Facial Distortion Research Articles

Simulation of bent Laue crystals for a high-energy X-ray monochromator with heat load consideration

The performance of a double-crystal Laue-case monochromator has been evaluated for the Engineering Material beamline at the High Energy Photon Source. Expanding on the xrt framework, the crystal simulation incorporates the Penning–Polder and multilamellar models to determine the crystal diffraction profiles and utilizes two approaches, analytical expression and discrete point, for crystal depiction. The simulation accounts for the heat load by treating it as both face distortion and bulk distortion. Three scenarios are discussed: an ideally bent crystal without heat load, a bent crystal with thermally induced face distortion and a bent crystal with thermally induced bulk distortion. The mutual consistency in tracing confirms the validity of the crystal simulation. Two thermal distortion assessment tools are available: one for the rapid evaluation of the impact of significant distortions, and the other for the refined reflection of interior lattice plane distortions, which constitutes a key innovation of the simulation. The tracing outcomes offer valuable guidance for decision making and risk mitigation in the optical design process.

A heat transfer model for thermal distortions in high speed spiral groove gas lubricated face seals

The thermal distortions of seal face caused by heat transfer directly affect the stability of seal operation. Here, a heat transfer analysis model of spiral groove gas face seal is established taking account of gas compressibility and choked flow effect. Then, a thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) analysis is carried out based on the proposed heat transfer model, frictional heat flux, surface conduction heat flux, and film adsorption heat flux are calculated, and face distortions are also analyzed under different operating parameters including rotational speed, seal temperature and seal pressure. It is shown that, the adsorption heat induced by gas expansion makes the film cooling, which often leads complex temperature distributions and plays an important and non-ignored role in thermal distortions. For the spiral groove face seal, the increase of seal pressure and rotational speed makes the adsorption heat increase significantly due to pumping effect of grooves. The more important is that the thermal distortions may be controlled by changing seal width. Here, for the spiral groove face seal, the clearance can transfer divergent to convergent with increasing seal width from 5 mm to 13.1 mm. This provides a potential way for distortion control in gas face seal design.

Time course and neural locus of the Flashed Face Distortion Effect

Viewing a rapid sequence of face images shown in the periphery can lead to large caricature-like distortions in the perceived images, a phenomenon known as the Flashed Face Distortion Effect (FFDE). The mechanisms underlying FFDE are poorly understood. Here we examined the timing and sites of the adaptation processes giving rise to the FFDE. To investigate the effects of presentation rate, we maintained consistent trial lengths while assessing how variations in the temporal frequencies of face presentation influenced the magnitude of face distortion and the averaging of facial expressions. Over a wide range of temporal frequencies (1.2–60 Hz) tested, we observed a decrease in FFDE strength as the presentation rate increased. To probe the neural sites of FFDE, we varied whether successive faces were presented to the same or different eyes using a dichoptic display. Distortion effects were comparable for monocular, binocular, and interocular conditions, yet much larger than a control condition where faces were presented with a temporal interval between successive images, suggesting a cortical locus for FFDE.

Iterative Removal of G-PCC Attribute Compression Artifacts Based on a Graph Neural Network

As a compression standard, Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) can effectively reduce data by compressing both geometric and attribute information. Even so, due to coding errors and data loss, point clouds (PCs) still face distortion challenges, such as the encoding of attribute information may lead to spatial detail loss and visible artifacts, which negatively impact visual quality. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an iterative removal method for attribute compression artifacts based on a graph neural network. First, the geometric coordinates of the PCs are used to construct a graph that accurately reflects the spatial structure, with the PC attributes treated as signals on the graph’s vertices. Adaptive graph convolution is then employed to dynamically focus on the areas most affected by compression, while a bi-branch attention block is used to restore high-frequency details. To maintain overall visual quality, a spatial consistency mechanism is applied to the recovered PCs. Additionally, an iterative strategy is introduced to correct systematic distortions, such as additive bias, introduced during compression. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method produces finer and more realistic visual details, compared to state-of-the-art techniques for PC attribute compression artifact removal. Furthermore, the proposed method significantly reduces the network runtime, enhancing processing efficiency.

Color robustly affects the intensity of facial distortions in two cases of prosopometamorphopsia

Color robustly affects the intensity of facial distortions in two cases of prosopometamorphopsia

Exploring Facial Somatosensory Distortion in Chronic Migraine: The Role of Laterality and Emotion Recognition—A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: In addition to being highly distressing, chronic migraine headaches are a major socioeconomic challenge. Like other pain syndromes, migraine headaches are associated with psychological and physiological impairments, including sensorimotor and somatosensory deficits. Aim: This study aims to explore whether patients with high-frequency or chronic migraine differ from a healthy population in the areas of laterality recognition (LAT) and facial emotion recognition (FER) and whether there are correlations between these areas and central sensitization of pain and psychological components like stress, depression, anxiety, and alexithymia. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, individuals with high-frequency or chronic (ICHD classification) migraine (migraine group MG = 45) and healthy individuals (control group CG = 25) were studied using LAT testing (hand, neck, and face); FER testing; and questionnaires, including the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Results: Data from 70 participants were collected for analysis. Statistically significant differences were found only in the assessment of central sensitization (p < 0.001). Weak to moderate monotonic correlations were found for the MG, especially between alexithymia detection (TAS-20) and facial emotion recognition (FER test). Discussion: The methodological procedure and its accompanying challenges can be seen as limitations of this study. The lack of significant effects must be mentioned, but the selection of the collected questionnaires, the uniform diagnostics, and the statistical processing of a large amount of data represent methodological strengths. Conclusion: The CSI and the TAS-20 could be used in combination with FER to assess chronic migraine. Implementing the described sensorimotor parameters as a therapeutic intervention requires further investigation.

Analyzing abnormalities on age attribute in GAN-control

The controllable GAN algorithm has the capability of producing high-quality virtual face images. However, the generated results may not always be of optimal quality. The small changes in the sub-vectors of particular parameters may result in big change in the quality and effect of the face images, such as higher occurrence of face distortions and artefect. This paper mainly aims to investigate the reasons behind the suboptimal performance when we alter the age of the image. To achieve this, we analyze the latent space of the outliers and visualize the distance between the outliers using the PCA algorithm. Additionally, this work introduces noise to each sub-vector to gain insights into the potential reasons for the occurrence of outliers. This paper gave a detailed analysis on the inharmonious performance of different features in the latent space, and provided an aspect on the future improvement work in the face synthesis by controllable GAN algorithm.

Probable paralytic rabies in a dog: ante-mortem clinical diagnosis implications in limited resource settings.

Rabies is a dreadful zoonotic viral disease that affects animals and humans with a fatality rate of 100%. This report aims to create awareness among the veterinarians and general public about the paralytic form of rabies in order to understand the antemortem clinical diagnosis implications in limited resource settings, so as to follow the post-exposure prophylaxis at the golden hour period of rabies transmission. A one-year-old female dog was presented to the Ambulatory Clinic Unit, Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India with the ailment of a dropped jaw and was unable to swallow food and water for the past three days. Epidemiological investigations revealed that the animal had dog-bitten wounds from a week ago. On clinical examination, facial distortion, changes in the vocal cord, and paralysis of the throat muscle were noticed. Based on the anamnesis, clinical, and epidemiological investigations, the animal was diagnosed to be a probable case of paralytic form of canine rabies. In the limited resource settings, antemortem clinical diagnosis was practiced to suspect rabies-infected dogs. Further, the owner was advised to implement preventive measures to safeguard against rabies infection. The dog was kept under isolation and succumbed on day two with evidence of progressive paralytic signs. This report emphasizes the importance of paralytic rabies, alongside of furious form of rabies, further creating awareness among the general public about the antemortem clinical diagnosis under limited resource settings.

Analysis of Thermoelastic Contact of Gas-Lubricated Rough Sealing Faces.

Friction and wear are the main failure sources of face seals. When the surfaces of sealing rings exhibit greater roughness, the level of friction might increase and lead to sealing failure. Therefore, in this paper, based on the elastic contact hypothesis of rough and wavy surfaces and the influence of temperature on the elastic modulus of materials, a thermoelastic contact lubrication model of a gas-lubricated end seal is established. The novelty and advantage of this study is that it takes the effect of surface roughness into consideration during thermoelastic analysis of gas-lubricated seals. The film pressure, temperature, contact force and deformation of a gas spiral groove-faced seal are numerically determined. The influence of surface roughness on the contact distribution, deformation and temperature of the end-face seal at different speeds and pressures is analyzed. The film thickness increases as the rotational speed increases from 1 rpm to 2000 rpm, while the contact pressure sharply decreases from 0.25 kPa to 0. The analysis shows that the roughness contact mainly happens on the inner side of the rings due to convergent distortion of the seal faces, which easily causes partial wear of the seal faces. Moreover, it can also be found that the spiral grooves on the sealing surface can produce obvious hydrodynamic pressure effect due to the function of shear speed when the speed increases to 2000 rpm, while the film temperature increases from 293.3 K to about 306 K. The greater surface roughness results in a larger temperature rise under low-rotational-speed and lower-seal-pressure conditions, which further increases the risk of severe wear or even failure of the seal faces.

Dynamics of sensory and decisional biases in perceptual decision making: Insights from the face distortion illusion.

Bias in perceptual decision making can have both sensory and decisional origins. These distinct sources of bias are typically seen as static and stable over time. However, human behavior is dynamic and constantly adapting. Yet it remains unclear how sensory and decisional biases progress in distinct ways over time. We addressed this question by tracking the dynamics of sensory and decisional biases during a task that involves a visual illusion. Observers saw multiple pairs of peripherally presented faces that induce a strong illusion making the faces appear distorted and grotesque. The task was to judge whether one of the last two faces had true physical distortion (experimentally introduced in half of the trials). Initially, participants classified most faces as distorted as exemplified by a liberal response bias. However, over the course of the experiment, this response bias gradually disappeared even though the distortion illusion remained equally strong, as demonstrated by a separate subjective rating task without artificially distorted faces. The results suggest that the sensory bias was progressively countered by an opposite decisional bias. This transition was accompanied by an increase in reaction times and a decrease in confidence relative to a condition that does not induce the visual illusion. All results were replicated in a second experiment with inverted faces. These findings demonstrate that participants dynamically adjust their decisional bias to compensate for sensory biases, and that these two biases together determine how humans make perceptual decisions.

Rethinking the uncanny valley as a moderated linear function: Perceptual specialization increases the uncanniness of facial distortions

The relationship between artificial entities’ human likeness and aesthetic preference is thought to be best modelled by an N-shaped cubic “uncanny valley” function, which however suffers from conceptual criticisms and lack of parsimony. Here it is argued that uncanniness effects may instead be modelled by a linear function of deviation moderated by perceptual specialization. The two models are compared in an experiment with five incrementally distorted face types (cartoon, CG, drawing, real, robot). Recognition performance for upright and inverted faces were used as a specialization measure. Specialization significantly moderated the linear effect of distortion on uncanniness, and could explain the data better than a conventional uncanny valley. The uncanny valley may thus be better understood as a moderated linear function of specialization sensitizing the uncanniness of deviating stimuli. This simpler yet more accurate model is compatible with neurocognitive theories and can explain uncanniness effects beyond the conventional uncanny valley.

Vaporization Phase Transition in Cryogenic Liquid Oxygen Sealing Film on Spiral Groove Faces.

The property of vaporization phase transition in liquid oxygen face seals is a key factor affecting the stability of mechanical face seals in many fields, especially under cryogenic conditions. Here, a numerical model based on the saturated vapor pressure is established to investigate the vaporization phase transition property of liquid oxygen sealing film. The novelty of this model is to take the influence of heat transfer and face distortions into consideration at the same time. The pressure and temperature distributions as well as face distortions are calculated, and then the property of vaporization phase transition and sealing performance are analyzed. It is found that spiral grooves may lead to the complex film temperature distributions and irregular vaporization distributions. With the increase in seal temperature and decrease in seal pressure, the vaporization area extends from the low-pressure side to the grooves area, and the vaporization rate increases rapidly. The more important thing is that the vaporization often brings a drastic fluctuation and non-monotonic change in opening force. Specifically, with the increase inin seal temperature from 55 K to 140 K, the opening force fluctuates violently, and the fluctuation range is more than 50%, showing an obvious instability. Finally, this study provides a design range of pressure and temperature values for liquid oxygen face seals. In these ranges, this kind of face seals can have a stable operation, which is beneficial to the practice engineering related to the complex properties of sealing fluid.

A CASE STUDY ON RESTORING FACIAL SYMMETRY: AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO ARDITA (BELL’S PALSY)

The case study outlines the successful Ayurvedic management of Bell's palsy, referred to as Ardita in Ayurveda. The 46-year-old male patient presented with sudden onset drooping of the right upper eyelid, prominent right nasolabial fold, and dryness in the right eye after travelling. These symptoms are consistent with facial muscle weakness, which is characteristic of Bell's palsy. In Ayurveda, Ardita is correlated with the vitiation of Vata dosha, leading to facial distortion. The treatment approach adopted in this case was shamana chikitsa, a method focused on pacifying the aggravated dosha. Additionally, the Tarpana procedure, belonging to Netra-kriya-kalpana (ocular therapies), was employed along with mild ocular exercises. The shamana and Tarpana procedures were initiated from the first day of the treatment. After two weeks, there was a significant improvement in the gradation of Bell's palsy, resulting in a normal palpebral aperture of the eye. Notably, the treatment approach followed Ayurvedic principles and did not involve the use of oral steroids. This case study contributes to exploring and developing Ayurvedic treatment modalities for Bell's palsy. The successful outcome, without adverse effects, highlights the potential effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions in managing facial muscle weakness. The emphasis on shamana and specific ocular therapies aligns with the holistic approach of Ayurveda, addressing the root cause of the condition and promoting overall well-being. In conclusion, this case study provides valuable insights into Ayurvedic management of Bell's palsy, showcasing the potential of traditional Ayurvedic principles and therapies in treating facial muscle weakness, enhancing confidence and preventing long-term facial damage.

Glabellar rotation flap technique in patient with squamous cell carcinoma in right upper eyelid: case reports

Introduction : Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin malignancy after basal cell carcinoma, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Found in various parts of the body, in the eye and periocular area, it may affect the skin of the conjunctiva, cornea, and eyelid. Surgical excision is the preferred mode of SCC treatment. After excision, reconstructive surgery is often required for the best functional and cosmetic results. Early diagnosis and treatment of tumors and follow up care for at least 5 years have a significant impact on patient survival.
 Case Illustration: Description of two cases squamous cell carcinoma that had undergone reconstructive biopsy and blepharoplasty procedure with glabellar rotation flap technique alone in one case and together with a cheek advancement flap in the second one. In both cases, conjunctival replacement by using lower labial mucosa.
 Discussion : In both cases tumor affects the margin of the upper eyelid, therefore flap reconstruction is necessary to maintain eyelid function and esthetics. The glabellar flap has the advantages of being a fast surgery, having a good vascular supply, and being able to fill deep abnormalities because it is a thick flap. A cheek lateral rotation flap was designed to avoid unnecessary facial distortion in second case.
 Conclusion : Glabellar rotation flap alone or together with cheek advancement flap was done to maintain function and physical aesthetic of eyelid. Additional cheek lateral rotation flap could reduce skin tension.

FUE as the first surgical option for hair reconstruction on scalp and facial skin grafts - case report.

Post-combustion alopecia presents a complex medical challenge with implications spanning dermatological and psychiatric disorders. The use of hair transplantation has proven to be a significant improvement for this condition. However, the current management involves various techniques, each with advantages and disadvantages. Progressive skin expansions, surgical scar reduction, and skin grafts containing hair follicles yield unsatisfactory aesthetic outcomes and have limited applicability as a first-line treatment for fire victims. So far, follicular unit extraction (FUE) has proven to be one of the most versatile procedures in such cases, having the potential to restore a natural anatomical profile closely resembling the pre-traumatic appearance that led to the traumatic alopecia. Additionally, it contributes to the improvement of associated psychiatric comorbidities, facilitating proper social reintegration and enhancing overall quality of life. This report focuses on a case of post-combustion alopecia and severe facial distortion due to third-degree burns resulting in severe psychiatric comorbidities, which benefited from a proper social reintegration and improvement of the quality of life after three consecutive sessions of FUE for scalp and eyebrow hair.

The Impact of Centralization on the Enactment of Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining on the Development of Regional Autonomy

The condition of illegal coal mines has been going on for a long time in East Kalimantan Province at the same time when mining business permits (IUP) from district and city governments have been issued since the 2000s, as well as several small islands where there are explicit illegal mines. This unlicensed coal mining was originally carried out by traditional miners, but it has evolved due to factors such as poverty, lack of employment, and lack of opportunities. Based on the description above, it is to find out the centralization arrangement of the enactment of Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining on the development of regional autonomy. This study uses an empirical juridical (sociological) approach which is research to describe and analyze existing problems and is included in the type of library research that will be presented descriptively. In the process of making policies, it is important for communities to participate and fulfill their aspirations so that the use of natural resources can improve the mineral and coal mining sector and improve the welfare of the community. Then, the government should consider strategic and potential matters, especially those related to the environment. One consequence of the centralization of mining is that local governments no longer have the authority to control mineral and coal mining. In addition, local governments face distortions of oversight of mining management and declining regional revenues.

AN AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ARDITA W.S.R TO PEDIATRIC BELL’S PALSY: A CASE STUDY

Ardita is the Vatavyadhi which leads to distortion of face. It can be correlated to Bell’s palsy due to similar clinical manifestations. Facial nerve dysfunction can seriously influence a patient’s perspective of life as face is considered as organ of emotion. Here is uncommon case of 6 years girl complaints of right-side deviated mouth, chewing difficulty on left side, unable to close left eye with improper blinking and slurred speech for 1 month and diagnosed clinically as Bell’s palsy. In Contemporary medicine, management includes steroids, anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs which has limited outcomes and minimal adverse effects. Present study reveals that Ardita was managed better with ayurvedic therapeutic procedures like Mukhaabhyanga, Swedana, Nasya, Shirobasti, Gandoosha and internal medicines like Dhanadhanayanadi Kashaya, Dhanwantaram101, Balarishta and Brihathvatachintamani gold with the total duration of 45 days. Ayurvedic treatment has been proved to be beneficial in the management of Ardita in children.

Harlequin Ichthyosis: A Rare Skin Disorder

Harlequin ichthyosis, an exceptionally rare and severe genetic skin disorder, presents a unique intersection of genetics, skin biology, and clinical manifestation. This congenital condition, a severe form of ichthyosis, has captivated the medical community due to its striking clinical features. It arises from genetic mutations in the ABCA12 gene, disrupting skin barrier formation. The clinical presentation is characterized by diamond-shaped scales, facial distortions, and medical challenges, particularly in neonates. Historical accounts have contributed to our evolving understanding, culminating in recent genetic advancements. While no cure exists, treatment involves a combination of medical interventions and supportive care. The psychosocial impact on affected individuals and families is profound. Despite challenges, the future is promising, driven by genomics, precision medicine, novel therapies, and collaborative research. Harlequin ichthyosis represents a remarkable example of progress at the intersection of science and compassion.

A conceptual study of Arditam and its Chikitsa mentioned in Brihatrayis along with its modern correlation (Facial Paralysis)

Ardita is considered as one among the 80 types of Vata Nanatmaja Vyadhi described in our Ayurvedic classics. Ardita with special reference to facial palsy is a disease affecting all ages and more common in the present day scenario which causes distortion of face and associated with the impairment of motor and sensory functions of the affected side of the face, Effective treatment has been highlighted by contemporary science for this crippling disease, by the virtue of targeting the Dosha involved and there by curing the disease through Ayurveda is successful key in the treatment of facial palsy. Various Ayurvedic herbal formulations and Panchakarma procedures have been so far found effective in reversing the condition.

People identification via tongue print using fine-tuning deep learning

<span>Many person-verification systems are critical in security systems for verifying passage through doors opened to specific people using various techniques. People can use electronic payment methods and security apps to generate codes for quick, remote financial transactions. Older systems required precision and speed. Many alternative methods were developed by technology and artificial intelligence to make such operations simple and quick. The identification of tongue prints is discussed in this paper. Tongue prints, like fingerprints, are unique to each individual. The tongue was used in this study because it is unique among such organs. The tongue is protected by the lips. This guards against taking a tongue print by force. Some people distort their fingerprints, making fingerprint recognition systems unable to recognize them. Car accidents cause facial distortion, which distorts the system and prevents it from distinguishing facial prints, so the tongue was used as a fingerprint in this study. A database of 1,104 images for 138 Mustansiriyah University College of Science students yielded an average of eight images per individual. VGG16 was implemented for transfer learning and fine-tuning. In comparison to previous studies, the accuracy achieved was more than 91%.</span>