Fabrication Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Facile fabrication of redox nanoparticles loaded with exosomal-miRNAs and resveratrol as glycation inhibitor in alleviating the progression and development of diabetic cataract.

Diabetic cataract (DC) represents a highly prevalent ocular manifestation resulting from diabetes often culminating in vision impairment among individuals with diabetes. Regrettably, the armamentarium of pharmaceutical interventions capable of both delaying and thwarting the onset of DC remains conspicuously sparse. Based on contemporary investigations, the pathogenesis of DC is prominently influenced by oxidative harm to the crystalline lens and the nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens proteins. Consequently, we have developed self-regenerating cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), enveloped with resveratrol (RSV) and exosomal-microRNA (miRNA) to alleviate the effects of DC in an in vitro model. Moreover, the inclusion of RSV within CeO2 NPs serves a dual purpose. It can act as an antioxidant, minimizing glycation, and induce oxidative stress by effectively neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, it serves as a glycation inhibitor effectively preventing the cross-linking. Consequently, it helps minimize the glucose level in hemoglobin and inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Likewise, the CeO2-exosomal-miRNA when treated alone found to slightly impede the viability of human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) and induce apoptosis by suppressing the expression of α-crystalline gene (CRYAA). Particularly, miRNAs target genes associated with oxidative stress pathways, protein glycation, and the generation of AGEs, hence preventing structural damage to lens proteins. Compared with CeO2, RSV-CeO2, and miRNA-RSV-CeO2, the presence of miRNA-RSV-CeO2 led to a significant decrease in hemoglobin glycation. Remarkably, miRNA-RSV-CeO2 NPs attenuate the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD) with a relative value of 14.63 and 11.37nmol/mg. As per the report, this method presents a promising opportunity to implement the proposed material combination for attenuating diabetic cataracts.

The Fabrication of SeO2 Nanoparticles from Cinnamon extract: Optical properties and its application

حظي التصنيع الحيوي للجسيمات النانوية باهتمام واسع النطاق بسبب فوائده مثل البساطة والملائمة للبيئة والسرعة والفعالية من حيث التكلفة. تم تصنيع جسيمات السيلينيوم النانوية SeO2NPs) باستخدام مستخلصات لحاء القرفة ((CVBE ورباعي كلوريد السيلينيوم. في هذه الدراسة ,تم استخدام تقنيات XRD و TEM و UV و FTIR لتوصيف SeO2 NPs المُصنَّع بيولوجيًا, البنية البلوريه لها تكون سداسية كما يتضح من نتائج الاشعه السينية . تم تحقيق الحجم البلوري حوالي 24.5 نانومتر وأظهرت صورة TEM أن قطر SeO2 كان أقل من 100 نانومتر بشكل كروي وشبه كروي. كان تأثير SeO2 على مضادات الفطريات وأنواع مختلفة من البكتيريا موضوع هذا البحث. SeO2 كمثبط لنشاط المكورات العنقودية مقابل 23 ملم ونشاط المكورات العنقودية الذهبية مقابل 21 ملم ، وكذلك العزلات المضادة للفطريات 18 ملم ، والتي كانت أكثر فعالية من البكتيرية Klebsiella Sp. والإشريكية القولونية.

Berberine-Loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles: Fabrication, Characterization, and Drug Release Evaluation

Abstract Introduction/Objective Introduction: Numerous studies have highlighted the diverse biochemical and pharmacological properties of berberine (BER), including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and hypolipidemic effects. Nanoparticles play a crucial role in enhancing drug delivery by providing a larger surface area, facilitating quicker dissolution in the bloodstream. Methods/Case Report Methods: Blank bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs) were prepared using a desolvation process, followed by the fabrication of berberine-loaded BSA nanoparticles (BER-NP). Physicochemical characterization, including particle size and zeta potential, was conducted using a Malvern Zetasizer. The mean particle size and distribution were determined using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were obtained for visualization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms were recorded to assess drug encapsulation efficiency (EE). Berberine release from BER-NPs was evaluated using dialysis membranes. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Results: FTIR spectra and DSC thermograms confirmed successful drug loading into the nanoparticles. Encapsulation efficiency was determined by UV absorption spectroscopy, revealing high efficiency in the encapsulation process. Dialysis membranes demonstrated controlled release kinetics of berberine from BER-NPs, indicating their potential for targeted drug delivery. Conclusion Conclusion: Berberine-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles exhibit favorable characteristics for drug delivery applications, including enhanced permeation across biological barriers. These nanoparticles hold promise for targeted therapy and combination drug regimens, offering potential benefits for various medical interventions.

Preparation and Characterization of Berberine-Loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles: Encapsulation Efficiency and Release Rate Determination

Abstract Introduction/Objective Introduction: Berberine (BER) has garnered attention in various studies for its diverse biochemical and pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and hepatoprotective effects. Nanoparticles serve as efficient carriers for drugs, offering increased surface area and enhanced dissolution in the bloodstream, thereby improving drug delivery. Methods/Case Report Methods: Blank Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles (BSA NPs) were synthesized using a desolvation process, followed by the fabrication of Berberine-loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles (BER-NP). Physicochemical characterization, including particle size and zeta potential, was conducted using a Malvern Zetasizer and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to visualize the morphology of both blank BSA NPs and BER-loaded nanocarriers. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Results: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermograms were obtained for free berberine, BSA NPs, and BER-NPs. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined by measuring the concentration of free BER in the supernatant after centrifugation, with EE calculated based on the difference between total added berberine and the measured supernatant concentration. Dialysis membranes were utilized to assess BER release from BER-NPs in vitro, with initial BER content in nanoparticles determining the release profile. Conclusion Conclusion: The prepared nanoparticles have demonstrated the potential to enhance drug permeation across epithelial and endothelial barriers. This approach holds promise for targeted drug delivery to specific sites, facilitating combined therapy with distinct modalities or drugs.

Fabrication of lavender essential oil-loaded polyurethane nanoparticles via a facile swelling-diffusion method as hydrocolloid agents for wound healing applications

Fabrication of lavender essential oil-loaded polyurethane nanoparticles via a facile swelling-diffusion method as hydrocolloid agents for wound healing applications

Phyto-mediated fabrication of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Mollugo oppositifolia L aqueous leaf extract: Antibacterial, antitonicity, and molecular docking studies

The use of bio-processes for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles represents a forefront area of research in nanotechnology. This study introduces a rapid and eco-friendly approach for producing cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) utilizing the aqueous extract of Mollugo oppositifolia L leaves as a catalyst. The synthesized CeO2 NPs underwent comprehensive characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the CeO2 NPs was assessed in vitro against various bacterial strains, demonstrating a concentration-dependent inhibition zone when exposed to concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL. Antitonicity activity results of the synthesized CeO2 NPs revealed significant activity. Further molecular docking studies also revealed that the synthesized CeO2 NPs have better docking ability compared to control Streptomycin in E. coli topoisomerase II DNA gyrase B (PDB ID:1KZN).

Optimized Fabrication of Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Efficient Delivery System for Cancer Immunotherapy.

In the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of oncology. Major immunotherapy approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, cytokines, and immunomodulators have shown great promise in preclinical and clinical settings. Among them, immunomodulatory agents including cancer vaccines are particularly appealing; however, they face limitations, notably the absence of efficient and precise targeted delivery of immune-modulatory agents to specific immune cells and the potential for off-target toxicity. Nanomaterials can play a pivotal role in addressing targeting and other challenges in cancer immunotherapy. Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) can enhance the efficacy of cancer vaccines by enhancing the effective loading of immune modulatory agents owing to their tunable pore sizes. In this work, an emulsion-based method is optimized to customize the pore size of DMSNs and loaded DMSNs with ovalbumin (OVA) and cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-OVA-DMSNs). The immunotherapeutic effect of DMSNs is achieved through controlled chemical release of OVA and CpG in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The results demonstrated that CpG-OVA-DMSNs efficiently activated the immune response in APCs and reduced tumor growth in the murine B16-OVA tumor model.

Excellent facile fabrication of PVA and lignin nanoparticles from wheat straw after novel DES-THF pretreatment

The utilization of environmental friendly and renewable materials has received increasing attention recently. Lignin nanospheres (LNPs) prepared from recovered lignin and residual lignin after DESs and DESs-THF pretreatment were obtained by self-assembly in the present research. Then, films were prepared by incorporating them into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. The properties of various films were characterized and compared. Results showed that as the LNPs content increased, the UV blocking capacity of the films was gradually enhanced than PVA film. The DES-THF films showed better antioxidant properties up to 69 % due to higher phenolic hydroxyl content. The hydrophobicity of films incorporated with DESs-THF pretreated lignin was consistently better than that of DES pretreated. DES-THF-M films showed a higher Tmax than that of DES-M films, resulting in better thermal stability. Moreover, DES-THF-L films are lighter in color due to a lower degree of condensation, which is favorable to subsequent applications. The incorporation of LNPs improved mechanical and antioxidant properties, thermal stability, and UV shielding ability of PVA films, especially lignin after DES-THF pretreatment. In conclusion, the prepared PVA/LNPs composite films possessed good functional properties that make them potential for packaging materials.

‘Clickable’ polymer brush coated magnetic nanoparticles: Employing Diels-Alder and azide-alkyne cycloaddition for modular targeted drug delivery platforms

Effective methods of multi-functionalization of nanomaterials are essential for fabricating effective targeted drug delivery systems. Herein, we disclose the fabrication of polymer brush-coated magnetic nanoparticles that could be functionalized with drugs and targeting ligands through orthogonal click reactions. In particular, polymers containing electron-rich furan groups as functionalization handles are grown from the surface of magnetic nanoparticles using the ‘graft-from’ approach. Furthermore, azide groups are installed at the chain end of polymer brushes to furnish an orthogonally functionalizable system. The attachment of maleimide-containing fluorescent dyes and cytotoxic drugs using the Diels-Alder reaction is demonstrated. Drug-conjugated nanoparticles functionalized with integrin-targeting peptide using the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction undergo preferential uptake in cancer cells and show dose-dependent cytotoxicity. We envision that the modularly functionalizable system disclosed here could target various cancer cells using an appropriate combination of drugs and targeting groups.

Fabrication of silicon carbide color center nanoparticles by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid

Combined with the fabrication of low-dimensional materials, certain silicon carbide color centers can become excellent platforms for nano-optics, and be applied to quantum and biomedical fields. In this work, color center nanoparticles were prepared based on high purity semi-insulating silicon carbide substrate using liquid-assisted femtosecond laser machining. Effects of multi-pulse array ablation and line scanning fabrication were investigated, and parameters such as repetition frequency and pulse number were also optimized. We employed photoluminescence spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transient fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize optical properties and micromorphology of nanoparticles. The broadband photoluminescence within the range of 850–950 nm should be attributed to silicon vacancy color centers, and V1/V1’ zero-phonon lines were confirmed at low temperature. It is noted that the femtosecond laser annealing is critical for the luminescence enhancement of color center nanoparticles. The evolution of particles and cavitation bubbles during processing was elucidated. After optimization, silicon vacancy color center nanoparticles were prepared by multi-pulse (107) array ablation and 200 kHz pulse repetition frequency, with an average diameter of approximately 15 nm and an average density reaching 273.94 counts/μm2. The sample can be preserved stably in the form of nanoparticle solutions. Processing methods and corresponding conclusions of this study would be applicable to the femtosecond laser fabrication and micromorphology control of color center nanoparticles of various hard-brittle semiconductors.

Utilizing Arthrospira platensis for the fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Analysis and assessment for enhancing drought tolerance in Sub1A QTL bearing rice seedlings

In the present study, the underlying pathways for zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) mediated modulation of oxidative stress under drought were evaluated in rice seedlings. Principally, rice cultivar (cv. Swarna Sub1) was used to assess the potential of the Sub1A QTL for its drought sensitivity in response to bio-fabricated ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs were synthesized from algal (Arthrospira platensis) extract and characterized for their opto-physical properties, confirming size (54 nm), hydrodynamicity (-18.54), amorphous-cubic shape and others features. Fifteen-day-old rice seedlings were primed with 25 ppm ZnO-NPs and exposed to 12 % polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediated drought stress (DS) for 7-days under laboratory conditions. Primarily, Sub1A QTL responded to drought-induced anoxic stress with a significant increase in the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (447.41 %) and pyruvate decarboxylase (96.51 %) through ZnO-NPs sensitization. Plants recorded a significant reduction in root growth, which regained 89.25 % with ZnO-NPs treatments. ZnO-NPs also recovered relative water content (49 %), proline (99.2 %), and improved chlorophyll fluorescence (90.9 %) under stress. Furthermore, drought-induced membrane leakage was stabilized by reducing ionic conductivity through the distribution of wall-bound polyamines. A characteristic feature of fluorescence also reinforced the sustenance of photosynthetic activities by ZnO-NPs under drought. Alternatively, rice seedlings showed regulation of oxidative stress, where lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were reduced by 270 % and 178.2 %, respectively. This was observed with the minimization of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations by regulating apoplastic oxidase activity (117.64 %) with distinct polymorphisms in proteins. These observations suggest that ZnO-NPs can ameliorate drought-induced oxidative stress in rice, providing insights for improved nano-fertigation.

Sustainable Fabrication of Luminescent Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles From Cucumis melo Fruit Peel Extract as Prospective Photocatalytic and Antigermicidal Agent.

The focus of current advances in nanotechnology has shifted significantly towards environmentally conscious methods that use harmless ingredients and moderated reaction circumstances to promote equitable development. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) currently grabbed attention of multiple medical fields owing to their unique ability to safeguard against cellular damage and alleviate serious human diseases via processes related to metabolism. This work focused on the generation of ZnO NPs using the peel of Cucumis melo fruit. The NPs were then analyzed and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that at a wavelength of 352 nm, it was proven that the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs had occurred. The XRD pattern indicated the presence of dense crystal structures. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) picture confirmed the existence of polygonal-shaped ZnO NPs. The findings indicate that the produced ZnO NPs possess tough antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. When the ZnO NPs were exposed to direct sunshine for 80 min, they showed an 89% dye breakdown efficiency. This research specifically focused on the decomposition of reactivity dyes, with methylene blue dye being used as the target dye. The work demonstrates that the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs has a crucial and versatile role in the biological and environmental sectors.

Bio-based fabrication of palladium nanoparticles by using Aegle marmelos leaf extract for biomedical applications: Cytotoxicity, cell imaging studies in HeLa cells and antioxidant activity

This paper presents the outcome of medicinal plant-derived synthesis of nanomaterial. The results in the present study provide a simple, novel, sustainable, and economically noble process for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using leaf extract Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos). Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to verify the surface layer of synthesized palladium (ALE@Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) enriched with several kinds of phytochemicals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the synthesized NPs possess a ball shape and the average diameter was 4.31 ± 1.89 nm. The synthesized NPs possess stability confirmed by UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry. The face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure of the fabricated nanoparticles was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Fabricated ALE@Pd NPs are subjected to further testing for their cytotoxicity in HeLa cell lines, as well as for a comparative study of antioxidant activity between the A. marmelos leaves and prepared ALE@Pd NPs. The anti-carcinogenic activity and cell imaging in HeLa cells were tested, and the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC or IC50) has been determined and found to be around 46 µg/mL for HeLa cell lines. Fabricated palladium nanoparticles derived from A. marmelos have the potential to be employed as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective anticancer agent. Furthermore, synthesized ALE@Pd NPs possess higher antioxidant activity than A. marmelos leaves extract (ALE) due to the increased phenolic content connected to the surface of produced palladium NPs as a capping agent. The minimal inhibition concentration of synthesized ALE@Pd NPs was found to be ∼5 µg/mL.

Fabrication, microstructure and hemostatic activity of Cu-Zn manganite nanoparticles

Copper subbed zinc manganite Zn(1-x)CuxMn2O4 (x = 0.05,0.15,0.25,0.35,0.45,0.55) (BCZMO) NPs were prepared by sol–gel co-precipitation technique at surrounding temperature. BCZMO NPs were analyzed by XRD, SEMfor microstructure characterizations. XRD study confirms the tetragon structure of BCZMO NPs and effect of copper on ZMO NPs. SEM micrographs supports our findings. The BCZMO NPs interfered in blood coagulation and exhibited pro-coagulant property. BCZMO NPs decreased the coagulation time of citrated plasma from control 4.31 min to 1.35 min. In addition, the BCZMO NPs aggregated platelets up to 80 % at a concentration of 600 µg while the agonist epinephrine prompted platelet collection of around 90 % at 10 mM concentration.No kind of hemolytic activity in RBC cells shown by these BCZMO-NPs insisting their non-toxic nature. These BCZMO-NPs exhibited pro-coagulant effect with their interference in blood coagulation cascade and initiation in platelet aggregation. Thus, BCZMO NPs can be a potential candidate in biomedical field as hemostatic agents.

Bio-inspired fabrication of Ag-ZnO nanoparticle decorated Nylon 11 nanofibers: Multifunctional membrane for environmental remediation

Traditional wastewater treatment methods using nanoparticles encounter challenges with catalyst recovery. In this study, we fabricated a Nylon 11 nanofibrous membrane (NFM) via electrospinning and functionalized it with polydopamine to immobilize Ag-ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The Nylon 11 NFM was treated with a dopamine tris buffer solution for polydopamine (PDA) coating, which facilitated mussel-inspired attachment of the ZnO nanoparticles. These nanoparticles served as a nucleation site for the biomimetic nucleation of Ag-ZnONPs during the hydrothermal process. The synthesized composite membrane was characterized by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The water contact angle decreased from 135° (Nylon 11 NFM) to 41° (PDA/Nylon 11 NFM) and the filtration efficiency improved 10 folds (from 15.92 Lm-2 hr-1 to 170.60 Lm-2hr-1) at ambient conditions. The Ag-ZnO/PDA/Nylon 11 NFM showed strong antimicrobial activity against different bacterial strains and excellent photocatalytic degradation for methyl orange with a rate constant of 0.0431 min-1, significantly surpassing other configurations. The membrane exhibited excellent stability, reusability and consistent photocatalytic efficiency over multiple cycles. It is easily recoverable from the reaction mixture, and suitable for repeated use, making it a promising candidate for environmental remediation due to its antibacterial properties, photocatalytic activity, enhanced filtration efficiency, and reusability.

Direct fabrication of polycrystalline γ-alumina nanochains-supported Pt nanoparticles on macroscopic ceramic substrates

We report the direct fabrication of polycrystalline γ-Al2O3 nanochains-supported Pt nanoparticles on macroscopic substrates, such as monolithic honeycombs and porous disc-typed ceramics, via chemical vapor deposition. We also investigate solid-gas reactions between the γ-Al2O3 nanochains@Pt nanoparticles and CO using in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM, TEM, STEM, and XRD patterns reveal that γ-Al2O3 nanochains, 80 nm in diameter, were uniformly formed on the surfaces of macroscopic ceramic substrates. High-resolution TEM (HTEM) images confirm the polycrystalline and kinking structures connecting the nanochains. The coating thickness of γ-Al2O3 nanochains layer is approximately 100㎛. The EDX images and XPS graphs indicate that Pt nanoparticles, 3.5 nm in diameter, are well-coated on the surfaces of the γ-Al2O3 nanochains. The uniform distribution of Pt nanoparticles is precisely controlled utilizing autogenic pressure reaction. Additionally, in-situ observation significantly highlights the physicochemical phenomena of the γ-Al2O3 nanochains@Pt nanoparticles over time under CO supply at 300°C. Coke formation was accelerated on the surface of catalysts as increase of CO partial pressure increase, while Pt nanoparticles is very stable without the migration and aggregation.

Influence of various concentrations of chloroauric acid on the fabrication of gold nanoparticles: Green synthesis using Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaf extract and characterizations

This work studies a green method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Elaeis Guineensis Jacq. (oil palm) leaf extract (EGE) using a precursor of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4). The influence of various HAuCl4 concentrations on the formation of AuNPs by the green method was investigated. Characterization methods were employed to analyze the optical properties, size, shape, structure, and SERS applicability of the AuNPs. The findings suggest that EGE contains biomolecules like flavonoids and phenols, which fulfil the roles of reducing and capping agents during the synthesis of AuNPs. The AuNPs were fabricated spectroscopically at around 525 nm and validated by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. FT-IR result presents that the stretching vibrations of the hydroxyl (O–H) molecule are indicated by the large peak absorption at 3336 cm−1, demonstrating the O–H functional groups in the derivatives of phenols. The carbonyl (CO) stretching vibrations, generated by the carboxylic acid in flavonoids and phenols, exhibited a robust absorption at 1602 cm−1. An optimal HAuCl4 concentration of 0.69 mM resulted in AuNPs with uniform spherical morphology and a 10–30 nm size range confirmed by TEM analysis. This concentration also led to the strongest Raman intensity, indicating the potential of these biogenic AuNPs for SERS applications. Overall, the study demonstrates a sustainable and efficient method for AuNP synthesis using a readily available plant extract, paving the way for their use in advanced sensing technologies.

Fabrication of carbon-coated V2O5-x nanoparticles by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery composite cathodes

Fabrication of carbon-coated V2O5-x nanoparticles by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery composite cathodes

Green synthesis and antibacterial potency of Ag/CuO/ZnO nanoparticles derived from Psidium guajava L. extracts

Nanoparticles, characterized by their unique physicochemical properties, represent a significant frontier in interdisciplinary research, particularly within the realms of biomedicine and environmental science. This investigation delves into the eco-friendly synthesis of silver (Ag), copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles utilizing extracts derived from Psidium guajava L. The utilization of these botanical extracts presents a sustainable alternative to traditional nanoparticle fabrication methodologies, aligning with global sustainability imperatives and fostering environmentally conscious practices. The escalating global nanoparticle market, valued at over $30 billion in 2020 and projected to surpass $90 billion by 2027, underscores the economic significance and industrial relevance of nanoparticle research. This research trajectory fuels innovation across a spectrum of sectors, including healthcare, cosmetics and environmental remediation. The commercialization of nanoparticle-based products not only drives substantial revenue streams but also catalyzes advancements in research, development and manufacturing endeavors. Drawing upon aqueous extracts sourced from P. guajava., leaves and fruits, this study capitalizes on their inherent phytochemical composition to serve as stabilizing, reducing and capping agents during nanoparticle synthesis. Employing state-of-the-art characterization techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, FE-SEM and EDS facilitates a comprehensive analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles' physicochemical attributes. Assessment of the nanoparticles' antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris) bacterial strains reveals compelling results. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) elucidate notable efficacy, notably against P. vulgaris (3.75 mg/mL), S. aureus (7.5 mg/mL) and B. subtilis (10 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL), indicative of their potential biomedical applications in combating microbial infections.

Exploring the potential of taro (Colocasia esculenta) starch: Recent developments in modification, health benefits, and food industry applications

AbstractTaro is a tropical plant and an underutilized root crop that has a good source of carbohydrate. Taro tuber contains 70%–80% of starch on dry basis. This review highlights the extraction of taro starch, latest advancements in the modification such as physical, chemical and enzymatic modification of taro starch. Furthermore, after modification of taro starch, molecular weight and amylopectin branch chain length distribution, granular shape, percentage crystallinity, swelling and solubilization, pasting and thermal properties and in vitro digestibility of taro starch were significantly affected. Additionally, researchers have explored novel methods to modify the physicochemical characteristics of taro starch, enhancing its functionality as a thickening, gelling, and stabilizing agent in various food formulations. However, fabrication of nanoparticles from taro starch was also studies. Various health benefits of taro starch have been reported in this study. One significant health benefit of taro starch is its potential to improve blood sugar management. Furthermore, the versatility of taro starch in food applications has expanded, ranging from traditional staples to modern convenience foods. Its gluten‐free nature makes it an attractive option for individuals with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease. Taro starch is increasingly incorporated into bakery products, snacks, noodles, and as a thickening agent in soups and sauces. The unique sensory attributes and nutritional profile of taro starch contribute to the development of novel, health‐conscious food products that cater to evolving consumer preferences.