Ансамбль тверского Императорского путевого дворца: столичное и региональное в архитектурной истории памятника

Abstract

The history of the formation of the ensemble of the Imperial Travel Palace in Tver goes back to the deep Middle Ages, when there were two palace complexes (Princely and Vladychny (Archbishop’s) on the territory of the Kremlin. The first one ceased to exist during the period of the Troubles of the beginning of the 17th century, and by the end of the 17th century Vladychny consisted of several stone buildings of the 15th — 17th centuries. This ensemble was severely damaged during the fire in 1736, which led to the creation of a new Archbishop’s palace, erected near the dismantled chambers. The building of the 1730s stood for less than 30 years, because in 1763 it was damaged by fire again. As a result, the building, built according to the project of the capital architect I. F. Michurin, was replaced by a palace complex, the construction of which was supervised by the Moscow architect P. R. Nikitin. At the same time, its baroque decorative forms with the inclusion of late medieval elements in the mid — second half of the 1760s gave way to openly Baroque architecture, and the project of this building was probably approved without much doubt by Catherine II, who decided in the 1770s to make the newly rebuilt Vladychny palace her residence in Tver. Since then, a new stage in the biography of this complex begins, but during the early 19th century another metropolitan master K. I. Rossi expertly deprived the Imperial Travel Palace of its original appearance, informing its facades with a classic style. And finally, the royal architect A. I. Rezanov in the 60s – 70s of the 19th century changed the facade decoration of the Tver Palace again, bringing it into the context of many-sided eclecticism.