Facade Decoration Research Articles

АРХІТЕКТУРА ТА ІСТОРЯ ЖИТЛОВОГО БУДИНКУ НА ВУЛ. ГОРОДОЦЬКА 117 У М. ЛЬВОВІ

Residential buildings of the 19th - early 20th centuries occupy an important place in the development of Lviv and form the general appearance of the city. Most of the buildings are in an unsatisfactory condition. Over time, due to lack of proper operation, low funding, and low level of awareness of residents, residential buildings of this period lose their authentic appearance and need professional restoration. Therefore, it is important to study the history of buildings. analysis of their composition, facade decoration and planning and spatial structure. The available information about the research object does not reveal all the historical data, and the description of preserved architectural elements and decor is also important. The researched residential building, is located in the Halytskyi administrative district on the Horodotska street, is an architectural monument of local importance, the protection number of the monument is 4290-Lv. The residential building combines the features of Neo-Romanesque and Neo-Moorish styles. In plan, it is close to a rectangle with a courtyard, has the appearance of a well house. The main part of the building is four-story, the back of the house is three-story with a basement floor. The planning structure is sectional with two stairwells. The main facade has a symmetrical composition with six axes. Under the windows of the third floor of the main facade there are six high reliefs, authored by Sigmund Kurchinsky. High-reliefs depict a plot with satyrs. In the interior of the gate and stairwells, molding, authentic ceramic tiles, and some joinery have been preserved. The monument meets the criterion of authenticity and preservation, has preserved its planning and spatial structure within the capital walls, decoration of facades and interiors. However, the state of preservation of the building is unsatisfactory, as there is significant damage to the decoration of the walls of the facades. In order to preserve and operate the monument, it is necessary to carry out repair and restoration works.

Late Ottoman Mardin houses: Stylistic tendencies in facade decoration and artistic encounters

Late Ottoman Mardin houses: Stylistic tendencies in facade decoration and artistic encounters

The colorful facade decorations of the secession style in Sofia. Sofia mineral baths and the recovering of missing elements

The report presents the national specific of the Secession style in the colourful ceramic decoration of some buildings in Sofia. The most representative between them are the church of St ?Nikolay Novi Sofiiski?, buildings of the Synodal Palace, the Central Mineral Baths, and the Higher Theological School at the Holy Synod, built and decorated between 1900 and 1922. They are the works of the architects Friedrich Gr?nanger, Yurdan Milanov and Petko Momchilov. The accent of the research is the ceramic decoration of the facades of the Central Mineral Baths in Sofia, by the project of Haralampi Tachev. The details of the types of ornaments are presented and analysed. The graphic designs for the restoration of the missing elements were considered. The impact of colour in the design of the facades is analysed. The peculiarities in the decoration and the connection of this style with the medieval elements, were examined. The connection of the facade solutions with the Bulgarian historical traditions of the early Middle Ages and Byzantium is explained through examples from Preslav, the capital of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This way the coloured ceramic tiles of the facades of the Central Mineral Baths are represented as an expression of the Bulgarian medieval tradition in the Secession style in Sofia. The colour facade interpretations of the buildings in Vienna, Paris and Prague of that period are presented for comparison and demonstration of the national differences, decisions and tasks of the Secession style.

Technical and Economic Aspects of the Choice of Enclosing Wall Structures with a Similar Heat Flow for Low-rise Housing Construction

This article is devoted to the analysis of multilayer enclosing structures used for the construction of exterior walls of low-rise buildings based on a comparison of thermal and economic indicators. For the calculations in this article, the most relevant and popular multilayer wall designs are selected. The object of the study is the structural solutions of multilayer wall enclosing structures in low-rise housing construction, which are used in the city of Krasnoyarsk. The subject of the study is: the influence of the composition of multilayer wall enclosing structures with a similar heat flow on the estimated cost of their construction for the city of Krasnoyarsk and the estimated cost of 1 square meter of each wall structure is determined. At the moment, the construction of low-rise residential buildings is gaining popularity and is supported by state programs both at the federal level and at the levels of the subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities. Low-rise housing construction is considered as one of the possibilities of solving the housing problem or improving housing conditions for the population. Multilayer enclosing structures with exterior facade decoration have been widely used in low-rise and multi-storey construction. As part of the study, we considered the most common types of multilayer structures and exterior wall facade finishing options, performed thermal engineering and cost estimates to determine the most profitable option for a multilayer wall structure in low-rise housing construction.

Study on Design and Planning of Modeling Facade of Urban High-rise Buildings

At present, when the government agencies in many cities approve the application for the construction of high-rise buildings, they must first evaluate the wind comfort and wind safety of high-rise buildings, and only when sufficient comfort and safety are proved will they be approved. The modeling of high-rise buildings is often not a single simple collection, but a complex body or group composed of multiple volumes. Whether its final modeling can become a harmonious and unified organic whole is the basis of forming the modeling order and aesthetic feeling of high-rise buildings. The interface between high-rise buildings and external space is facade, which plays an irreplaceable role in shaping architectural personality and creating environment, and is also closely related to the establishment of city image. Based on this, this paper analyzes the main points of the design and planning of urban high-rise building facade from the design and planning principles of urban high-rise building facade. Then according to the facade detail design, ecological design, facade decoration component design, improve the artistry and functionality of high-rise buildings.

Design of New LED Curtain Wall Controller and Its Effect in Architectural Decoration

In recent years, LED with high brightness or ultra-high brightness has appeared. Because of its low production cost, it has been widely used. Compared with other display media, LED has the advantages of rich display content, wide dynamic range, vivid picture, no pollution, long life, etc., so it is used in building curtain wall facade decoration. This research designs LED curtain wall control system, the use of SD600 chip dimming control of LED, the use of absorbing current mode LED drive, further design of single SD600 chip application circuit, multi-SD600 chip application circuit. LED curtain wall display text need to design the corresponding graphic processing hardware, the hardware is composed of ARM microprocessor LPC2210 and its related peripheral circuits. The core chip of the LPC2210 processor chip needs 1.8 V working voltage, and the I/O interface voltage is 3.3 V, so it is necessary to design the corresponding power circuit; The system clock is adjusted through the internal PLL circuit to make the system run faster and design its crystal oscillator circuit; The power monitoring chip CAT1025JI-30 is adopted to build reset circuit, 20-pin interface type JTAG interface circuit; It is considered that the UARTO interface can’t be directly connected with the RS232 interface of PC, the MAX3232 chip is introduced for level conversion, and the serial interface circuit based on LPC2210 is designed. In the experiment, the new technology is used for outdoor lighting LED curtain wall construction, and the development tool uses the ADS1.2 provided by ARM company. The μC/OS-II embedded operating system is introduced to control the graphic processing hardware resources, reading the file from the SD card, and writing the text file and BMP file into the three-dimensional array, the corresponding text and pattern effect are displayed in the LED curtain wall.

Research on the Application of CGAN in the Design of Historic Building Facades in Urban Renewal—Taking Fujian Putian Historic Districts as an Example

In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has widely influenced the design field, introducing new ideas to efficiently and systematically solve urban renewal design problems. The purpose of this study is to create a stylized generation technology for building facade decoration in historic districts, which will aid in the design and control of district style and form. The goal is to use the technical advantages of the conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) in image generation and style transfer to create a method for independently designing a specific facade decoration style by interpreting image data of historical district facades. The research in this paper is based on the historical district of Putian in Fujian Province and facilitates an experiment of image data acquisition, image processing and screening, model training, image generation, and style matching of the target area. The research found the following: (1) CGAN technology can better identify and generate the decorative style of historical districts. It can realize the overall or partial scheme design of the facade. (2) In terms of adaptability, this method can provide a better scheme reference for historical district reconstruction, facade renovation, and renovation design projects. Especially for districts with obvious decorative styles, the visualization effect is better. In addition, it also has certain reference significance for the determination and design of the facade decoration style of a specific historical building. (3) Lastly, this method can better learn the internal laws of the complex district style and form to generate a new design with a clear decoration style attribute. It can be extended to other fields of historical heritage protection to enhance practitioners’ stylized control of the heritage environment and improve the efficiency and capability of professional design.

Design of the Environment Architectural Traditions and Political Factor in the Development of Prykarpattia Cities

The purpose of the article is to outline the architectural traditions and problems of preserving the artistic image of the historical buildings of Prykarpattia cities. The article deals with the political factor of the urban architectural environment development in the Ivano-Frankivsk region. The process and specifics of the architectural environment transformation are comprehended, and its systematization by periods and stylistic signs is carried out. Research methods. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of different periods and field surveys and recordings conducted at two levels: a general overview and an in-depth analysis by groups of representative objects, which becomes the primary material for structural analysis. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the political factor in the development of the urban architectural environment of the Ivano-Frankivsk region. Conclusions. The political factor affected all stages of development and during the foundation of the Ivano-Frankivsk region cities. With the change of power, style concepts changed manifested in the decoration of facades and their decor. The artistic features of the renewal of the architectural environment largely depended on the guidelines of the ruling elite. Accordingly, the architectural environment of the cities of the Ivano-Frankivsk region developed under the cultural and artistic influences of Poland (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Soviet Union. Over the past decades, the influence of the political factor has been declining as a result of globalization, openness, accessibility and the revival of personal freedom of users, their tastes, and worldview. During the year, as a result of Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine, the political factor of urban development has been intensifying with renewed vigour, as issues of rebuilding particular fragments of the urban architectural environment have arisen, as well as the problem of the feasibility of adopting architectural solutions for defence construction from countries with military experience has become more relevant. The change in political relations causes a transformation of ideas related to architectural forms.

Ансамбль тверского Императорского путевого дворца: столичное и региональное в архитектурной истории памятника

The history of the formation of the ensemble of the Imperial Travel Palace in Tver goes back to the deep Middle Ages, when there were two palace complexes (Princely and Vladychny (Archbishop’s) on the territory of the Kremlin. The first one ceased to exist during the period of the Troubles of the beginning of the 17th century, and by the end of the 17th century Vladychny consisted of several stone buildings of the 15th — 17th centuries. This ensemble was severely damaged during the fire in 1736, which led to the creation of a new Archbishop’s palace, erected near the dismantled chambers. The building of the 1730s stood for less than 30 years, because in 1763 it was damaged by fire again. As a result, the building, built according to the project of the capital architect I. F. Michurin, was replaced by a palace complex, the construction of which was supervised by the Moscow architect P. R. Nikitin. At the same time, its baroque decorative forms with the inclusion of late medieval elements in the mid — second half of the 1760s gave way to openly Baroque architecture, and the project of this building was probably approved without much doubt by Catherine II, who decided in the 1770s to make the newly rebuilt Vladychny palace her residence in Tver. Since then, a new stage in the biography of this complex begins, but during the early 19th century another metropolitan master K. I. Rossi expertly deprived the Imperial Travel Palace of its original appearance, informing its facades with a classic style. And finally, the royal architect A. I. Rezanov in the 60s – 70s of the 19th century changed the facade decoration of the Tver Palace again, bringing it into the context of many-sided eclecticism.

Architectural decoration of Christian churches of the Eastern Black Sea region between 10<sup>th</sup>-11<sup>th</sup> centuries. The decorative system: an attempt of reconstruction

Research of many years on the architectural decoration of Christian churches in Abkhazia and Southern Ossetia resulted in many important discoveries, which transpired crucial for the exact attribution of many artefacts. They also enabled the identification of some hitherto unsuspected research subjects. The findings helped to outline the 10th-11th cent. context for the architecture to be placed in both in the Byzantine Empire as well as neighbour countries. However, the lapidary collections that originate from Abkhazia and Southern Ossetia did not receive sufficient attention. Therefore, they invite a separate study on the functionality of their reliefs. This study would focus upon altar barriers fragments rather than the fragments, which constitute the facades of the Christian churches.Studying similar monuments, which originate from places (such as modern Georgia, Armenia, as well as historic Asia Minor and other parts of the then Byzantine Empire) is nowadays impossible without modern research methods and devices, in particular, those, which enable researchers to do the 3D reconstruction. Such reconstruction would help to visualize otherwise lost historically important monuments as well as forms of their decoration.Such researches would decisively contribute to the study of the artistic culture of these countries, especially in the late 9th-early 11th cent., when they began to consider themselves to be different from the Byzantine "metropole".Reconstruction of altar barriers and the facade decoration and identification of common typological features may clearly show the actual influence of these cultures on the development of Christian culture in Southern Caucasus. The Authors see the importance in showing the convergence between the cultures of the neighbouring areas in the Caucasus. The research necessity of this subject is already reflected in many works from Georgia, Russian Federation, France etc. Their results clearly show that small forms (10th-11th cent.) and façade decoration of the Christian churches in Abkhazia and Southern Ossetia have not yet received a systematic study, especially, because the research has been focused on the paleochristian period.Altogether, the lands of Western Georgia (passes between Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Abkhazia, Southern Ossetia and Racha) played a decisive role in the formation of the original type of medieval Christian self-conscience as reflected in art.

Application of Intelligent Technology in Facade Style Recognition of Harbin Modern Architecture

The judgment of facade styles is an important part of the sustainable utilization and restorative process of historical architectures. Contemporary Harbin needs the help of modern architectural facade forms in the planning of the famous historic city, especially with the facade renovation of old architectures with non-cultural heritage. This paper discusses the possibility of applying advanced image recognition algorithms to the classification of the modern Harbin architectural facade styles and argues that the keys to the classification and positioning of the styles are the forms, the details, and the decorative patterns of the architectural facades, together with the deformation and the quantitative variation factors of the facade decoration symbols. Based on the conventional classification method, the facade styles of Harbin modern architecture were divided into 12 categories after data analysis. To better capture the overall structure information and the style features of the local components in the architectural images, the group convolution and the dilated convolution were added into the ResNet model, and then, the improved channel attention mechanism was introduced to construct a novel CA-MSResNet model. The CA-MSResNet model could more accurately identify the morphological elements and the style categories of the architectures, and the average accuracy reached 87.5%. These techniques, with their promising results, are expected to be further applied in the future research on the sustainable utilization and renovation of Harbin modern architecture.

ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ ОБРАЗНОСТЬ ФАСАДНОГО ДЕКОРА САНАТОРИЯ «ЭНЕРГЕТИК» В ГОРОДЕ ЯЛТЕ

The article considers the uniqueness of the architectural and artistic design of the facade decoration of the main building of the sanatorium "Energetik", built in 1950 in the city of Yalta, the Republic of Crimea, according to the project of Moscow architects K. K. Lopyalo and S. G. Deminsky. Archival and author's photographic images of the main building, bas-relief and plastic plot compositions, demonstrating the historical and cultural significance of the object, make it possible to conduct a multi-stage analysis to identify the compositional, artistic, and stylistic characteristics of the object under consideration. The study of decorative compositions reveals the orientation, historical and subject relationships, artistic features of the plot compositions in the facade decor of the main building of the sanatorium. The analysis also allows to determine the figurative and symbolic meaning of the exterior decoration, the cultural and stylistic connection with the architectural trends of the Soviet period, as well as the originality of the author's solution. The provisions identified during the analysis give grounds to distinguish the "Energetik" sanatorium complex among other Crimean health resorts, and put this object on a par with other outstanding recreational projects of the Soviet heritage built in southern Russia in the period from 1930s to 1950s.

KIẾN TRÚC PHÁP THUỘC TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HUẾ

Cho đến nay, các công trình kiến trúc thời kỳ Pháp thuộc vẫn đang ít được quan tâm nghiên cứu đúng mức dù chúng đóng một vai trò không thể thiếu của quỹ kiến trúc Huế. Dựa vào khảo sát thực địa bằng chụp ảnh, quan sát và đo vẽ, 55 công trình được phân thành 5 loại hình: công cộng, công sở, biệt thự/ nhà tư, tôn giáo, và công trình khác. Dựa vào hình khối kiến trúc, trang trí mặt đứng, kết cấu, vật liệu, những công trình này được chia thành 6 phong cách kiến trúc, đó là tân cổ điển, địa phương Pháp, Art Deco, kiến trúc kết hợp Âu - Á, tiền thuộc địa, và kiến trúc mới.. Nghiên cứu này đã phân tích và nêu đặc trưng các phong cách kiến trúc của các công trình thời Pháp thuộc tại Huế. Đây sẽ là cơ sở cho các bước nghiên cứu tiếp theo trong việc xác định giá trị quỹ kiến trúc Pháp thuộc tại Huế và định hướng giải pháp bảo tồn, phát huy giá trị trong tương lai.

Environmental Certification Objects Role in Architectural Design

The issues of ecological design of architectural objects using international (BREEM, LEED, DGNB) and national environmental standards in construction (GREEN ZOMM, SAR-SPZS) were studied. The number of certified buildings in Russia has been determined and systematized in various areas. A graphic analysis of buildings with an international environmental certificate has been carried out. The characteristic typical features of objects that meet the requirements of environmental standards regarding the arrangement of the adjacent territory, volumetric solutions, the choice of types of glazing, and the decoration of facades are highlighted. A new classification of environmentally certified buildings by architectural and compositional features is proposed: single parallelepipeds of regular shape; twin placement of volumes; volumes of a linear form; streamlined volumes; dynamic compositions with prominent elements. The main aspects for assessing the visual environmental sustainability of the objects under consideration are identified. Today, the formation of the architectural space takes place in a complex interaction of technological and environmental solutions, as evidenced by modern design experience. As part of the author’s scientific research, ways of developing further environmental certification of real estate in Russia are outlined.

Eco-trends in the decoration of facades of houses of modern industrial series

The purpose of the research is to study and systematize the solutions of facade structures for prefabricated and precast-monolithic construction. The article considers single-layer, two-layer and three-layer external wall panels. An analysis of design solutions was carried out in terms of ensuring energy efficiency requirements. Possible options for finishing buildings with external walls made of large-sized elements were analyzed, taking into account their design solutions. The scientific novelty of the article lies in considering the issue of facade decoration both from the point of view of architectural expressiveness and energy efficiency. It also compares the most common types of external wall panels based on the thermal characteristics and geometric dimensions of the materials used and, as a result, their economic feasibility. As a result of the analysis, it can be concluded that modern solutions for prefabricated external walls have great importance for the implementation of design solutions and finishing the facade of buildings from large-size prefabricated elements. The best indicators of all the options considered are the two-layer hinged and three-layer external wall panels.

СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ БАНКОВСКИХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ Г. ГУАНЧЖОУ КОНЦА XIX – НАЧАЛА XX В. НА ПРИМЕРЕ О. ШАМЯНЬ

The article is devoted to the architecture of European banking institutions in Guangzhou, built on the territory of Shamyan island in the late 19th – early 20th century. A brief historical excursion into the history of the formation of the British and French concessions is given. This publication examines the stylistic and compositional features of the architecture of such banking institutions as: Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation; The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China; International banking corporation (City Bank); Bank of Taiwan; Commercial Corporation of Mitsubishi; Yokogama Specie Bank; The E.D.Sassoon & Co.Ltd. и D. Sassoon Sons Co. Ltd; Bank of Indochina; China & France Industry Bank. A composite and stylistic analysis was conducted, an iconographic description of the buildings of the main banks located within the boundaries of the former European concessions on Shamyan Island is given The study reveals the general principles of the development of the architecture of banking institutions in Guangzhou. The materials and results of the research carried out by the authors of this article allowed us to formulate the following conclusions: 1. The territorial isolation of the Shamyan island from the Chinese part of Guangzhou, as well as the operation within the concessions of British and French laws, contributed to the fact that the development of the architectural ensemble of the island as a whole was carried out in line with the advanced West European architectural and urban trends. 2. Most of the banking buildings here are built in the eclectic style with the predominance of neoclassicism features, of course, this fact is connected with the desire of the owners of bank corporations to demonstrate to the clients and competitors the financial strength of their organizations. 3. In the architecture of the considered banking institutions there is an active use of tectonics and elements of the order system, colonnades, arcades, the allocation of the first floor in the form of a rustic plinth. The motifs of Renaissance architecture, Baroque and Art Nouveau are also traced. 4. The formation of the appearance of banking buildings in Shamyan was strongly influenced by local conditions. The hot and humid subtropical climate of the south of China contributed to the spread in the architecture of the structures of this type of order colonnades, forming deep open verandas, as well as the use of X-shaped creaks-elements to ensure the natural ventilation of buildings, which, in addition, became an expressive element of the facade decoration

The study of urban factors in the human comfort system

The modern format of people’s livelihoods is characterized by pronounced trends toward concentration in large settlements. These processes relate to the processes and technologies of urbanism. One of the key human problems in urbanism is the problem of comfort. The authors developed the structure of the formation of signs of human comfort by environmental factors, structure of human interaction with the physical components of the environment under urbanism. Studies show that the thermal load on a person increases in areas of urban space, where the surfaces of structures have a high density. The authors developed the system for generating thermal comfort for design of architectural objects in high temperature. Heat loss by convection requires external air movement. The article presents new scheme the surface microstructure of small local objects (for the facade decoration, objects of restrictive structures, window decorations and additional design objects of the urban environment). Additional layers of materials include heat-storing components. The development of a variety of design solutions based on the proposed concept will allow us to solve the problems of not only comfort in urbanism, but also to form new directions in the range of functional building materials and architectural objects.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОСЛЕВОЕННОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ФАСАДОВ ЗДАНИЙ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ЦЕНТРА ГОРОДА РОСТОВА-НА-ДОНУ

The author considers the combination of tradition and innovation in the solutions of decoration of facades destroyed during the great Patriotic war, their relationship and influence on the formation of a new "identity" of the city. Pre-war and post-war photographs, as well as modern photographs and measurements of the architecture of the historic city center, are a useful tool for understanding the processes of formation of the architectural and artistic appearance of urban development. The study of archival materials allows to get an impression of the projected changes in the development of the main highways as part of the post-war restoration, their implementation and the impact that they had on the historical development of the city. The purpose of this work is to identify techniques for artistic and stylistic solutions of building facades in the framework of post-war reconstruction. As a result of changes in the stylistic design of the facades of buildings of the main highways of the city, the he development becomes more concise and calm forms, eliminating all elements that do not meet the requirements and attitude to pre-war styles. New elements are introduced that emphasize the ideology of power. During the restoration work, the differentiation between the main highways and secondary buildings is emphasized. It arose as a result of the investment of fixed assets (financial, human, material) in the reconstruction of the main highways.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ОРНАМЕНТА КАБАРДИНЦЕВ И БАЛКАРЦЕВ В КАЧЕСТВЕ АРХИТЕКТУРНОГО ДЕКОРА ФАСАДОВ ЗДАНИЙ

the article presents the results of research on the use of the national ornament of the Kabardins and Balkars as an architectural decoration of facades of buildings, contributing to the increase of architectural and artistic expression of facades of buildings. Classification of the national ornament of the Kabardins and Balkars is given, stylized schemes of the national ornament are considered and variants of their placement on facades of buildings as an architectural decor are offered.

RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR INCREASING FUNCTIONAL-TYPOLOGICAL AND SPATIAL SOLUTIONS OF TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

The article analyzes the development ofKiev, from the analysis we see that the development of our city is formed from typical residential buildings built in 1955-1990. Typical residential houses have five main stages of their development. Each stage has contributed to the development of a constructive and planning solution for a residential building. Temporary indicators require new indicators of comfort. Typical residential buildings have several disadvantages. The layout of the apartment does not meet the requirements of the disabled, the lack of space for functional typological areas, such as a place for a washing machine, dressing rooms. Entrance groups of typical houses are not adapted for the mobility of persons with disabilities, there is no place for a stroller and no place for a concierge. Structures, communications and facades are in poor condition. The negative qualities of a residential building lead to the need for reconstruction. During the reconstruction, it is necessary to take into account the urban planning situation, the structural bearing system of the building, and the requirements of the population. The main requirement for housing, which determines the quality of comfort, is the conformity of the functional-typological zones to the requirements of a particular person, there should also be free space in the house, the facade decoration should be energy-saving. There are a number of techniques, namely: redevelopment within the existing structural system, the extension and superstructure of additional spaces, the organization of landscaping on the roof. Each of the techniques introduces additional positive qualities both in the planning decision and the facade composition, as well as the techniques make it possible to choose the direction in the reconstruction and improve the quality of typical residential buildings of 1955-1990.