Fabrication Of Transparent Conductive Films Research Articles

Synthesis of Ag nanowires with an aspect ratio higher than 2000 for the fabrication of transparent conductive film

Synthesis of Ag nanowires with an aspect ratio higher than 2000 for the fabrication of transparent conductive film

The Role of Mixed Reaction Promoters in Polyol Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio Ag Nanowires for Transparent Conducting Electrodes

In recent years, thin silver nanowires (Ag NWs) with diameters smaller than 150 nm have been synthesized by implementation of NaCl or FeCl3 as reaction promoters and high molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the capping agent. However, the yield of Ag NWs still remains low, mostly due to the insufficient aspect ratio (AR) of the synthesized nanostructures and the production of Ag nanoparticles, which is an undesirable by product. This study proposes a modified technique to alleviate the problem by using a mixture of FeCl3/CuCl2 as the reaction promoter and two different types of PVP with molecular weight of 360 k and 40 k as the capping agents. The appropriate mixtures of FeCl3/CuCl2 (molar ratio of 1.48:1.45) and PVP 360 k/40 k (molar ratio of 2:1) allow for the rapid synthesis of NWs with diameter of about 110 nm and length of up to 50 μm. It is revealed that the ARs of the synthesized NWs are much greater. The NWs are then used for the fabrication of transparent conductive films (TCFs). The obtained TCF prepared by a scalable, in-house, and cost-efficient spray apparatus possesses a transmittance of 91%, sheet resistance of 10 Ω/sq, and optical haze value of 6.6%. In fact, the AR of the NWs is increased as much as 1135%, and further the figure␣of merit of the TCFs is improved by as much as 2785%.

Fabrication of Transparent Conductive Film by Utilizing Pt Catalyst Particles

Fabrication of Transparent Conductive Film by Utilizing Pt Catalyst Particles

55‐4: XTPL approach to print conductive structures in microscale for next‐generation displays

Printing a wide range of nanomaterials and making the process scalable is the central problem for industries that are shaping the technological landscape of the XXI century. In this regard, the XTPL technology can be transforming for display industry. We mainly focus on three key aspects: repair of open defects, fabrication of transparent conductive films (TCFs), and deposition of quantum dots, which offers tremendous advantages of additive manufacturing.

Fabrication of Transparent Conductive Film with Flexible Silver Nanowires Using Roll‐to‐Roll Slot‐Die Coating and Calendering and Its Application to Resistive Touch Panel

AbstractA transparent conductive film incorporating silver nanowires (AgNW TCF) is fabricated through roll‐to‐roll (R2R) slot‐die coating and a subsequent calendering process and applied to a resistive touch panel. To produce a uniform AgNW film on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate, the R2R slot‐die coating is optimized in terms of the solvent, concentration, and flow rate of the AgNW solution, and the length of the AgNWs synthesized using a polyol method. The coated AgNW TCF is calendered between two rolls to produce percolation paths in the film. During the calendering, the roll temperature, applied pressure, and web speed are optimized to yield a low sheet resistance of 28 Ω sq−1 with a transmittance of 86% at 550 nm. To demonstrate the functionality of the AgNW TCF, a coating of SiO2 microspheres is also applied to form a spacer layer, again using R2R slot‐die coating. A resistive touch panel is thus successfully implemented. The effect of the calendering process is confirmed by observing the operation of the touch panel, which is found to be more sensitive and accurate. The integrated manufacturing process for producing an AgNW TCF, presented herein, can be applied to many other major fields.

Transparent conducting films of silver hybrid films formed by near-field electrospinning

Transparent conducting films (TCFs) are critical in the implementation of the low resistance TCFs of <30Ω/square at the transmittance of >90% for the realization of commercial devices such as LEDs and solar cells. We fabricate the hybrid structures of the spin-coated silver nanowire film and the electro-spun silver nanoparticle mesh in order to reduce the sheet resistance of TCFs at high transmittance. After the patterning of the electro-spun Ag NP mesh, the Ag NW solution was spin-coated on the top of the electro-spun mesh pattern. The Ag NP mesh functioned as a backbone to connect the electrically non-connected spaces between the Ag NWs. The fabrication of TCFs on an insulating substrate by near-field electrospinning (NFES) is very difficult because the insulating substrate blocks the electric field between the nozzle and collecting plate during electrospinning. We successfully fabricated the low-resistance microscale electrodes with a line width narrower than 100µm using NFES on an insulating substrate. In this study, we use a NFES as a tool for the easy and fast fabrication of microscale mesh electrodes without costly process steps.

Facile Preparation of Carbon-Nanotube-based 3-Dimensional Transparent Conducting Networks for Flexible Noncontact Sensing Device

ABSTRACTHere, we report the controllable fabrication of transparent conductive films (TCFs) for moisture-sensing applications based on heating-rate-triggered, 3-dimensional porous conducting networks of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). How baking conditions influence the self-assembled microstructure of the TCFs is discussed. The sensor presents high-performance properties, including a reasonable sheet resistance (2.1 kohm/sq), a high visible-range transmittance (&gt; 69 %, PET = 90 %), and good stability when subjected to cyclic loading (&gt; 1000 cycles, better than indium tin oxide film) during processing. Moreover, the benefits of these kinds of TCFs were verified through a fully transparent, highly sensitive, rapid response, noncontact moisture-sensing device (5×5 sensing pixels).

Rapid fabrication of transparent conductive films with controllable sheet resistance on glass substrates by laser annealing of diamond-like carbon films

We report a laser-based method for directly fabricating large-area, transparent conductive films with customizable electrical resistance on glass. In this method, a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film is deposited first on a glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition, which is then annealed in a helium shielding environment by a 2 kW continuous-wave fiber laser with a wavelength of 1070 nm, which is transparent to glass but is absorbed by DLC to transform the amorphous carbons to graphene. When a 510 nm thick film was annealed at a scanning speed of 1 m/s by a 200 μm top-hat laser beam, the sp3 fraction was decreased from 43.1% to 8.1% after the annealing process, and the transformed film showed a transparency of ∼80% (at 550 nm) and a sheet resistance of ∼2050 Ω/sq. We also showed that sheet resistance and transparency can be controlled by changing processing parameters. To show the scalability of the method, a 15 mm wide line beam was used to produce a 15 mm × 15 mm film. This method is simple, fully scalable, transfer-free and catalyst-free, and we believe that the fabricated films can have many applications with further research, such as transparent heating films, electromagnetic shielding films, and transparent electrodes.

New insights into the oxidation of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the fabrication of transparent conductive films

Transparent conductive films (TCFs) based on oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are not typically fabricated because this type of SWCNT includes sp3 carbon centers, which impede carrier transport. The acidic carbonaceous fragments (ACFs) that are created during oxidative reactions act as dispersing agents, enabling the dispersion of SWCNTs without additives. However, the structure of ACFs prohibits carrier transport in networks; thus removal of ACFs from the SWCNT networks is essential for improving TCF performance. In this work, we used this idea in order to fabricate ACF-free high-performance TCFs based on oxidized SWCNTs. The ACFs were initially used as dispersing agents. They were then dissolved and removed after the formation of a SWCNT network. The functional groups introduced onto the oxidized SWCNTs were mainly distributed across ACFs, whereas the SWCNTs remained unmodified. The removal of the ACFs improved the performances of the TCFs. As the sizes of the unmodified SWCNT bundles decreased, the performances of the oxidized-SWCNT-based TCFs improved (σdc/σop=14.7), providing properties comparable to those of films prepared using a surfactant-stabilized dispersion.

Molecular level controlled fabrication of highly transparent conductive reduced graphene oxide/silver nanowire hybrid films

Due to the scalability of production and the convenience in processing, graphene oxide (GO) has become an important precursor for the fabrication of transparent conductive films (TCFs). Developing a method to reduce the high contact resistance between the GO sheets, which is mainly due to the presence of a huge number of intersheet junctions, is the key for these applications. Here, we demonstrate a method of molecular level controlled fabrication of hybrid TCFs composed of 1-dimensional (1D) silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and 2-dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The ultra-large graphene oxide (UL-GO) sheets were transferred onto the quartz substrate via the Langmuir–Blodgett (L–B) method and then covered with Ag NW by the spin-coating method. The hybrid film was then reduced by chemical reduction using hydrazine hydrate. Upon varying the amount of Ag NW, the reduced UL-GO/Ag NW hybrid films show low sheet resistance ranging 13 to 48 Ω sq−1 with optical transmittance ranging from 71.9% to 91.2%. The direct current (DC) to optical conductivity ratio of the hybrid films can reach up to 81, which is comparable to that of indium tin oxide (ITO).

Deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) particles using standing surface acoustic waves and electrostatic deposition method for the rapid fabrication of transparent conductive film

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) were utilized as an actuator source to deposit a thin film of conductive polymer material (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene–poly(styrenesulfonate)/PEDOT:PSS), which can be used as a flexible, transparent, and conductive film. A standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) mode and high electrostatic force were used to generate a strong and stable atomization process, and efficient deposition conditions. Several parametrical studies were conducted by varying the particle concentration, droplet volume, input voltage, the distance between the SAW device and the collector electrode, and the number of the SAW's excitation electrode, in order to clarify the optimum atomization and deposition conditions. The SAW device's deposition performance was also characterized by measuring the deposition results with regard to film roughness and uniformity, and the throughput.

Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoribbon Networks: A Novel Approach towards Scalable Fabrication of Transparent Conductive Films

An innovative approach is developed for the high-throughput, large-area, and low-cost fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanoribbon networks by using electrospun polymer-based nanowires as the etching mask. Combined with their tunable, controllable structures and transmittance/conductivity properties, the as-fabricated RGO nanoribbon networks exhibit potential as transparent conductive film electrodes, for example, in electrochromic devices.

Development of a simple method for fabrication of transparent conductive films with high mechanical strength

We have developed a simple method of fabricating transparent conductive films with a high mechanical strength on glass and indium tin oxide substrates. It does not require a large excess of organic solvents and polymerization catalysts and can yield smooth films by spin-coating of a mixture of a commercially available aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrene sulfonate) and a neat liquid of tetraethyl orthosilicate. Preparation conditions such as feed ratio, kinds of additives, and annealing temperature and time were optimized to give highly conductive, transparent and mechanically strong films.

Fabrication of transparent conductive films with a sandwich structure composed of ITO/Cu/ITO

New transparent conductive films that had a sandwich structure composed of ITO/Cu/ITO multilayer films were prepared by a conventional RF and DC magnetron sputtering process on a polycarbonate substrate without intentional substrate heating. The thickness of each layer in the ITO/Cu/ITO films was kept constant at 50 nm/5 nm/45 nm. The optoelectrical and structural properties of the films were compared with conventional ITO single-layer films and ITO/Cu/ITO multilayered films. Although both films had identical thickness, 100 nm, the ITO/Cu/ITO films showed a lower resistivity, 3.5 × 10 −4 Ω cm. In optical transmittance measurements, however, the ITO single-layer films showed a higher transmittance of 74% in the wavelength range of 300–800 nm. XRD spectra showed that both the ITO and ITO/Cu/ITO films were amorphous. The figure of merit, φ TC, reached a maximum of 5.2 × 10 −4 Ω −1 for the ITO/Cu/ITO films, which was higher than the φ TC of the ITO films (1.6 × 10 −4 Ω −1). The φ TC results suggested that ITO/Cu/ITO films had better optoelectrical properties than conventional ITO single-layer films.

3121. Fabrication of transparent conductive films by sputter deposition

3121. Fabrication of transparent conductive films by sputter deposition