Fabrication Of Graphitic Carbon Research Articles

Fabrication of Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Barium Hydroxide Nanocomposite as an Effective Anticancer Agent against MCF‐7 Cell Lines

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride/Barium hydroxide (g‐C3N4/Ba(OH)2) nanocomposites (NCs) are synthesized using chemical precipitation method. Scanning Electron Microscopic images revealed nanoneedle‐like formation of Ba(OH)2 in addition to g‐C3N4 nanosheets. MTT assay confirmed that g‐C3N4/Ba(OH)2 NC exhibited more anticancer activity against MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line, compared to pristine Ba(OH)2 NPs. The % cytotoxicity of Ba(OH)2 NPs, g‐C3N4 (5 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs, g‐C3N4 (10 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs and g‐C3N4 (20 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs against MCF‐7 cell line was found to be 0.79 %, 22.77 %, 6.97 and 9.44 % respectively at the lowest dose of concentration 2 μg mL−1 after 24 h. At 64 μg/mL concentration, the cell viability in pristine Ba(OH)2 NPs and g‐C3N4 (10 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs were found to be 25 % and 6.38 % respectively. The corresponding IC −50 values Ba(OH)2 NPs: 3.71 μg/mL; g‐C3N4 (5 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs: 3.60 μg/mL; g‐C3N4 (10 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs: 3.26 μg/mL; g‐C3N4 (20 mg/mL) @ Ba(OH)2 NCs: 4.04 μg/mL are observed. The mechanism behind the killing of tumor cells by the synthesized nanocomposites is through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The hydroxyl radicals formation in the solution treated with nanocomposites is confirmed through Terephthalic acid assay.

Fabrication of graphitic carbon Nitride/Nonstoichiometric molybdenum oxide nanorod composite with the nonmetal plasma enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity

The extended light absorption and the prevented charge recombination are crucial for the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based photocatalytic materials. Herein, nonstoichiometric molybdenum oxide (MoO3-x) nanorods with oxygen vacancies were synthesized by a hydrothermal method with trace amount of oleylamine, and the Z-scheme two-dimentional (2D)/one-dimentional (1D) g-C3N4/MoO3-x composites were prepared by a facile electrostatic assembling approach. The blue MoO3-x nanorods with oxygen vacancies are loaded uniformly on the g-C3N4 nanosheets. The g-C3N4/MoO3-x composite materials exhibit strong absorption in the visible and near-infrared light regions, and the improved charge separation efficiency through the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism. The g-C3N4/MoO3-x composite presents a significantly improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity with good cycling stability compared with sonicated g-C3N4 nanosheets. The best hydrogen generation activity of 209.2 μmol·h−1 under solar light irradiation and the highest apparent quantum efficiency of 4.4% irradiated at 365 nm are obtained by the g-C3N4/MoO3-x composite with a mass percent of 27.5%, which is 2.63 times of g-C3N4. The weight ratios and the content of oxygen vacancies in the small-size MoO3-x nanorods have a significant influence on the photocatalytic hydrogen performance. Moreover, effective photocatalytic overall water splitting can be achieved with the H2 and O2 evolution rates of 0.755 and 0.368 μmol∙h−1 by the g-C3N4/MoO3-x composite. The novel g-C3N4/MoO3-x composite will have broad prospects in the field of photocatalytic applications.

Fabrication of Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Based Film: An Emerged Highly Efficient Catalyst for Direct C—H Arylation under Solar Light

Main observation and conclusionPhotoredox C—H bond formation can proceed in aerobic environment under solar light and has therefore become attractive. Nowadays, different types of expensive novel metal complexes and nanomaterials have been urbanized as photocatalysts for direct C—H bond formation in between derivatives of heteroarenes (HAs) and aryl diazonium salts. These photocatalysts, however, still suffer from poor stability, high cost, and decay. Herein, a graphitic carbon nitride‐based fluorescein isothiocyanate (g‐C3N4–FITC) film photocatalyst has been reported, which shows excellent light harvesting ability, and band gap suitability to catalyze the metal free direct C—H arylation of HAs under solar light at ambient temperature. Moreover, the g‐C3N4–FITC film photocatalyst can be reused four times without significant loss of activity, confirming the excellent photocatalytic stability. The current strategy to construct a g‐C3N4–FITC film photocatalyst for direct C—H arylation opens a new path towards replacing metal‐based catalysts in fine chemical synthesis.