Facade Pattern Research Articles

Characteristics Of Two Original Facades (Gable and Gunungan) Of Malabero Chinese Shop House In Bengkulu City

Building facades convey a period of culture at the time the building was built, as well as providing the identity of a cultural group or community. Building facades and anthropology became the impetus to find out the original characteristics of the two main facades in the row of Malabero Chinese shophouses on Jalan D. I. Panjaitan Bengkulu City. This research uses the field observation method to obtain data through photographs as well as information from the surrounding community, historians, and cultural experts in Bengkulu and Malabero Chinese Village, to get a link to the facade pattern with an emphasis on building facade elements (roof, walls and building openings) through variables of Chinese shophouse facade characteristics and shop house facade indicators. Malabero Bengkulu's Chinese shophouses are grouped within the Chinese settlement (Chinese Kamp) in front of Fort Marlborough, initially having two characteristics of Chinese shophouse building styles based on their facades. The alteration of the south side of the Malabero Chinese shophouses eliminated many of the original characteristics of the original facade of the Malabero Bengkulu Chinese shophouses (gable roof). As a result, many new characteristics of the shophouse facade elements have been replaced. The shape of the roof (gunungan), the removal of the balcony, and the shape of the building openings became the characteristics of the facade face of the south side Malabero Chinese shop house (gunungan roof). This change in the facade is in anticipation of the load being responsive to earthquakes.

Pengaplikasian Material Aluminium Composite Panel pada Perancangan Apartemen dan Soho di Kota Surabaya

The demand for residential space continues to increase with the amount of growth in a city. This is something that is experienced by large cities such as Surabaya. The demand for residential and office space for local residents and migrants is due to the increasing number of national and multinational companies operating in the city of Surabaya. The use of technology in the creation of building materials is one of the positive impacts that can be felt due to the rapid influence of modernization and globalization. The use of ACP material with a variety of materials and colors and ease of application in workmanship. Aluminum composite panel (ACP) building facade is a combination of aluminum panels and composite materials. This building material is made of polyethylene coated with aluminum panels on both sides. Aluminum composite panel itself is a rigid and sturdy sheet but with a relatively light weight. This building material is used to line the exterior or interior walls of the building. Because this material is available in metallic and non-metallic colors, it can add an artistic and luxurious impression to the building facade. The use of ACP material used on the facade of this building has various advantages such as variations in thickness, strength and brightness and attractive facade patterns.

건축 파사드의 디지털 패턴 디자인 유형에 대한 감성 특성 - 밴 팰(Ben Pell)의 파사드 패턴 유형을 중심으로 -

Pattern is a visually important element in designing an architectural facade. The digital pattern design such as a facade is deeply related to aesthetic characteristics in architecture and interior design. However, the lack of research on a systematic design process for digitalized pattern design such a facade, poses a problem for designers. This research provides emotional characteristics on five types of architectural facade pattern: applied, perforated, layered, cast, and tiled. The analysis is based on an existing study that briefly analyzed their emotional characteristics, and this is combined with the results of other research on emotional characteristics of applied and perforated patterns. First, reviewing previous research reveals the reasons for selecting façade pattern types classified by Ben Pell and determines their classification criteria, the definitions, the general characteristics and the representative projects of the five types of architectural facade. Second, the survey method from existing research is used to establish targets, method, and analysis. Third, general information of survey respondents is analyzed in terms of gender, age, education, occupation, and experience. Results represent emotional characteristics by case and by type of digital pattern design of architectural facade and reveal a correlation between determined emotional characteristics by type and by case. After deriving their correlations, this study finally determines the emotional characteristics by type and case. Emotional responses are then presented by type and case. Fourth, the results are compared and analyzed with those of existing research. The results in the emotional characteristics show that the applied and layered patterns are continuous and discontinuous-continuous, respectively, the perforated pattern is irregular and irregular-regular, and the cast and tiled patterns are regular and irregular-regular, respectively. In the comparison of the average value by facade pattern design type, based on the results and as a design concept, a continuous continuity is more suitable for the layered pattern than the applied pattern, a regular regularity is more appreciated for the cast pattern than the tiled pattern, and an irregular regularity is good for designing the perforated pattern.

무리지능 기반 파라메트릭 파사드 패턴 디자인 프로세스 및 그래스호퍼 알고리즘 개발

As a follow-up research, this research aims to develop a Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade symmetric pattern design process using Interactive Genetic Algorithm from Genetic Algorithm in order to drawing out Swarm Intelligence-Based Parametric Facade Pattern Design Methods, which are so called ‘Population Position’, Three Behaviors’, and ‘Flow’, developed by Oh, Y. E. and Lee, H. S. (2021). This study’s method is first, to theoretically review Genetic Algorithm as a design process platform, often utilized in Biomimicry, second, to find out basic elements making up a parametric facade pattern design, to be compared with Interactive-Genetic Algorithm process and parametric facade pattern design process for building as a design process platform, and to develop Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade symmetric pattern design process using Interactive-Genetic Algorithm, third, to step on the developed design process, while showing each step’s element with generated results by the design methods, fourth, to compare and analyze the developed design process with previous researches in several aspects. It means to have built a systematic form as a parametric facade pattern design process for generating Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade pattern designs. This paper will be expected to help designers and architects get inspired by parametric facade pattern designs generated through the developed design process and come up with creative and various idea in their design process.

무리지능 기반 파라메트릭 파사드 패턴 디자인 방법 및 그래스호퍼 알고리즘 개발

In a trend of urbanization, population lives in cities. These citizens want to live in a good urban life. For their good lives, urban environment as their living areas is filled with buildings. so facade pattern designs as one of visual elements of architectural facade have been considered and demanded in an artistic perspective of architecture. In designing architectural facade, designers and architects need to have an inspiration or its various and creative idea provided in a short time in their schematic design phase. Therefore, this research aims to develop design methods and their Grasshopper algorithms for parametric facade pattern design based on Swarm Intelligence, which is used in the field of Biomimicry, which is one of elements and attributes of Biophilic Design and a field of making it possible for efficient and artistic results to be produced by structural orders and principles from nature. The detailed objectives of this research are first, theoretical review for facade parametric pattern design, and Biomimicry and Swarm Intelligence, second, building a logical structure to produce data corresponding to each flocking behavior’s rule, and third, developing design methods and Grasshopper algorithms for Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade patterns, representing parametric facade pattern designs, and comparing and analyzing with previous research’s algorithm. The study is focused on only introduction of Swarm Intelligence-based parametric facade pattern design’s methods and Grasshopper algorithms, display of pattern design examples, which are previous steps of applied to architectural facades. This research means to define a basic Grasshopper algorithm based on Swarm Intelligence in order to develop detailed design methods of parametric facade pattern designs and help designers and architects to get inspired from and various and creative idea in a short time in earlier design stage. The research is expected to be able to play an expanded system for developing parametric facade pattern design in the field of not only architectural facade but also interior space design.

The Necessity of Using Developed Cultural Traditions in Contemporary Architecture of South of Russia

Nowadays travelers all over the world are eager to see local traditional architecture typical for the given area. But the globalization processes that penetrated into architectural sphere as well, have turned the historical centers of many towns and cities into twins in their spatial pattern, technologies and materials used. As a rule, these are buildings made of glass and concrete, so characteristic for rational contemporary solutions. At the same time, there is historical architecture, surprisingly surviving in quiet outskirts of southern Russian cities and attracting genuine interest. Using photometry methods, the authors have detected, analyzed and graphically processed these examples. This architecture retained facade patterns representing artistic work of different people inhabiting the region. Each of these nations brought their own national traditions in the way of life and ornamental decoration of houses in specific form and pattern. It gives room for imagination of modern architects.

МЕТОД ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЕТРОВЫХ НАГРУЗОК И ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПРОГРАММНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ

The current study considers a multifunctional high security residential complex. The study was conducted as part of the scientific and technical support for the design of the construction project. The compliance of design and survey documentation with the established requirements is usually a result of scientific and technical support of design. The methodology of determining wind loans and impacts is implemented with the help of a software package named SOFiSTiK. This software is capable of performing computations of stationary and non-stationary wind loans. Aerodynamic coefficients of drag and lateral force, as well as average pressure values were found as a result of applying the methodology in question. Also, patterns of medium pressure propagation on the surface of facade systems and patterns of medium-velocity fields of the complex were determined.

Karakteristik fasad bangunan Indis di kawasan jalan Prawitotaman Yogyakarta

Kawasan jalan Prawirotaman Yogyakarta memiliki karakteristik yang unik dengan fasad bangunan-bangunan Indis yang dulu merupakan rumah prajurit Kraton dan terus berkembang sehingga banyak bangunan baru yang muncul dengan gaya modern yang dapat menghilangkan identitas dan karakteristik di kawasan jalan Prawirotaman. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pemahaman mengenai karakteristik fasad bangunan Indis agar dapat dijadikan masukan dalam perancangan bangunan di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma rasionalistik dengan metode deduktif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ditemukan tipe-tipe dalam setiap elemen dan ditemukan tipe yang paling dominan diantaranya; atap limasan dengan tambahan atap kecil (akibat penambahan ruang depan) dengan genteng tanah liat, dinding material beton dengan warna cream atau putih, pintu menggunakan 2 daun pintu material kayu kombinasi kaca rayban, Jendela kaca massif, peninggian lantai antara 20-60 cm (memerlukan tangga untuk akses masuk) dan didominasi dengan bangunan berlantai satu. Pola fasad keseluruhan bangunan Indis yang ada di kawasan jalan Prawirotaman memiliki pola yang asimetis namun terkesan seimbang dan ornamen pada bangunan terdapat pada bagian ventilasi, sedangkan kolom dengan unsur garis tegas dan material beton yang menunjukan adanya perbedaan karakteristik pada variabel dari teori karakteristik dasar bangunan Indis. Contoh elemen yang berbeda adalah jendela dan pola bangunan karena adanya perkembangan jaman dirubah oleh pemilik bangunan.

Explanation of Facade Patterns in Buildings Constructed by German Architects in Iran (Pahlavi Period)

Explanation of Facade Patterns in Buildings Constructed by German Architects in Iran (Pahlavi Period)

An empirical study to improve software quality through design patterns

Numerous elements influence the quality of software systems. One of these elements is the use of design patterns. This paper examines the influence of design patterns on quality requirements in particular maintainability. Improving the maintainability of software systems provides a higher opportunity for recovery because maintenance costs can use 60-80% of the complete budget of proprietorship of software systems. In addition, if the maintainability of the software system is poor, the destruction of the product will increase and the system will rapidly lose its importance to stakeholders. In this context, we propose a pattern guided approach to improve the maintainability of software products. Maintainability is measured by certain factors. We focus in this article on the observer and the facade design patterns to illustrate our work.

Design Patterns’ Model for Application Development in Object Oriented Languages

Design patterns are one of the most efficient ways of application development. Many developers are still reluctant to the use of design patterns and development is carried out with not enough attention paid to the reusability and extensibility of the code. Patterns are not to be restricted in the building of integrated development environments and language libraries. Proposed work presents a model which use combination of multiple design patterns for application development in object oriented programming. The model suggested in this proposed work uses hierarchical abstraction of objects created using factory pattern. Facade pattern is also used which makes functional encapsulation possible. Proposed work also presents the scenarios in which use of patterns is likely to improve the code efficiency and reusability. Along with the factory pattern, singleton pattern may also to be used together in the proposed model for their respective benefits.

벽면녹화의 패턴 표현방법에 따른 반복패턴 디자인 특성 분석

Within green facades, the greening side of the wall is first recognized by people, leaving a visually lasting impression. As facades play a crucial factor in forming street image, their design can be considered most important. In modern days, 'patterns,' one of the popular elements of design, has developed into becoming a method of expressing architects' emotions or images as well as ways of seeking satisfaction. As opposed to recent overseas movement where patterned green facades have been widely utilized, the domestic trend still remains in outdoor green facades without patterns. This study, focusing on overseas patterned green facades, classifies the facade pattern's expressive methods into two greater parts, and four categories. Furthermore, among the elements and properties from Biophilic pattern guidelines, we specifically focus on 'Repetition Pattern,' which corresponds to 'Complexity & Order.' Biophilic design has the notion of pursuing an environment that aids modern people's comfort and well being. Providing information on patterned green facades that have largely gained popularity, this study also presents its aesthetic directions that may be applicable domestically in the future.

Parametric-based designs for kinetic facades to optimize daylight performance: Comparing rotation and translation kinetic motion for hexagonal facade patterns

Recent literature shows that experimentation in kinetics and architectural skins is more widely introduced as a solution for environmental-related design issues. Facades and elements are transformed in kinetic living creatures changing in synchrony with the surrounding environment. Through the lens of morphology, this research explores the possibilities of kinetic composition afforded by facades in motion. It presents a method for the evaluation of kinetic facades system performance using experimental approach. The experiments investigate improving daylight performance through the design and motion of kinetic facades using various integrated software. The impact of kinetic motion of hexagonal pattern on south-facing skin to control the daylight distribution in an office space is studied using parametric simulation technique. Results demonstrate the analysis of rotational and translation kinetic motions at the early design stage compared to a traditional window (base case). Finally, possible configurations to enhance daylight performance are suggested.

Generating a Visual Language of Performance-Driven Configurations for the Principal Façade of a Prototype Sustainable House

A performance-driven application of shape grammars is presented. A parametric shape grammar that generates a language of pattern designs for the principal facade of a prototype house—featuring a 5 × 20 matrix of electrochromic windows—based equally on performance and aesthetic criteria is described. The adjustment of the chromatism and light transmittance of each individual windowpane on the facade enables the adjustment of solar radiation at the house interior. The novel aspect of the grammar is that it encodes performance constraints of interior daylight illuminance and associates them to visual, symmetry principles of two-dimensional pattern generation. Twelve parametric rules account for the generation of the facade pattern language and five subclasses account for the symmetry of the patterns in the language.

PERSISTENT SCATTERER AIDED FACADE LATTICE EXTRACTION IN SINGLE AIRBORNE OPTICAL OBLIQUE IMAGES

Abstract. We present a new method to extract patterns of regular facade structures from single optical oblique images. To overcome the missing three-dimensional information we incorporate structural information derived from Persistent Scatter (PS) point cloud data into our method. Single oblique images and PS point clouds have never been combined before and offer promising insights into the compatibility of remotely sensed data of different kinds. Even though the appearance of facades is significantly different, many characteristics of the prominent patterns can be seen in both types of data and can be transferred across the sensor domains. To justify the extraction based on regular facade patterns we show that regular facades appear rather often in typical airborne oblique imagery of urban scenes. The extraction of regular patterns is based on well established tools like cross correlation and is extended by incorporating a module for estimating a window lattice model using a genetic algorithm. Among others the results of our approach can be used to derive a deeper understanding of the emergence of Persistent Scatterers and their fusion with optical imagery. To demonstrate the applicability of the approach we present a concept for data fusion aiming at facade lattices extraction in PS and optical data.

Emulating Multiple Inheritance in Fortran 2003/2008

Although the high-performance computing (HPC) community increasingly embraces object-oriented programming (OOP), most HPC OOP projects employ the C++ programming language. Until recently, Fortran programmers interested in mining the benefits of OOP had to emulate OOP in Fortran 90/95. The advent of widespread compiler support for Fortran 2003 now facilitates explicitly constructing object-oriented class hierarchies via inheritance and leveraging related class behaviors such as dynamic polymorphism. Although C++ allows a class to inherit from multiple parent classes, Fortran and several other OOP languages restrict or prohibit explicit multiple inheritance relationships in order to circumvent several pitfalls associated with them. Nonetheless, what appears as an intrinsic feature in one language can be modeled as a user-constructed design pattern in another language. The present paper demonstrates how to apply the facade structural design pattern to support a multiple inheritance class relationship in Fortran 2003. The design unleashes the power of the associated class relationships for modeling complicated data structures yet avoids the ambiguities that plague some multiple inheritance scenarios.

A Study on the Change in Facade Color Scheme Type and Pattern of Apartment Houses - Focused on Northwest Gyunggi-do -

A Study on the Change in Facade Color Scheme Type and Pattern of Apartment Houses - Focused on Northwest Gyunggi-do -

A Method for Detecting Windows from Mobile Lidar Data

This article describes how mobile lidar (light detection and ranging) data collection is a rapidly emerging technology where multiple georeferenced sensors (e.g., laser scanners, cameras) are mounted on a moving vehicle to collect real world data. The photorealistic modeling of large-scale real world scenes such as urban environments has become increasingly interesting to the vision, graphics, and photogrammetry communities. The article presents an automatic approach to window and facade detection from mobile lidar data. The proposed method combines bottom-up with top-down strategies to extract facade planes from noise lidar point clouds. The window detection is achieved through a two-step approach: potential window point detection and window localization. The facade pattern is automatically inferred to enhance the robustness of the window detection. The application potential presented in this article includes the generation of building facade models with street-level details and texture synthesis for producing realistic occlusion-free facade texture.

CATL 모델과 Facade 패턴을 이용한 TinyOS 기반 센서네트워크 시스템 클래스 재사용 개선

최근 소프트웨어 아키텍처 설계 시 재사용성의 효율성이 강조되어지고 있다. 이러한 설계의 재사용성은 소프트웨어의 품질을 높이고 유지보수 효율을 높일 수 있는 비용절감 요소로 많이 활용된다. 이러한 재사용관련 객체지향 설계에서 GoF 디자인 패턴은 반복적인 설계 문제에 대해 재사용성이 높은 해법을 제공하므로 그 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 이와 관련한 설계방법이 여러 응용시스템에서 적용되고 있다. 이중 다중 분산 센서네트워크 시스템에서 서로 다른 기능의 센서노드, 수집노드와 서버에서 수많은 컴포넌트와 클래스의 조합으로 시스템이 설계되어 복잡한 구조를 이루고 있다. 더군다나 이러한 시스템들은 개발자의 특정 목적에 맞추어 더욱 복잡한 시스템으로 변경되기도 한다. 본 논문은 TinyOS에 기반한 다중 분산되어진 센서네트워크 시스템에서 복잡하게 구현되어 있는 구조들을 클래스와 기능 등에 따라 재사용성의 효율성을 높이는 CATL 모델 구조를 설계하고 Facade 패턴을 응용하여 센서네트워크 시스템을 설계 하고자 한다. 이러한 모델구조와 패턴은 복잡한 센서네트워크 시스템에서 주요 기능들을 담당하는 클래스와 기능 들을 묶어 구조화함으로서 새로운 시스템의 설계나 변경 또는 유지보수 등에 효율적으로 활용될 것이라 판단된다. Recently, when software architecture is designed, the efficiency of reusability is emphasized. The reusability of the design can raise the quality of GIS software, and reduce the cost of maintenance. Because the object oriented GoF design pattern provides the class hierarchy that can represent repetitively, the importance is emphasized more. This method that designs the GIS software can be applied from various application systems. A multiple distributed sensor network system is composed of the complex structure that each node of the sensor network nodes has different functions and sensor nodes and server are designed by the combination of many classes. Furthermore, this sensor network system may be changed into more complex systems according to a particular purpose of software designer. This paper will design the CATL model by applying Facade pattern that can enhance the efficiency of reuse according to attributes and behaviors in classes in order to implement the complicated structure of the multiple distributed sensor network system based on TinyOS. Therefore, our object oriented GIS design pattern model will be expected to utilize efficiently for design, update, or maintenance, etc. of new systems by packing up attributes and behaviors of classes at complex sensor network systems.