order to achieve the major objective, the study explored the advantages of remote work and the challenges that are associated with remote work. Furthermore, the study explored some intervention mechanisms that may be can be implemented to support remote work. Method: In order to achieve the research objectives, the study adopted the qualitative study, using a case study design. Convenience sampling methods was adopted to come up with a sample of 45 participants that would be interviewed. Face to face interviews were conducted using semi-structured interviews. Result: After data collection and analysis, the study results showed that remote work enables employee flexibility, employee autonomy, increased employee productivity as well as cost savings. The results of the study also showed that remote work also comes with its own challenges such as isolation, role conflict and technological challenges. Furthermore, the study found that there are some intervention mechanisms that can be employed to support remote working in the institutions of higher learning. The intervention mechanisms include training, technological infrastructure, data access and mental health care. Conclusion: Conclusions from the study indicate that remote work is viable and beneficial at MSU. However, the study also established that remote work has its own challenges. The study concluded that the challenges can be mitigated by some intervention mechanisms.

IJCM_109A: Psychiatric Morbidity And Cognitive Functioning In The Institutionalized Elderly In Old Age Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The elderly is at a higher risk of developing certain psychiatric illnesses and deterioration of their cognitive functioning by virtue of the multidimensional phenomenon of ageing and other psychosocial factors, and this risk has found to only be higher in the institutionalized elderly. Studies in this regard, assessing the mental health of those residing in old age homes in India are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the psychiatric morbidities and cognitive functioning in the elderly who have been institutionalized in old age homes. Methodology: This study is a cross-sectional study, among 150 residents who are over 60 years of age in old age homes in Mangalore. Data is being collected by face to face interviews, using a sociodemographic proforma, Montreal cognitive assessment scale to assess the cognitive functioning and the Mini psychiatric interview to screen for any psychiatric morbidiy. Data will be analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 [IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.], and a p value of Results: 87.30% and 29% of residents were found to have cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity respectively. The majority of those with cognitive impairment were found to have severe cognitive impairment (31.60%). Conclusion: Mood disorders (depression), in keeping with several other studies, was found to be the most common psychiatric morbidity, followed by psychotic disorder, anxiety and suicidality. In contrast to findings by Singh et al., psychiatric morbidities and cognitive impairment had no significant association with sociodemographic factors

IJCM_250A: Awareness and utilization of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna in Chhattisgarh State - A cross Sectional study

Background: Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna (PM-JAY) is the worlds largest health insurance/ assurance scheme fully financed by the government. It provides a cover of Rs. 5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization across public and private empaneled hospitals in India. Over 12 crore poor and vulnerable entitled families are eligible for these benefits. As of now, the total number of ration cards allotted to the people of Chhattisgarh are 57,14,798. Objective: To assess awareness and utilization of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna in Chhattisgarh State. Methodology: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among the eligible beneficiaries in Chhattisgarh state. Multis stage cluster sampling used to select eligible beneficiaries. One district each from all five divisions of Chhattisgarh will be selected then 5 clusters (3 urban and 2 rural area) will be selected from each district. Data was collected face to face interview by using semi structured questionnaire. Data was managed in MS- Excel and analysed using suitable statistical software (SPSS v21) and P Value Results: The study shows 300 (80.9%), and 68(18.3%) participants are BPL & APL card holders respectively and 3(.8%) do not have any card. Out of 371 participants, 92(24.8%) are not enrolled in the scheme. Among study participants, only 90% were aware of the AB-PMJAY, and only 197 (53%) utilized the scheme and get benefitted. Conclusion: This study concluded that despite AB-PMJAY potentially providing cashless financial protection to beneficiaries, some of the study population is still unaware of AB-PMJAY. A quarter of the participants were not enrolled in the scheme, indicating potential gaps in the implementation or accessibility of the program.

Impact of Mothers Awareness Gained Through Antenatal Care on Mother and New Borne Health at Pabna District in Bangladesh

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) serves as a critical component of maternal healthcare, providing pregnant women with essential medical services, information, and support to ensure a healthy pregnancy and childbirth. Objective: The aims of this study was to examine the impact of rural and urban mothers awareness gained through antenatal care of which mothers admitted in the labour ward and postnatal wards of Pabna Medical College Hospital for child birth. Methodology: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among systemic randomly selected 442 postnatal mothers. Among them 241 mothers were selected from rural and 201 mothers from urban area. Data were collected by face to face interview through structured questionnaire from January to October 2022. Results: The mean age of rural mothers was 24.82 ± 4.03 years and 24.68 ±4.5 years of urban mothers. From the rural areas, 91.3% respondents know about meaning of antenatal care. On the other hand in urban areas 97.5% respondents know about meaning of antenatal care. It was found that in case of rural areas, 83.8% respondents replied that mother’s condition after child birth was good and in case of urban areas 88.1% respondents replied that mother’s condition after child birth was good. In rural areas 89.7% respondents replied that babies condition after birth was good and in urban areas 92.6% respondents replied that babies condition after birth was good. Conclusion: The awareness gained through antenatal care plays a pivotal role in promoting maternal and neonatal health by facilitating early detection and management of complications, promoting healthy behaviors, and empowering women to make informed decisions about their health and the health of their newborns.

Patients’ Satisfaction Regarding Dispensary Services at Secondary Level Hospitals

Background: Dispensary services are a crucial part of the health care delivery system. Patients’ satisfaction is an important indicator to measure the quality of dispensary services of a health care organization. Objective: Aim of this study was to assess the level of patients’ satisfaction regarding dispensary services at secondary level hospitals. Methodology: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among purposively selected 349 respondents at Munshigonj General Hospital and Narsingdi 100 Bedded Zilla Hospital. Data were collected by face to face interview through semi- structured questionnaireand observational checklist from January to December 2022. Results: Atotal of 349 respondents were included in this study. Majority of the respondents (69.6%) were highly satisfied for the services with the labeling on the medicine packets. Most of the respondents (85.1%) were dissatisfied regarding the instructions for adverse reaction of drugs, advice about proper storage of medicine (85.1%), waiting space (67.9%). Conclusion: Ensure availability of drugs, distributing medicine as per local demand, increasing the number of posts of pharmacists and number of counters will improve the quality of dispensary service.

Exploring the Health Care Services Satisfaction of the Patients Regarding Hospitalizations at Different Hospitals of District Layyah in Punjab Pakistan

Patient satisfaction is an essential measure in providing care and effectiveness of the healthcare system. Quality care and quality facilities are the prior indicators of the health care system, which ultimately raises the level of patient satisfaction during hospitalization. Objective: To assess and explore the factors affecting the level of satisfaction of the adult patient regarding nursing care during hospitalization. Methods: Mixed methodology was used i.e., cross sectional and descriptive exploratory methods. Questionnaire was distributed to the participants through email and face to face interview were conducted after the confirmation of their consent for the interview. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS Software and qualitative results were written using computer assisted software NVIVO-12. Results: Quantitative study results were 5.61% satisfactions regarding nursing care. Qualitative exploration about factors which were influencing the level of satisfaction of the adult patient were lacking attention, limited knowledge, unhealthy environment, overcrowding and noise and apathy. Conclusions: Participants’ suggestive words were to develop satisfaction levels by overcoming these obstacles. This study underscores the need for interventions to address these factors and enhance patient satisfaction with nursing care in tertiary care hospitals in South Punjab, Pakistan.

Sleep Pattern and Diabetes: Finding from a Cross-Sectional Study in Iraq

Aim: Diabetes is a seriously debilitating disease with deleterious complications associated with physical and psychological aspects of diabetic patients. Sleep quality in diabetics is affected by various factors such as the duration of the disease and its complications. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep quality among type 2 diabetic patients and it is relation to glycemic control. Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbances among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was conducted. Face to face interview was used to obtain participant’s information by using a validated questionnaire. The value of fasting blood sugar or random blood sugar and HbA1c were also obtained. Results: Among 380 type 2 diabetes mellitus, 76.8% had poor sleep quality. No significant correlation was found between age, body-mass index, duration of diabetes, and duration of comorbid disease. Sleep showed a significant association with HbA1c, gender, educational level, employment and monthly income. Conclusion: Sleep disorder is a common problem among diabetic patients, in this study about two third of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had poor sleep quality. Bad sleep has a negative impaction on glycemic control so it is important to focus on sleep quality and try to improve it to maintain accepted glycemic control and reduce the risk of diabetic complications. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, sleep, glycemic control, sleep quality

The use of telemedicine Technologies in the Work of Nurses from the Perspective of Doctors in the Czech Republic

Aim: To assess the expectations of Czech doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to the ability of nurses to use telemedicine technologies. Design: descriptive and cross-sectional Participants: 1,203 physicians were included in the study. The sample is representative in terms of gender, age, and region. Methods: A representative sociological survey was conducted. A non-standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. The field survey was conducted using standardized face-toface interviews. Results: Most physicians agree that nurses can learn how to use telemedicine technologies and can use these technologies to collaborate with physicians in the care of patients. Most respondents (80.7%) believe that doctors support the active involvement of nurses in educating patients with chronic diseases. Conclusion: Respondents agree that nurses can use e-technologies to acquire further information, participate in online courses, and collaborate with physicians to provide patients with recommendations.

Golden Triangle to Bangladesh: Regional Analysis of ATS Sources, Trafficking Routes and Kingpin Involved, and Role of Regional Organizations

Background: Beyond traditional routes to East and Southeast Asia, Excessive ceaseless flow of ATS (yaba/crystal meth) and synthetic drugs in South Asia especially Bangladesh are the new dimension of drugs which have little study of its sources, routes, prices and the kingpin involved to ATS trafficking and production. Security forces have been taking stringent action for the non-conventional security threats including ‘war on drug’. Large information and reasoning gaps are seen which influenced to find the source of ATS, its trafficking routes, its prices and role played in Bangladesh and the region. The research aimed to identify the major sources, trafficking routes of ATS, prices level & economic impact, Kingpin involved and to explore its different regional implications for national and regional level decisions.Methods: A long array of national and international reports, publications etc. reviewed and analyzed. 300 face to face interview survey to drug law enforcement officers, drug dealers and drug consumers with many more qualitative & quantitative interviews.Results: ATS (yaba/crystal meth) problem for Bangladesh and most South Asian countries are intertwined with Golden Triangle drug problems. Potential new drug production & trafficking prone regions such as ‘Black Triangle’ have been becoming sources of ATS for South, East and Southeast Asia. Myanmar non-state ethnic actors, Myanmar military affiliated militias & BGFs, Chinese-Myanmar-India-Bangladesh etc. transnational syndicates involved and per piece of yaba has become as minimum as less than USD $1 dollar.Conclusion: Golden Triangle, especially Myanmar Shan State with expanding trafficking region, anarchic situations and military policies are continue breeding drugs that linked to different routes and actors, changing environment changes sources, routes and actors.

Patterns of Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Covid-19 Patients in a University Hospital of Bangladesh

The World has experienced a devastating pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 that started at March, 2020 and ended in May, 2023. Most patients of COVID-19, presented with respiratory symptoms and signs. But the number of COVID-19 patients experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms were also significant. The spectrum of gastrointestinal symptoms in the second wave of COVID-19 was observed in this study from July 2020 to September 2020 with an aim to describe the frequency of occurrence and the possible timing of onset and duration of these symptoms. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the COVID-19 outpatient (triage of fever clinic) and COVID dedicated inpatient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) involving at least 79 consecutive patients who were RT-PCR positive for coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Gastrointestinal symptoms including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, altered taste, diarrhoea, haematemesis or melena were recorded precisely by face to face interview maintaining proper infection control protocol. Among the 79 COVID-19 patients, 70.88% patients had at least one gastrointestinal symptom & the rest had no GI symptom. Most patients suffered from anorexia (70.88%), followed by diarrhoea (62.02%), nausea (41.77%), loss of taste (36.70%), vomiting (32.90%) & abdominal pain (7.59%), melena (2.53%). Diarrhoea was mild in most cases. The mean duration of diarrhoea and dysgeusia/loss of taste was 2.83 days and 5.8 days respectively. Mean duration of exposure to COVID 19 patient and onset of diarrhoea and dysgeusia was 7.69 days and 3.8 days respectively. This study did not exhibit any association between GI symptoms and severity of the disease. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2024;3(1):07-11

Outcomes of Premature Rupture of Membrane Among Women Admitted in Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal

Background: Premature rupture of membranes is defined as rupture of membranes after 28th weeks of gestation before the onset of labor is called preterm PROM when it occurs after 37 completed weeks of gestation and before onset of labor, then it is term PROM. Spontaneous rupture of the membrane any time beyond 28th weeks of pregnancy but before the onset of labor is called Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM). The management of maternal and fetal outcome in PROM is very important to decrease maternal as well as neonatal mortality and for better management and prevention of complications which has essential significance for the further fate pregnancy. Thus, the study aims to find out the factors and outcomes of PROM among the women who will be admitted in maternity ward at Chitwan Medical College. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Chitwan, Nepal during the study period of six months from 13th Feb 2023 to 14th August 2023 after getting ethical approval from Chitwan Medical College- institutional Review Committee (Reference number-CMC-IRC/079/080). Women were selected via convenience sampling technique. Face to face interview was conducted to gather socio-demographic and obstetric data by structured interview schedule whereas, data related to the feto maternal outcomes were obtained from patient charts and delivery record books. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Result: The prevalence of premature rupture of membrane was found to be 15.3% out of 503 delivered mothers during six-month period. More than half (67.5%) of postnatal mother were between age of 35-45 years. More than half (57.1%) of mother were at 33-35weeks of gestation. Only 3.9 % of mother has Postpartum hemorrhage as maternal outcome. Only 2.6% of fetus have meconium aspiration syndrome as fetus outcome. Conclusion: The burden of premature rupture of membrane was found quite higher as compared to other similar studies done in Nepal. Hence, awareness, early screening, and treatment are necessary for the hospital attended pregnant women to minimize the risk of premature rupture of membrane. Keywords: Outcomes, premature and Rupture of membrane

Association of Mediterranean diet adherence with disease progression, quality of life and physical activity, sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, and serum biomarkers in community-dwelling older adults with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) constitutes a chronic inflammatory and degenerative demyelinating disease, which can progressively lead to a broad range of sensorimotor, cognitive, visual, and autonomic function symptoms, independently of patient’ age. However, the clinical studies that examine the role of dietary patterns against disease progression and symptomatology remain extremely scarce, especially concerning Mediterranean diet (MD) in the subgroup age of older adults with MS.AimsThe present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of MD compliance in disease progression and symptoms severity as well as quality of life and physical activity of community-dwelling older adults with MS.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional conducted on 227 older adults with no history of other severe disease. Relevant questionnaires were applied to collect sociodemographic and anthropometric factors by face-to face interviews between patients and qualified personnel. Serum biomarkers were retrieved by patients’ medical records.ResultsHigher MD compliance was independently associated with younger patients’ age, lower risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, decreased disease progression and higher muscle mass, as well as greater physical activity, better quality of life, and adequate serum ferritin and albumin levelsConclusionsMD may exert beneficial effects in older adults with MS. Future strategies and policies are highly recommended to inform both the general population and the older patients with MS for the beneficial effects of MD in preventing MS and in improving or even slowing down the disease progression and symptoms severity of MS.

Role of Parents in Meeting the Educational Needs of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are increasing alarmingly in recent times making it an important emerging public health problem. The role of parents is of paramount importance in meeting the educational needs of their special children with ASD. Objectives: To find out the role of parents in meeting the educational needs for their children with ASD. Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out among the 61 purposively selected respondents who were attended to Center for Neurodevelopment and Autism in Children, BSMMU, Dhaka and Proyash School, Dhaka cantonment, Dhaka. The data were collected through face to face interview by semi structure questionnaire. Results: This study revealed that the mean age of the children was 6.65 years with SD±2.763 years, 72.1% children with autism were male and 27.9% of them were female. In this study, maximum 39.3% of mothers were HSC qualified and 50.8% of fathers were graduated, 80% mothers were housewife and 20% were in service. It was found that among the children about 52.5% were detected abnormality within first 18 months of age and about 47.5% were detected after 18 months of age. The association between age of first abnormality detection and mother’s educational level was statistically significant (p=.025). The present study also reveals that 82% of mother had knowledge about autism, 88.5% of them feels that their children need special education for taking care. It was found in the study about 70.5% mother spent more than 4 hours time/day for taking care of their children at home whereas 29.5% of them spent 1-4 hours of time/day and detection of abnormality of the children was delayed among less educated mothers in comparison to educated mothers. Conclusion: All this findings suggests that parent’s educational needs for taking care of their children with ASD. In this aspect in-depth study on broader perspective is needed for more accurate description of the problem. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 19, No 1 (June) 2023: 42-46

Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on the Performance of the Indian stock market

This paper analyses the macroeconomic factors influencing performance of Indian stock market index NIFTY 50. The study is unique in nature as it employ both, primary and secondary to derive the conclusion. Initially, nine years monthly data of macroeconomic variables are regressed against monthly performance of NIFTY 50 index using logistic regression. In second stage the outcome of regression analysis is ratified with primary data collected through face to face interview of the stock market expert. The secondary data analysis confirm Dow jones index and exchange rate movement are the main determinants of NIFTY 50 index. However, expert opined that other factors like political stability, economic situation in developed and bilateral relations of India with other countries are also important to forecast the NIFTY 50 index movement. This is the first study in Indian context, to combine domestic and international factors to forecast NIFTY 50 index movement.

The association of dietary carbohydrate quality and quantity with obesity among Iranian adolescents: a case-control study

BackgroundAdolescent obesity is considered as a major health concern worldwide which is closely linked to the quality of diet. The purpose of the present study was to assess the carbohydrate quality and quantity in relation to odds of overweight and obesity in adolescents.MethodsThis case-control study with a 1:1 ratio was conducted on 406 adolescents (14 to 18 years old) matched for age and gender. Participants were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method from March to October 2019 in Shiraz, Iran. Dietary intakes of the study population were assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Also anthropometric indices were measured using standard methods and demographic information was recorded via face to face interview. The relation between low carbohydrate diet score (LCDS) and carbohydrate quality index (CQI), and odds of obesity was evaluated by multiple Logistic regression.ResultsAfter adjusting the role of potential confounders, the participants in the third tertiles of LCDS (OR = 0.443, 95% CI = (0.260 to 0.755)) and CQI (OR = 0.005, 95% CI = (0.001 to 0.025)) had less odds of being overweight and obese compared to the first tertile.ConclusionThe present study found an inverse relationship between dietary quantity and quality of carbohydrate intake and the odds of overweight and obesity in a sample of Iranian adolescents.

In Hospital Experiences of Mothers of Children with Major External Birth Defects During Hospitalisation at a Tertiary Hospital in South Western Uganda

Mothers are regarded as primary care givers and in many African countries, women are culturally held responsible for the child’s health. The birth of a child with birth defect (s) may have significant impact on mothers psychological, physical and socioeconomic well-being. The in hospital experience of mothers of children with birth defects has not been adequately explored and therefore not fully attended to especially in low resource settings. At Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), the medical care team often is more directed towards medical treatment and surgery of the child born with a birth defect with little or no focused psychosocial support to their mothers.  Objectives The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of mothers of children with major externally visible birth defects during their hospitalization at MRRH.  Method A phenomenological study with purposive sampling of 12 participants. The adjusted ecological model was used. Data was collected by self-report using unstructured face to face interviews until saturation was reached. Five themes emerged from the study which include: Negative emotional experience, acceptance of child’s condition, supportive part of the medical team despite some medical system challenges (like stock outs of medications and sundries, fewer staffs in the night) financial challenges and spiritual, family plus health team support were cope strategies.  Conclusion Mothers of children with major external birth defects were negatively affected especially, emotionally and financially. These mothers, therefore require psychosocial, financial and also spiritual support during their hospital stay at MRRH.

Fertility, family planning methods and autonomy among women in Delhi

Background: Women’s autonomy is defined as the ability to regulate one’s environment with the help of social and material resources. This autonomy is intricately linked to various reproductive health outcomes, including reduced fertility, increased contraceptive usage and access to prenatal care. It can be understood as the ability of women to oversee and manage their surroundings independently, allowing them to make decisions about their lifestyle, irrespective of societal opinions. Aims and Objectives: This study explored the association between fertility, family planning methods (FPMs) and autonomy amongst women in Delhi. Materials and Methods: The data for the present study were collected from 400 married women aged 15–45 years old residing in Delhi. A face to face interview was conducted using a semi structured schedule to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Results: The findings revealed that the autonomy level of women was found to be low (13.75%), medium (56.5%) and high (29.75%). Respondents with low autonomy status (47.27%) were illiterate or had a primary level of education. Women with low autonomy have a more significant number of conceptions than medium and high autonomy women, resulting in increased live births amongst low autonomy women. In addition, participants with low levels of autonomy were less aware of FPMs. The study underscored the influence of women’s social position, as reflected in factors such as education, occupation and the economic status of the family, on fertility and contraceptive usage. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that women exhibiting lower autonomy levels tend to possess lower educational attainment, experience a higher frequency of conceptions, demonstrate limited knowledge about contraception and show lower rates of employment.

SATISFACTION OF INPATIENTS ABOUT HEALTH EDUCATION AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL

Background: Health education for patients is one of the essential tasks of physicians in patient care and treatment. To improve the effectiveness of health care and treatment, physicians must spend more time with patients. The interaction of physicians in performing health education for patients must be really enthusiastic, dynamic and responsive to the needs of each patient. Objectives: This study aims to describe the satisfaction of inpatients about the health education communication activities of physicians in clinical departments of university hospitals at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital in June and July - 2023. Materials and methods: A convenience sample of 210 inpatients in 07 clinical departments at the time of discharge from the hospital was surveyed in this descriptive, cross – sectional study. Prepared questionnaires for faceto-face interviews with 37 questions (built by referencing documents related to health education communication for patients, and at the same time proposing some new elements for further study). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results: The majority of the patients were female, accounting for 57.14 %, the average age was 52.01 ± 2.3. Patients had a positive attitude toward thehealth educati on communication methods of physicians, with a score of 69.59 ± 15.73. Most patients received health education in the form of individual consultations, accounting for 95.71 %. The percentage of doctors providing health education consultation to patients was 59.62 %. Patients had a positive attitude toward the health education communication methods of physicians (69.59 ± 15.73), the mean score of patients' evaluation of health education communication activities was 28.89 ± 4.66 and the content of medical education communication was 32.17 ± 10.18. Conclusion: This study shows that patients have positive attitudes toward health education at clinical departments, but patients mainly expect doctors to be the ones to provide information and conduct health education for them. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a health education program for patients that pays attention to the central role of doctors.

Factors Affecting Melon Farmers’ Knowledge Sources and Their Attitudes Towards Input Use; The Case of Hatay Province

The aim of study is to reveal the factors affecting the knowledge sources used by melon farmers in Hatay province, and their attitudes towards input use. In addition, the research also investigated farmers’ attitudes towards plant protection knowledge and support policies. In the study was surveyed with melon farmers. The data were obtained through face to face interviews during the period of Summer-2022. In the study, factor analysis was used to determine farmers’ the factors affecting the knowledge sources. Factors affecting the knowledge sources used by farmers were determined as two-way and one-way communication. The factors affecting the sources that farmers depend on in dose adjustment were determined as internal and external factors. Besides, farmers think that the knowledge sources should be understandable and accessible. On the other hand, farmers think that the sources they depend on should be accurate and reliable. In melon cultivation, chemicals are used excessively to combat diseases and pests. Also, farmers stated that if precautions are not taken while spraying, poisoning may occur. Moreover, it is thought that empty pesticide containers should be destroyed and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides may harm products and the environment. Furthermore, farmers claimed that support policies for melon production were not sufficient. As a result, it has been understood that melon farmers have a good level of education and are conscious individuals. However, it is thought that the training and extension activities will help farmers increase their income and environmental awareness.