Fabrication Of Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Research Articles

Electrochemical Sensing Behaviour of Fabricated Au-SnO2 /ITO Electrode

Functional nanomaterials formed after the combination of a metal oxide and metal play a prominent role in the world of nanotechnology [1]. The interaction between them generates the formation of the interfacial bonds that are mainly responsible for the adhesion strength occurring at the interfaces. Such materials find utilization in numerous fields of electronics, solar cells and chemical sensing [2]. Nanoparticle research presents widespread span for the corroboration of pioneering revelations in the field of medicines, cosmetics, optics and electronics. Astonishing outcomes result from altering the molecular and atomic states of the materials which may not be possible by using them in their original states. Tin dioxide (SnO2) has been colossally used as sensing material in optoelectronic devices, and solid-state gas sensors owing to its stupendous electrical properties escorted by elevated chemical stability [3]. However, very few reports of SnO2 nanoparticles regarding biomolecule detection are available [4]. The sensing characteristics of SnO2 can further be improved by chemical doping with appropriate transition metals such as Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Ru and Rh [5]. The addition of Au offers suitable platform for the detection of specific analytes [6]. Sol gel method was used to synthesize SnO2 and Au-SnO2 nanoparticles. Structural, morphological and chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD, FESEM, TEM, FTIR, and EDS spectroscopic techniques. A frenzy of excitement has generated in electrochemistry by the application of nanotechnology. The electrochemical sensing response of the synthesized nanoparticles was checked after depositing them on ITO substrate. The comparison of the electrochemical performance of Au-SnO2/ITO electrode was done with SnO2/ITO and ITO by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) cyclic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All studies were carried out in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at room temperature. The synthesized sensor exhibited good storage stability, specificity and reproducibility with RSD 1.73%. The practical application of the fabricated electrode was demonstrated in real sample with excellent recovery. Reference Wisnios, A. Kiejna, J. Korecki, Towards understanding MgO/Fe interface formation: Adsorption of O and Mg atoms on an Fe(001) surface, Phys. Rev. B 96 (2017) 115418.Nalepka, K. Sztwiertnia, P. Nalepka, Preferred orientation relationships at the Cu/α−Al2O3interface: Identification and theoretical explanation, Acta Mater. 104 (2016) 156–165.Tournier, C. Pijolat, Influence of oxygen concentration in the carrier gas on the response of tin dioxide sensor under hydrogen and methane, Sens Actuators B 61(1999) 43-50.Lavanya, S. Radhakrishnan, C. Sekar, Fabrication of hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on Ni doped SnO2 nanoparticles, Biosen. Bioelectron, 36 (2012) 41-47.Cheraghi, M. A. Taher, H. Karimi-Maleh, R. Moradi, Simultaneous detection of nalbuphine and diclofenac as important analgesic drugs in biological and pharmaceutical samples using a Pt: Co nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor, J Electrochem Soc. 164 (2017) B60-B65.Zhang, X. Liu, S.Wu,M. Xu, X. Guo, S. Wang, Au nanoparticle-decorated porous SnO2 hollow spheres: a new model for a chemical sensor J. Mater. Chem. 20(2010) 6453–9.

Sol–gel derived silica/chitosan/Fe3O4 nanocomposite for direct electrochemistry and hydrogen peroxide biosensing

A novel strategy to fabricate hydrogen peroxide third generation biosensor has been developed from sol–gel of silica/chitosan (SC) organic–inorganic hybrid material assimilated with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4). The large surface area of Fe3O4 and porous morphology of the SC composite facilitates a high loading of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Moreover, the entrapped enzyme preserves its conformation and biofunctionality. The fabrication of hydrogen peroxide biosensor has been carried out by drop casting of the SC/F/HRP nanocomposite on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for study of direct electrochemistry. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the phase purity and particle size of as-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles, respectively. The nanocomposite was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) for the characteristic structure and conformation of enzyme. The surface topographies of the nanocomposite thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to determine the particle size distribution. The electrostatic interactions of the SC composite with Fe3O4 nanoparticles were studied by the zeta potential measurement. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the SC/F/HRP/GCE electrode displays Fe3O4 nanoparticles as an excellent candidate for electron transfer. The SC/F/HRP/GCE exhibited a pair of well-defined quasi reversible cyclic voltammetry peaks due to the redox couple of HRP-heme Fe (III)/Fe (II) in pH 7.0 potassium phosphate buffer. The biosensor was employed to detect H2O2 with linear range of 5 μM to 40 μM and detection limit of 5 μM. The sensor displays excellent selectivity, sensitivity, good reproducibility and long term stability.

Fabrication of hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on Ni doped SnO2 nanoparticles

Ni doped SnO2 nanoparticles (0–5wt%) have been prepared by a simple microwave irradiation (2.45GHz) method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies confirmed the formation of rutile structure with space group (P42/mnm) and nanocrystalline nature of the products with spherical morphology. Direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/nano-SnO2 composite has been studied. The immobilized enzyme retained its bioactivity, exhibited a surface confined, reversible one-proton and one-electron transfer reaction, and had good stability, activity and a fast heterogeneous electron transfer rate. A significant enzyme loading (3.374×10−10molcm−2) has been obtained on nano-Ni doped SnO2 as compared to the bare glassy carbon (GC) and nano-SnO2 modified surfaces. This HRP/nano-Ni–SnO2 film has been used for sensitive detection of H2O2 by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which exhibited a wider linearity range from 1.0×10−7 to 3.0×10−4M (R=0.9897) with a detection limit of 43nM. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (KMapp) of HRP on the nano-Ni–SnO2 was estimated as 0.221mM. This excellent performance of the fabricated biosensor is attributed to large surface-to-volume ratio and Ni doping into SnO2 which facilitate the direct electron transfer between the redox enzyme and the surface of electrode.

Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase and nile blue into the ormosil nanocomposite for the fabrication of hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on MWCNT modified glassy carbon electrode

A novel approach to construct a second-generation amperometric biosensor is described. The classical redox dye nile blue (NB) as mediator and horseradish peroxidase as a base enzyme were coimmobilized into the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified ormosil matrix. Nafion was dispersed into the matrix to enhance the rate of the electron transfer and prevent the cracking of the ormosil film. The surface morphology of MWCNT/NB/NAF/HRP nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry measurements were used to study and optimize the performance of the resulting peroxide biosensor. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant was determined to be 1.1 mM. The effect of pH, applied potential and amount of the HRP enzyme on the electrochemical biosensor has been systematically studied. The fabricated biosensor demonstrated significant electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with wide linear range from 2 × 10 −7 to 3.8 × 10 −4 M, and low detection limit 1 × 10 −7 M (S/N = 3) with fast response time <3 s. The facile procedure of immobilizing HRP and MWCNTs into the ormosil used in the present work can promote the development of electrochemical research for enzymes, proteins, biosensors, biofuel cells and other bioelectrochemical devices.

An amperometric biosensor fabricated from electro-co-deposition of sodium alginate and horseradish peroxidase

A convenient and effective strategy for fabrication of hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as matrices was reported in this paper. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and SA were electro-co-deposited onto the surface of gold electrode, and the HRP–SA/Au electrode was further coated with PVB. The interaction between HRP and SA was characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and the fabricating process of biosensor was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical characteristics of the biosensor were studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Experimental conditions were investigated which influence the performance of the biosensor, such as pH, and applied potential. The biosensor showed a linear response to H 2O 2 over a concentration range from 7.0 × 10 −6 to 4.1 × 10 −3 M with a detection limit of 1.8 × 10 −6 M based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 under optimum conditions. The K M a p p value of HRP in the composite was evaluated to be 1.38 mM. The biosensor obtained from this study possesses high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability.

A novel and simple biomolecules immobilization method: Electro-deposition ZrO2 doped with HRP for fabrication of hydrogen peroxide biosensor

For the first time, a very novel and simple immobilization method for fabrication of hydrogen peroxide biosensor was reported in this paper. The biocompatible composite HRP-ZrO(2) thin films were synthesized on gold electrode surface based on electro-deposition zirconia doped with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by cyclic voltammetry scanning in KCl solution containing ZrO(2) and HRP. The fabricated process of biosensor was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the surface topography of the prepared films was imaged by atomic force microscope (AFM). The HRP in HRP-ZrO(2) thin films kept its bioactivity and exhibited excellent electrocatalytical response to the reduction of H(2)O(2). Experimental conditions influencing the biosensor performance such as pH, potential were optimized. The resulting biosensor (HRP-ZrO(2)/Au electrode) showed a linear response to H(2)O(2) over a concentration range from 0.02 to 9.45mM with a detection limit of 2muM based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 under optimized conditions. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) was evaluated to be 8.01mM, which indicated the HRP in HRP-ZrO(2) thin films kept its native bioactivity and had high affinity for H(2)O(2). Moreover, the proposed biosensor showed high sensitivity, good reproducibility and long-term stability. What is more, this immobilization methodology widened biosensor application in biomolecules immobilization and could further develop for other protein and biomolecules immobilization.

Immobilization of beef liver catalase on eggshell membrane for fabrication of hydrogen peroxide biosensor

A simple and low-cost hydrogen peroxide biosensor was fabricated using a beef liver catalase-immobilized eggshell membrane and an oxygen electrode. Catalase from beef liver extract was covalently immobilized on an eggshell membrane and subsequently covered the surface of an oxygen electrode. The detection scheme was based on the increase in dissolved oxygen content upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide solution. The increase in oxygen level was then monitored and related to the hydrogen peroxide concentration. The effects of enzyme loading, dissolved oxygen content, pH, phosphate buffer concentration and temperature on the biosensor have been studied in detail. The response and recovery times of the biosensor ( t 95) were 1 min, respectively. The detection limit based on 3 σ b was 3 μM and the relative standard deviation of the response was 1.28% ( n=10) for a solution containing 0.3 mM of H 2O 2. The hydrogen peroxide biosensor demonstrated a reasonable long and stable shelf-life. It has been successfully applied to the determination of hydrogen peroxide concentration in some commercial samples.