The photovoltaic cell is considered to be a promising device for some special applications, such as communication networks, water pumping, educational television systems and so on in developing countries such as Thailand. However, the high cost and sophisticated fabrication techniques of photovoltaic cells seem to be the major barriers against its utilization in developing countries. Photovoltaic cells produced by developed countries should possess high efficiency of 10–15% in order to become economical under their manufacturing conditions, such as high investment in technological development, high rate of labour, raw materials, etc. Hopefully, development of appropriate technology for photovoltaic cell fabrication and application in developing countries will prove that it is possible to overcome such a barrier. The efficiency of 8–10% might be economical under appropriate conditions of developing countries, such as using local raw materials, low-cost and easy-to-fabricate techniques, etc. Several years have been spent in tracing the technical know-how of the photovoltaic cell fabrication process which has been conducted in developed countries, such as Japan, U.S.A. and France. It has been found that low quality of local consumable materials and local infrastructure degrade the efficiency of the cells. Therefore, photovoltaic research and development in Thailand must aim at the appropriate technology to serve the local need and to utilize the local resources. Paint-on diffusion at low temperature was investigated. This technique was used to produce a thin and heavily doped layer on silicon wafers. The impurity source is either P 2O 5 or B 2O 3 which is soluble in a suitable solvent. Anodic oxidation at room temperature was performed to achieve a passivation layer and peeled-off layer of silicon surface. Ohmic contact or Schottky contact was constructed by nickel electroless plating. Chemical vapor deposition of SnO 2 was studied to produce anti-reflection and transparent electrodes of photovoltaic cells. SnO 2 is considered to be an appropriate material because it is one of the abundunt national resources of Thailand. Photovoltaic cells fabricated by these techniques show a satisfactory efficiency of 5–10%.