Fabrication Of Provisional Restorations Research Articles

Knowledge Awareness and Practice of Different Temporization Techniques Used for Dental Implants - A Survey

When a patient loses his anterior teeth, there is psychological and emotional distress seen in the patient. Replacing the missing tooth has been a long term success in the field of prosthodontics. Dental implants have a vital role in fixedly replacing the missing tooth. The average lifespan and expectancy for a dental implant prosthesis and restoration may be of high expectation. The healing phase of the implant is critical, and when a patient gets a dental implant in anterior teeth, the waiting period also plays an important role. Fabrication of provisional restorations or temporization is an essential procedure in fixed prosthodontics. Fabricating the provisional restoration or immediately loading the implant after the placement comes as a challenge for prosthodontics to restore the function and esthetics. The choice of the temporary restoration may vary from patient to patient and is possible only when an individual has adequate knowledge about the different techniques and the best provisionalization techniques. Immediate loading protocols for dental implants have many advantages by reducing the time, promotes gingival healing and mainly helps in the psychological satisfaction of the patient. Hence this study aims to analyze the knowledge, awareness and practice among dental practitioners and students regarding the provisionalization technique and the method used during the dental implant placement..

Fabrication of Porcelain Veneer Provisional Restorations: A Critical Review

Fabrication of provisional restorations for porcelain veneers can be a difficult and time-consuming procedure, often being poorly done or even omitted altogether at times which can lead to undesired consequences. The purpose of this article is to review and describe several of the most commonly used techniques for fabrication of provisional restorations for porcelain veneers. The clinical techniques include direct composite resin, indirectly fabricated provisionals, direct-indirect technique, rapid simplified veneer provisional system (RSVP), and the shrink wrap technique. These methods will be described in detail for each technique, along with the indications and contraindications thus providing the practitioner with guidelines to assist in selection of the provisionalization technique best suited for the clinical scenario.

Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of anterior provisional restorations fabricated using conventional and digital techniques - An in vitro study.

Comparative evaluation of the fracture resistance of anterior provisional crowns fabricated by conventional and digital techniques. Department of Prosthodontic, PGIDS, Rohtak, An in-vitro - Comparative study. Thirty recently extracted maxillary central incisors were handpicked. Tooth preparation was done according to the principles of tooth preparation. A single-step impression technique was used for impression making of the prepared tooth and stone models were poured. Extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 each) based on provisional crown fabrication technique. A bis-acryl-based (Protemp 4 3M ESPE) resin was used to fabricate the provisional crowns by the conventional indirect technique. The rest of the stone models (20) were scanned using lab scanner (Dentsply Sirona InLab EOS X5). CAD/CAM provisional material (Dentsply Sirona multilayer PolyMethyl Methacrylate) PMMA disc was used for fabrication of provisional restoration through milling technique. 3D printed temporary provisional material (NextDent C&B resin) was utilized for 3D printed provisional crowns. Cementation of provisional crowns was done using eugenol free temporary luting cement (Templute, Prime dental). All cemented provisional crowns were subjected to load under Universal Testing Machine. The maximum load to produce fracture for each specimen was recorded in Newton (N). Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to test the normality of data. Kruskal- Wallis Test was used to compare the mean fracture resistance between all the groups. For intergroup comparison Mann-Whitney U Test was used. The mean fracture resistance of group I (Conventional technique) was found to be 558.8459700 ± 22.33 N; for group II (CAD/CAM technique) 960.8427200 ± 37.49 N and for group III (3D Printed technique) 1243.1774000 ± 68.18 N. Group I had the least fracture resistance value while group III showed maximum value. Provisional crowns fabricated using 3-D printing technique showed higher fracture resistance followed by CAD/CAM technique and conventional technique. Additive manufacturing of provisional crowns using 3-D printing technique could be considered a reliable and conservative method for the fabrication of stronger provisional restorations.

Effect of Three Different Cooling and Insulation Techniques on Pulp Chamber Temperature during Direct Temporization with Polymethyl methacrylate-based Resin

This in vitro study evaluates and compares the changes in pulp chamber temperature during direct fabrication of provisional restorations in maxillary central incisors after using three different cooling techniques. Total of 60 samples of maxillary central incisors along with their putty indices were divided into four groups (one control and three experimental) and were prepared using a surveyor cum milling machine. Teeth were sectioned 2 mm below cementoenamel junction and a K-type thermocouple wire was inserted in the tooth and secured at the pulpal roof using amalgam. Putty index filled with DPI tooth molding resin material [polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)] was placed on the tooth and temperature changes per 5 seconds were recorded by temperature indicating device for the control, on-off, precooled putty, and dentin bonding agent (DBA) group. The highest mean obtained was of the control (11.04°C), followed by DBA group (9.53°C), precooled putty group (6.67°C), and on-off group (1.94°C). Precooled putty index group took maximum time to reach the baseline temperature (847.5 seconds). On-off technique is the most effective method to reduce the intrapulpal temperature during polymerization, as compared to the other techniques used in the study. Retardation in the polymerization process was seen in precooled putty group, which may make this technique clinically inadvisable. Thermal protection of pulp must always be considered during direct fabrication of provisional restoration when a PMMA-based resin is used. By using on-off technique, not only the thermal insult to the pulp can be effectively minimized but also the harmful effects of residual monomer (poor marginal fit and pulpal irritation) can be eliminated.

Evaluation Of Commonly Used Technique For Fabrication Of Provisional Restoration In Fixed Partial Dentures Among Dental Students - An Institution Based Retrospective Study

Evaluation Of Commonly Used Technique For Fabrication Of Provisional Restoration In Fixed Partial Dentures Among Dental Students - An Institution Based Retrospective Study

Characterization of the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM polymers for interim fixed restorations.

This study investigated some mechanical properties of five CAD/CAM materials used for the fabrication of provisional restorations and tooth segments for digitally fabricated dentures. The CAD/CAM blocks were sectioned into bars for flexural strength and elastic modulus testing (n=80), and for surface microhardness (n=80). Half of the specimens were water-stored for 30 days while the other half was dry-stored. Additional specimens were prepared for bond strength (n=40). A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to detect the effect of material and water storage (α=0.05). Statistical software (IBM SPSS Statistics v21; IBM) was used for conducting all analyses. Material type and storage significantly affected the flexural strength, flexural modulus and microhardness (p<0.001). The type of material did not have a significant effect on bond strength (p>0.05). The tested materials showed variation in their flexural properties and surface microhardness whereas their bonding properties with resin luting cement were similar.

Effects of Different Storage Conditions on Mechanical Properties of CAD/CAM Restorative Materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanical properties of six new-generation all-ceramic materials for CAD/CAM (Lava Ultimate [LU], VITA Mark II [VM], InCoris TZI [IC], IPS e.max CAD [EM], VITA Suprinity [VS], IPS Empress CAD [EC]) and two different provisional restoration CAD/CAM materials (Telio CAD [TC], Vita CAD-Temp [VC]) after different storage conditions. 36 bar-shaped samples of 4 mm in width and 14 mm in length with 1.2 mm thicknesses were prepared from each material group (N=288). The specimens from each material were kept under three different storage conditions (n=12): under dry conditions at room temperature; 37°C distilled water for 7 days; and 37°C distilled water for 7 days followed by 10,000 thermal cycles. All specimens were subjected to a 3-point flexural test with a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The specimens were loaded until failure. Twelve fractured specimens after the flexural test from each group were used for the Vickers hardness test (under 300 gf of loading in 15 seconds). The flexural modulus, flexural strength and Vickers hardness values were separately analyzed with two-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p&lt;0.05. There were statistically significant differences between materials and storage conditions according to flexural modulus, flexural strength and Vickers hardness values (p&lt;0.05). The flexural strength, flexural modulus and Vickers hardness values of LU, VC, TC, VS and IC decreased after water storage followed by thermal cycling (p&lt;0.05). The mechanical properties of provisional restoration CAD/CAM materials had showed a significantly decrease after water storage followed by thermal cycles but their mechanical properties were acceptable for fabrication of provisional restorations. The mechanical properties of VM, EC and EM were not affected by different storage conditions whereas IC and VS were affected.

Effect of Dentin Bonding Agent on Intrapulpal Temperature during Fabrication of Provisional Restorations by a Direct Method: An In Vitro Study

To determine the effect of three different provisional restorative materials (PRMs) and application of dentin bonding agent (DBA) on intrapulpal temperature rise during fabrication of provisional crowns using a direct method. Three PRMs-polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA), bis-acrylic resin, and dimethyl methacrylate resin (DMMA)-were used in the study. Dentin bonding agent (Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE, Germany) was applied in a single layer or double layer as an insulating material. A total of 45 molars were prepared for complete coverage restoration with chamfer finish line and 1.5 mm axial and 2 mm occlusal reduction. After application of a single or double layer of DBA, provisional materials were polymerized according to the manufacturer's instructions. The temperature increase inside the pulp chamber was measured with a T-type thermocouple wire. The readings were averaged for each group to determine the mean value of temperature rise. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey test (a = 0.05). The temperature rise varied according to the provisional restoration material used (PMMA > DMMA > bis-acrylic resin) (p < 0.001) and the single or double layer of DBA (p < 0.001). Polymethyl methacrylate resin produced a higher intrapulpal temperature. Application of a double layer of DBA resulted in a significantly lower intrapulpal temperature.

Effect of simulated pulpal blood flow rate on the rise in pulp chamber temperature during direct fabrication of exothermic provisional restorations.

To evaluate exvivo the effect of several simulated pulpal blood flow rates on the change in pulp chamber temperature during direct fabrication of a provisional restoration using a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin. Fifteen noncarious human premolars were prepared for complete coverage restorations. A curved needle connected to a peristaltic pump simulated the pulp blood flow. Two K-type thermocouples connected to a digital thermometer were placed in the pulp chamber, and the assembly was placed in an incubator at 37°C. Three provisional crowns were made for each specimen using no water flow (group 1), a 1-mLmin-1 flow rate (group 2) and a 0.5-mL/min-1 flow rate (group 3). The pulp chamber temperature was recorded continuously during polymerization until the temperature increase peaked and started to decrease and reached the baseline temperature (37°C). The temperature increase was measured for the three water flow conditions. Data were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics, repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (anova) with Greenhouse-Geisser correction and Bonferroni tests. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. All of the groups were associated with an increased pulp chamber temperature. Groups with flow rates at 1 and 0.5mLmin-1 had a significantly lower temperature rise when compared to the group without water flow (P<0.001). Direct fabrication of provisional restorations can cause a critical increase in pulp chamber temperature. However, in the presence of simulated pulpal blood flow rates of 1 or 0.5mLmin-1 , the increase in pulp chamber temperature did not exceed the critical threshold (5.6°C).

Comparison of temperature rise in pulp chamber during polymerization of materials used for direct fabrication of provisional restorations: An in-vitro study.

Objective:The purpose is to compare temperature rise in the pulp chamber during fabrication of provisional crowns using different materials and on different types of teeth using direct technique.Materials and Methods:An extracted, sound, caries free maxillary central incisor and a mandibular molar were selected for the study and crown preparations of all ceramic and all metal were done on central incisor and mandibular molar, respectively. Materials tested were DPI tooth molding self-curing material and protemp-4. Addition silicone putty was used as a matrix and 80 provisional crowns were fabricated, of which 40 were on central incisor and 40 on mandibular molar. Depending on the type of material used, they were further divided into two subgroups: Each comprising 20 provisional crowns. Temperature readings were recorded using K type of thermocouple with 0.1°C precision digital thermometer.Statistical Analysis Used:Analysis of variance, Tukey honest significant difference and Kruskall–Wallis H-test.Results:Statistically significant difference exists between two materials tested on the basis of peak temperature achieved and time taken by a particular material to reach peak temperature. Peak temperature achieved was highest for provisional crowns with DPI tooth molding self-curing material on maxillary central incisor (40.39 + 0.46), followed by DPI tooth molding self-curing material on mandibular molar (40.03 + 0.32), protemp-4 on maxillary central incisor (39.46 + 0.26) and least with protemp-4 on mandibular molar (39.09 + 0.33). The time taken to reach peak temperature was almost double in DPI tooth molding self-curing material (5 min) than in protemp-4.Conclusion:Polymethyl methacrylate resin produced higher intra-pulpal rise when compared to newer generation bis-acrylic composite.

Fabrication of provisional restoration on freshly prepared tooth: indirect and direct technique

Background: Provisional restorations are fabricated to protect the prepared tooth structure during period between the preparation and the final restoration, and the techniques applied are direct, indirect and indirect direct. Various materials are used to fabricate provisional restoration, such as, preformed crown, acrylic, metal shell, composite, etc. Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the advantages of fabrication of provisional restorations by indirect technique over direct technique. Methods: This prospective comparative study carried out in the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2006 to December 2007, included 20 patients each for insertion of provisional restorations fabricated by indirect (group A) and direct (group B) technique. Outcome was evaluated on the basis of marginal adaptation, biocompatibility and aesthetic status. Results: On day 7 of provisional restoration, grade I marginal adaptation were observed in 75% and 40% of group A and group B patients, respectively, and on day 15 were 75% and 20%, respectively. Grade I biocompatibility on day 7 of group A patients were 100% and group B 30%, and on day 15 was 95% and 35%, respectively. Grade I aesthetic status on day 7 were in 100% of both group A and group B patients, and on day 15 was 95% and 85%, respectively. None of the patients was in grade III, either in marginal adaptation, biocompatibility or aesthetic status. Conclusion: Indirect provisional restoration is better and safer in relation to marginal adaptation, biocompatibility and aesthetic status.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21560 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.59-64

Hinged single piece putty index for preclinical demonstration of tooth preparation for fixed partial dentures and crowns.

Different types of indices are being used for assessment of tooth preparation. All these indices are used to visualize tooth preparations in a particular plane. A single versatile index which could help to visualize tooth preparations in different planes is non-existent. The need for fabrication of such an index and its reliability is of utmost important to provide quality tooth preparations. The purpose of the study is to fabricate a hinged single piece sectioned index which could be used to visualize tooth preparation in different planes and check its reliability in-vitro on phantom models. Ten preclinical students were selected in random for preparing three teeth each. The three teeth preparations are classified as Group A, Group B and Group C based on the non-usage of index, usage of sectioned index and hinged single piece sectioned index respectively. Students were made to do provisional restorations after the tooth preparations. Then a questionnaire was given to students to score the duration/accuracy/comfort during tooth preparation and duration/accuracy of provisional restorations for each of the Groups A,B and C. In Group C, 90% of students found the final preparation to be very accurate. The time taken for fabrication of provisional restoration using sectioned hinged index by 60% of Group C students was 20 to 30 min. This hinged index is a viable option when accuracy of tooth preparation and speedy fabrication of provisional restoration is required.

Flexural Strength of Provisional Crown and Fixed Partial Denture Resins both with and without Reinforced Fiber

Fabrication of provisional restorations is an important procedure in fixed prosthodontics. Provisional restorations must satisfy the requirements of pulpal protection, positional stability, occlusal function, ability to be cleansed; margin accuracy, wear resistance, strength, and esthetics

Effect of dentin desensitizing procedures on methyl methacrylate diffusion through dentin.

Acrylic and bisacryl resins are widely used both during the temporization phase as well as for provisional restorations and the effect of external agents on dentin sensitivity can be reduced by the obliteration of the tubules. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diffusion of methyl methacrylate monomer through dentin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after three different desensitizing procedures during the fabrication of two different provisional crown materials. Forty extracted restoration and caries free human premolar teeth were used in this study. Thermoplastic vacuum formed material was used as a matrix to fabricate provisional restorations for each tooth before crown preparation. Teeth were prepared for a metal supported ceramic crown with 1 mm shoulder margins and then crown parts were separated from cementoenamel junction with a carborundum disk perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth. To the cementoenamel junction of each tooth a polypropylene chamber was attached that contains 1.5 cm 3 of deionized distilled water. Prepared teeth were divided into four groups ( n = 10) including control, desensitizing agent (DA) application, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser irradiation (LI), and LI after DA application groups. After application of DA (except control) each group were divided into two subgroups for fabrication of provisional restorations ( n = 5). Two autopolymerizing provisional materials (Imident (Imicryl) and Systemp C and B (Ivoclar, vivadent)) were used to fabricate provisional restorations using the strips. Water elutes were analyzed by HPLC at 10 min and 24 h. The monomer diffusion values varied statistically according to desensitizing procedures, provisional resin systems, and the time periods. Monomer diffusion through dentin surfaces desensitized with Nd: YAG LI after DA application was the lowest. Nd: YAG LI in association with DA application is an effective combination to eliminate monomer diffusion through dentin to pulpal chamber.

An indirect technique for assuring simplicity and marginal integrity of provisional restorations during full mouth rehabilitation

Full mouth rehabilitation with fixed prosthodontics can be a time- and labor-intensive process. The use of provisional restorations allows the treating clinician to determine the functional and esthetic requirements of the definitive prostheses. However, in the case of full mouth rehabilitation, the individual preparation of provisional restorations for multiple teeth may complicate the provisional phase and increase the treatment time. This article describes a method to simplify the indirect fabrication of provisional restorations for full mouth reconstruction. Provisional restorations may be easily achieved by splinting the provisional restorations in sextants, trimming them according to red pencil marks around the prepared margins as guidelines, and fitting them in the laboratory, utilizing a second set of solid casts for the prepared teeth.

A Technique to Facilitate the Fabrication of Provisional Restorations for ITI Solid Abutments

The aim of this technique report was to present a procedure for the fabrication of provisional restorations for ITI solid abutments using impression caps in the laboratory with a number of advantages over intraoral techniques. There may be no need for cementation, and elimination of cementation may assist tissue healing.

Fabrication of Provisional Restoration Using Direct Technique

OPEN ACCESSDecember 6, 2011Fabrication of Provisional Restoration Using Direct Technique Mercedes Porter, DDS, Rainer Adarve, DDS, MS, MHPE Mercedes Porter, DDS University of Minnesota School of Dentistry - Division of Prosthodontics Google Scholar More articles by this author , Rainer Adarve, DDS, MS, MHPE University of Minnesota School of Dentistry - Restorative Sciences Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.9055 SectionsAbout ToolsDownload Citations ShareFacebookTwitterEmail AbstractAbstractDental students learning fixed prosthodontics should have the conceptual understanding and procedural skills that allow them to prepare teeth for full coverage restorations and also to fabricate provisional restorations for these teeth. Fabrication of a provisional restoration is a clinical skill that a dental student should be able to demonstrate. This resource provides a stepwise approach to learning how to fabricate provisional restorations for full gold and porcelain fused to metal crowns. Faculty can use this module as an adjunct to their teaching. The module can provide faculty members who have different teaching styles with a consistent method of making provisional restorations that achieve desirable results and meet the evaluation criteria. This module is used by dental students in a preclinical setting. It is intended to allow self-guided and self-paced instruction with or without the assistance of faculty. In order for the module to be employed, students should be proficient in the fundamentals, principles, and skills involved in preparing typodont teeth for full coverage restorations. This resource should be thoroughly reviewed before beginning the restoration fabrication procedures and should be followed step-by-step to achieve the goals of successful provisional fabrication. The purposes of each characteristic of an ideal restoration should be reviewed and learned prior to fabrication so that the evaluation criteria can be used effectively. This resource has been utilized in the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry preclinical Fixed Prosthodontic course for the past 2 years. Students are given a lecture about this procedure and then allowed to use this resource during their preclinical laboratory time to fabricate provisional restorations. This resource is supplemented by faculty feedback; however, this feedback time can be more effectively spent addressing specific questions and/or pitfalls rather than setting up and providing live demonstrations. Students appreciate having detailed, step-by-step instructions to follow even in the absence of faculty. Educational Objectives By the end of this module, learners will be able to: Describe the steps in fabricating a provisional restoration using direct technique.Manipulate materials such as Exaflex putty matrix material and Protemp provisional material.Fabricate provisional restoration using direct technique.Mix putty and fabricate matrix.Prepare and dispense Protemp provisional material.Fill putty matrix with Protemp, place onto typodont tooth, and remove putty matrix.Trim, polish, and evaluate provisional restoration. Sign up for the latest publications from MedEdPORTAL Add your email below FILES INCLUDEDReferencesRelatedDetails FILES INCLUDED Included in this publication: Instructor's Guide.pdf Fabrication of Provisional Restoration Using Direct Technique.pdf To view all publication components, extract (i.e., unzip) them from the downloaded .zip file. Download editor’s noteThis publication may contain technology or a display format that is no longer in use. Copyright & Permissions© 2011 Porter and Adarve. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives license.KeywordsFull Gold CrownPorcelain Fused to Metal RestorationProvisional Fabrication Direct TechniqueCrownsRestoration Disclosures None to report. Funding/Support None to report. Loading ...

The Indirect Working Die Technique for Fabrication of Provisional Restorations

Abstract This resource contains a 32-minute video that guides learners through the IWDT process. An instructor's guide is also included to provide additional information. Whether a treatment plan c...

A Comparative Evaluation of Temperature Changes in the Pulpal Chamber during Direct Fabrication of Provisional Restorations: An In Vitro Study

To compare the temperature changes in the pulpal chamber during fabrication of provisional restorations by direct method. A total of 108 three-unit FPD provisional restorations were fabricated on a study model and divided into three main groups according to the material used for the fabrication of matrix. Group A-Alginate impression index group, Group B-Polyvinylsiloxane putty impression index group, Group C-Vacuum formed template group. Each group comprising of 36 specimens, was subdivided into three subgroups based on the provisional restorative material used: polymethylmethacrylate (subgroup 1), polyethylmethacrylate (subgroup 2), bis-acryl composite resin (subgroup 3). Intrapulpal temperature changes were observed with the help of a thermocouple probe (connected to a digital microprocessor thermometer) inserted into the pulp chamber of an extracted mandibular second molar mounted on a study model, during the fabrication of provisional restorations by direct method. The subgroups mean temperature rise observed in Group A-A1, A2, A3 was 2.6250±0.2491, 1.0500±0.1382, 0.4083±0.1165, respectively. The subgroups mean temperature rise observed in Group B-B1, B2, B3 was 4.6250±0.2454, 3.3750±0.3415, 2.5917±0.2678, respectively. The subgroups mean temperature rise observed in Group C-C1, C2, C3 was 4.7694±1.8361, 3.0611±1.5767, 2.3806±1.5713, respectively. The observations were statistically significant. The intrapulpal temperature rise during fabrication of a provisional restoration depended both on the type of provisional restorative material and the type of matrix used. The clinician should choose carefully the resin and the matrix material while fabricating provisional restorations with direct method.

Techniques of Fabrication of Provisional Restoration: An Overview

A properly fabricated provisional restoration is important in achieving a successful indirect restoration. The importance of provisional restorations as an integral part of fixed prosthodontic treatment is evident from the abundance of the literature pertaining to their importance regarding margin fidelity, function, occlusion, and esthetics. There are a variety of techniques available to suit the individual needs of the clinician and of the clinical situation, from a single unit to a complete-arch provisional fixed prostheses.