Fabrication Of Functional Materials Research Articles

Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Multidimensional Functional Materials from Sequence-Defined Peptoids.

Hierarchical self-assembly represents a powerful strategy for the fabrication of functional materials across various length scales. However, achieving precise formation of functional hierarchical assemblies remains a significant challenge and requires a profound understanding of molecular assembly interactions. In this study, we present a molecular-level understanding of the hierarchical assembly of sequence-defined peptoids into multidimensional functional materials, including twisted nanotube bundles serving as a highly efficient artificial light harvesting system. By employing synchrotron-based powder X-ray diffraction and analyzing single crystal structures of model compounds, we elucidated the molecular packing and mechanisms underlying the assembly of peptoids into multidimensional nanostructures. Our findings demonstrate that incorporating aromatic functional groups, such as tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE), at the termini of assembling peptoid sequences promotes the formation of twisted bundles of nanotubes and nanosheets, thus enabling the creation of a highly efficient artificial light harvesting system. This research exemplifies the potential of leveraging sequence-defined synthetic polymers to translate microscopic molecular structures into macroscopic assemblies. It holds promise for the development of functional materials with precisely controlled hierarchical structures and designed functions.

Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Multidimensional Functional Materials from Sequence‐Defined Peptoids

AbstractHierarchical self‐assembly represents a powerful strategy for the fabrication of functional materials across various length scales. However, achieving precise formation of functional hierarchical assemblies remains a significant challenge and requires a profound understanding of molecular assembly interactions. In this study, we present a molecular‐level understanding of the hierarchical assembly of sequence‐defined peptoids into multidimensional functional materials, including twisted nanotube bundles serving as a highly efficient artificial light harvesting system. By employing synchrotron‐based powder X‐ray diffraction and analyzing single crystal structures of model compounds, we elucidated the molecular packing and mechanisms underlying the assembly of peptoids into multidimensional nanostructures. Our findings demonstrate that incorporating aromatic functional groups, such as tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE), at the termini of assembling peptoid sequences promotes the formation of twisted bundles of nanotubes and nanosheets, thus enabling the creation of a highly efficient artificial light harvesting system. This research exemplifies the potential of leveraging sequence‐defined synthetic polymers to translate microscopic molecular structures into macroscopic assemblies. It holds promise for the development of functional materials with precisely controlled hierarchical structures and designed functions.

Sonochemical Synthesis of Natural Polyphenolic Nanoparticles for Modulating Oxidative Stress.

Natural polyphenolic compounds play a vital role in nature and are widely utilized as building blocks in the fabrication of emerging functional nanomaterials. Although diverse fabrication methodologies are developed in recent years, the challenges of purification, uncontrollable reaction processes and additional additives persist. Herein, a modular and facile methodology is reported toward the fabrication of natural polyphenolic nanoparticles. By utilizing low frequency ultrasound (40kHz), the assembly of various natural polyphenolic building blocks is successfully induced, allowing for precise control over the particle formation process. The resulting natural polyphenolic nanoparticles possessed excellent in vitro antioxidative abilities and in vivo therapeutic effects in typical oxidative stress models including wound healing and acute kidney injury. This study opens new avenues for the fabrication of functional materials from naturally occurring building blocks, offering promising prospects for future advancements in this field.

Polyoxometalate Induced Assembly Into Surface Functionalized Multidimensional Heterostructures with Enhanced Catalytic Activity.

The self-assembly of inorganic nanocrystals offers an efficient way for the fabrication of functional materials. However, it is still challenging for the construction of multidimensional nanostructures with controllable shapes, compositions and functions. Here, a series of heterostructures in different dimensions by surface modification of polyoxometalate (POM) clusters is developed. Three kinds of POM clusters(phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and silicotungstic acid (STA) and five kinds of metal oxides (TiO2 , VOx , La2 O3 , In2 O3 and Gd2 O3 ) can be used as building blocks, and a class of 1D, 2D and 3D heterostructures can be achieved by the control of surface ligand coverage. Compared with individual building blocks and other cluster-based superstructures, TiO2 -PMA superstructures exhibit enhanced catalytic activity toward thioether oxidations, which is attributed to the electron transfer between TiO2 and POM clusters.

Impact of hydrogen bonding interaction energy on the polymerization kinetics of polymerizable deep eutectic solvent monomers

Research reveals that hydrogen bond is the primary factor contributing to the high activity of PDES monomer, while the steric effect within the PDES system weakens the activity of the PDES monomer by competing with the hydrogen bonding effect.

Lateral epitaxial growth of two-dimensional organic heterostructures.

Two-dimensional organic lateral heterostructures (2D OLHs) are attractive for the fabrication of functional materials. However, it is difficult to control the nucleation, growth and orientation of two distinct components. Here we report the combination of two methods-liquid-phase growth and vapour-phase growth-to synthesize 2D OLHs from perylene and a perylenecarboxaldehyde derivative, with a lateral size of ~20 μm and a tunable thickness ranging from 20 to 400 nm. The screw dislocation growth behaviour of the 2D crystals shows the spiral arrangement of atoms within the crystal lattice, which avoids volume expansion and contraction of OLH, thereby minimizing lateral connection defects. Selective control of the nucleation and sequential growth of 2D crystals leads to structural inversion of the 2D OLHs by the vapour-phase growth method. The resulting OLHs show good light-transport capabilities and tunable spatial exciton conversion, useful for photonic applications. This synthetic strategy can be extended to other families of organic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as demonstrated with other pyrene and perylene derivatives.

Hydrothermal electrochemical flow reactor to independently control temperature, pressure, and potential for manganese oxide electrodeposition

Electrodeposition has been widely applied for the fabrication of functional materials; however, most previous deposition processes were limited to temperatures of less than 100 °C. Furthermore, reaction pressure was concomitantly determined with the reaction temperature, hindering the full exploration of synthetic conditions. Here, we developed a hydrothermal electrochemical flow reactor equipped with flowing system and that enables the independent control of temperature and pressure and applied this reactor to the synthesis of manganese oxides (MnOx) for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction. Systematic investigation of temperature and pressure revealed that the crystallinity and morphology of MnOx was influenced by deposition temperature, with particle size decreasing under higher pressure (4 MPa). Electrodeposition at higher temperature (160 °C) at 1 MPa generated a mixed phase of ε- and γ- MnO2, which showed superior electrochemical water oxidation activity to samples prepared at lower temperature (80 and 100 °C, respectively), achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for at least 100 h under acidic conditions (pH 2.3). Our results show that the hydrothermal electrochemical flow reactor allows expanding synthetic parameters for the synthesis of highly functional catalytic materials.

Thermal-Assisted Multiscale Patterning of Nonplanar Colloidal Nanostructures for Multi-Modal Anti-Counterfeiting.

Nanotransfer printing of colloidal nanoparticles is a promising technique for the fabrication of functional materials and devices. However, patterning nonplanar nanostructures pose a challenge due to weak adhesion from the extremely small nanostructure-substrate contact area. Here, the study proposes a thermal-assisted nonplanar nanostructure transfer printing (NP-NTP) strategy for multiscale patterning of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres. The printing efficiency is significantly improved from ≈3.1% at low temperatures to ≈97.2% under the glass transition temperature of PS. Additionally, the arrangement of PS nanospheres transitioned from disorder to long-range order. The mechanism of printing efficiency enhancement is the drastic drop of Young's modulus of nanospheres, giving rise to an increased contact area, self-adhesive effect, and inter-particle necking. To demonstrate the versatility of the NP-NTP strategy, it is combined with the intaglio transfer printing technique, and multiple patterns are created at both micro and macro scales at a 4-inch scale with a resolution of ≈2757 pixels per inch (PPI). Furthermore, a multi-modal anti-counterfeiting concept based on structural patterns at hierarchical length scales is proposed, providing a new paradigm of imparting multiscale nanostructure patterning into macroscale functional devices.

3D relationship between hierarchical canal network and gradient mineralization of shark tooth osteodentin.

Osteodentin is a dominant mineralized collagenous tissue in the teeth of many fishes, with structural and histological characteristics resembling those of bone. Osteodentin, like bone, comprises osteons as basic structural building blocks, however, it lacks the osteocytes and the lacuno-canalicular network (LCN), which are known to play critical roles in controlling the mineralization of the collagenous matrix in bone. Although numerous vascular canals exist in osteodentin, their role in tooth maturation and the matrix mineralization process remain poorly understood. Here, high resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) were used to obtain 3D structural information of osteodentin in shark teeth at multiple scales. We observed a complex 3D network of primary canals with a diameter ranging from ∼10 µm to ∼120 µm, where the canals are surrounded by osteon-like concentric layers of lamella, with 'interosteonal' tissue intervening between neighboring osteons. In addition, numerous hierarchically branched secondary canals extended out radially from the primary canals into the interosteonal tissue, with a decreasing diameter from ∼10 µm to hundreds of nanometers. Interestingly, the mineralization degree increases from the periphery of primary canals to the interosteonal tissue, suggesting that mineralization begins in the interosteonal tissue. Correspondingly, the hardness and elastic modulus of the interosteonal tissue is higher than those of the osteonal tissue. These results demonstrate that the 3D hierarchical canal network is positioned to play a critical role in controlling the gradient mineralization of osteodentin, also providing valuable insight into the formation of mineralized collagenous tissue without osteocytes and LCN. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Bone is a composite material with versatile mechanical properties. Osteocytes and lacuno-canalicular network (LCN) are kown to play critical roles during formation of human bone. However, the skeleton of many fishes, including bone and osteodentin, although lacking osteocytes and LCN, could exhibit similar osteon-like structure and mechanical functions. Here, using various high resolution 3D characterization techniques, we reveal that the 3D network of primary canals and numerous hierarchically branched secondary canals correlate with the mineralization gradient and micromechanical properties of osteonal and interosteonal tissues of shark tooth osteodentin. This work significantly improves our understanding of the construction of bone-like mineralized tissue without osteocytes and LCN, and provides inspirations for the fabrication of functional materials with hierarchical structure.

Synchronized 3D Printing and Corona Charging for One-Step Prototyping of Polarized Polylactic Acid Electrets.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is advantageous in the fast prototyping of complex structures, but its utilization in functional material fabrication is still limited due to a lack of activation capability. To fabricate and activate the functional material of electrets, a synchronized 3D printing and corona charging method is presented to prototype and polarize polylactic acid electrets in one step. By upgrading the 3D printer nozzle and incorporating a needle electrode to apply high voltage, parameters such as needle tip distance and applied voltage level were compared and optimized. Under different experimental conditions, the average surface distribution in the center of the samples was -1498.87 V, -1115.73 V, and -814.51 V. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the electric field contributes to keeping the printed fiber structure straight. The polylactic acid electrets exhibited relatively uniform surface potential distribution on a sufficiently large sample surface. In addition, the average surface potential retention rate was improved by 12.021-fold compared to ordinary corona-charged samples. The above advantages are unique to the 3D-printed and polarized polylactic acid electrets, proving that the proposed method is suitable for quickly prototyping and effectively polarizing the polylactic acid electrets simultaneously.

Synthesis of MAl2O4(M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn, Ba) Nanopowders by Liquid Impregnation of Nanofibrous Alumina

We report on a controlled synthesis of MAl2O4 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn, Ba) nanopowders. The method includes three main steps: (i) growth of ultraporous nanofibrous Al2O3 (UPA) monoliths and their preliminary thermal treatment to remove the adsorbed and structural water, (ii) liquid-phase M-nitrate impregnation, and (iii) heat treatment allowing to form desirable nanocrystallites. Small crystallites with a spinel structure and mean size below 10 nm were obtained in Mg, Ni, and Zn aluminates after heat treatment at 500 °C. The results suggest formation of fully inverse MgAl2O4 spinels (inversion degree I ≈ 1) after the heat treatment at temperatures below 700 °C, followed by defect healing and formation of a normal spinel (I ∼ 0.3) at higher temperatures above the onset of the UPA bulk mass transport of ∼850 °C. This behavior is due to the interplay between cation diffusion and phase nucleation processes, in agreement with Ostwald’s rule. The formation of metastable spinel phases in agreement with Ostwald’s rule was confirmed after insertion of Co2+, Zn2+ (inverse spinel), and Ni2+ (normal spinel) cations. The insertion of Ba2+ cations into the UPA precursor resulted in the stuffed tridymite phase. The nanopowder synthesis route after upgrading to a large scale can contribute to the fabrication of functional materials for radiation-tolerant optics (M = Mg, Zn), catalysis (M = Ni, Co), nanophosphors (M = Ba), etc.

Liquid‐Metal‐Assisted Programmed Galvanic Engineering of Core–shell Nanohybrids for Microwave Absorption

AbstractCore–shell nanostructures have received widespread attention because of their potential usage in various technological and scientific fields. However, they still face significant challenges in terms of fabrication of core–shell nanostructure libraries on a controlled, and even programmed scale. This study proposes a general approach to systematically fabricate core–shell nanohybrids using liquid‐metal Ga alloys as reconfigurable templates, and the initiation of a local galvanic replacement reaction is demonstrated utilizing an ultrasonic system. Under ultrasonic agitation, the hydrated gallium oxides generated on the liquid metal droplets, simultaneously delaminated themselves from the interfaces. Subsequently, single‐metal or bimetallic components are deposited on fresh smooth Ga‐based alloys via galvanic reactions to form unique core–shell metal/metal nanohybrids. Controlled and quantitative regulation of the diversity of the non‐homogeneous nanoparticle shell layer composition is achieved. The obtained core–shell nanostructures are used as efficient microwave absorbers to dissipate unwanted electromagnetic wave pollution. The effective absorption bands (90% absorption) of core–shell GaNi and GaCoNi nanohybrids are 3.92 and 3.8 GHz at a thickness of 1.4 mm, respectively. This general and advanced strategy enables the growth of other oxides or sulfides by spontaneous interfacial redox reactions for the fabrication of functional materials in the future.

Polymeric Membranes of Chitosan/Aloe Vera Gel Fabrication With Enhanced Swelling and Antimicrobial Properties for Biomedical Applications.

Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used as traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Aloe vera (AV) gel's therapeutic potential is one of the most effective approach in the fabrication of functional materials. The current study aimed to prepare the AV and chitosan (CS) membranes using various cross-linkers that were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) techniques, as well as swelling ratio and antimicrobial studies. SEM analysis revealed that the membrane is porous, with interconnected pores. The inclusion of AV contents in the membrane improved thermal stability and crystallinity. The swelling ratio of the ACPG-3 membrane with a 2:1 CS to AV ratio was 366%. The membranes showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pasteurella multocida strains. The findings revealed that polymeric CS/AV membranes have effective potential for use in the biomedical field.

Polymer-Rich Dense Phase Can Concentrate Metastable Silica Precursors and Regulate Their Mineralization.

Multistep mineralization processes are pivotal in the fabrication of functional materials and are often characterized by far from equilibrium conditions and high supersaturation. Interestingly, such 'nonclassical' mineralization pathways are widespread in biological systems, even though concentrating molecules well beyond their saturation level is incompatible with cellular homeostasis. Here, we show how polymer phase separation can facilitate bioinspired silica formation by passively concentrating the inorganic building blocks within the polymer dense phase. The high affinity of the dense phase to mobile silica precursors generates a diffusive flux against the concentration gradient, similar to dynamic equilibrium, and the resulting high supersaturation leads to precipitation of insoluble silica. Manipulating the chemistry of the dense phase allows to control the delicate interplay between polymer chemistry and silica precipitation. These results connect two phase transition phenomena, mineralization and coacervation, and offer a framework to achieve better control of mineral formation.

Alcoholamine enhanced fractionation of cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass in ionic liquids.

Ionic liquid based technology is promising in the pretreatment of lignocelluloses. More efforts are still being made to intensify the separation of the main components in this biomass and to inhibit biopolymer degradation, especially in the fabrication of functional materials where excellent mechanical properties are often requisite. In this study, additives with amino and/or hydroxyl groups were proposed to improve the dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass in ionic liquids and to inhibit the degradation of cellulose. Among the tested additives (i.e., urea, L-2-aminobutyric acid, DL-aminopropanol, 3-aminopropanol and ethanolamine), 3-aminopropanol showed the best performance in enhancing wheat straw dissolution and cellulose recovery in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac). Further study revealed that this additive could also inhibit cellulose degradation in [EMIM]Ac. The interactions between the ionic liquid and additive were revealed by NMR and IR analysis. It was found that the formation of hydrogen bonds between 3-aminopropanol and [EMIM]Ac changed the interactions between ionic liquids and biomass, resulting in improved dissolution efficiency and inhibition of cellulose degradation. Optimization investigation showed that when using the 3-aminopropanol/[EMIM]Ac composite system as the solvent and pine as the raw biomass, the cellulose content in the recovered cellulose-rich material was increased from 33.3% (for the raw pine) to 66.9%. Correspondingly, the regenerated cellulose spinning in the composite system exhibited improved mechanical properties, with the elongation at break reaching 15.6% and the tensile fracture strength of 184.1 N per tex (in comparison with 9.6% for elongation at break and 99.7 N per tex for tensile fracture strength for the sample obtained in neat [EMIM]Ac).

Dual-reactive hydrogels functionalizable using "Huisgen click" and "Schiff base" reactions.

Hydrogels incorporating different reactive groups are important platforms for the fabrication of functional materials through the conjugation of diverse molecules. In this study, a dual-reactive hydrogel system was designed utilizing aldehyde and azide groups containing methacrylate monomers. Hydrogels were obtained in the presence of a dimethacrylate crosslinker with a combination of hydrophilic PEG-based monomers via free-radical polymerization. The azide and aldehyde sites of the hydrogel network are reactive towards alkyne and amine functional groups, respectively. The advantage of the different reactivities of these functional groups was demonstrated through the attachment of two different dye molecules onto the hydrogel platform via the "Huisgen click" and "Schiff base" reactions to obtain a sensing platform for various applications, such as indicating change in pH of the environment.

Factors that affect Pickering emulsions stabilized by mesoporous hollow silica microspheres

HypothesisClassical (solid particles stabilized) Pickering emulsions have been widely studied due to the irreversible adsorption of solid particles at the oil-water interface. Mesoporous hollow silica microspheres (MHSMs) are promising stabilizers for Pickering emulsion owing to its larger specific surface area and lower apparent density. However, this type of Pickering emulsion has not attracted enough attention. The stabilization mechanism of Pickering emulsion by MHSMs has not been studied in detail yet. ExperimentsHerein, stable Pickering emulsions were prepared using only MHSMs as stabilizers. In order to investigate its stabilization mechanism, the effect factors of size, shell thickness, wettability and concentration of MHSMs, and oil/water ratio on the stability of Pickering emulsions were analyzed deeply. FindingsAs a result, the stability of Pickering emulsion can be improved by MHSMs with smaller particle size and shell thickness. Also, MHSMs with the intermediate hydrophobicity and suitable oil/water ratio actually do favour for the stability of Pickering emulsion. As expected, the stability of Pickering emulsion can be enhanced by increasing the concentration of MHSMs in a certain range. The Pickering emulsions tend to achieve excellent stable state when the concentration of MHSMs is 1.25 mg/mL. All those results suggested that the stability of Pickering emulsions correlates directly to particle size, shell thickness, wettability and concentration of MHSMs, and oil/water ratio. This research paves a way for the fabrication of functional materials via Pickering emulsions.

Electric poling-assisted additive manufacturing technique for piezoelectric active poly(vinylidene fluoride) films: Towards fully three-dimensional printed functional materials

The development of science and technology simplifies the fabrication of functional materials and devices. Polymeric piezoelectric materials have attracted interest for actuation, sensing, energy harvesting, and storage applications due to their capability to sustain larger strains than ceramic piezoelectric materials. In this work, a novel electric poling-assisted additive manufacturing (EPAM) technology that integrates a fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printer with a corona electric poling setup is demonstrated to directly print piezoelectric active materials with improved piezoelectric characteristics. The developed EPAM technology overcomes two main shortcomings of the conventional manufacturing methods for poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) materials: (1) their shapes are constrained to planar or fiber-like geometries, and (2) the need for additional electric poling as a post-processing treatment. Compared with the contact poling method, the EPAM method eliminates the need to apply electrodes for poling. The EPAM process can accomplish stretching and poling simultaneously which are necessary conditions for the polarization. During the EPAM process, stretching the molten PVdF rod rearranges the amorphous strands in the film plane, and the applied electric field aligns dipoles towards the same direction. The EPAM process can print free-form PVdF structures and induce the formation of β -phase, which is primarily responsible for the piezoelectric response. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicate the β -phase content increased from 15.38% to 17.14% corresponding to unpoled printed and EPAM printed samples, respectively. PVdF force sensors were successfully printed, and the piezoelectric activity (pC/N) was calculated based on the piezoelectric output voltage. The piezoelectric activity has a positive correlation with the piezoelectric coefficient that is explained in detail in section 3.2. The results demonstrate that the average piezoelectric activity of EPAM printed PVdF films was 47.76 pC/N, or about five times higher than unpoled 3D printed films, at 9.0 pC/N. The piezoelectric activity of unpoled 3D printed PVdF films indicates that 3D printing in the absence of an electric field does not result in dipole alignment. The 3D printed samples show an anisotropic mechanical behavior, and the bonding surface strength is sensitive to the printing speed. The maximum Young’s modulus (534.63 MPa) occurred at 3 mm/s and 0° infill, and the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (25.35 MPa) was achieved at 20 mm/s, and 90° infill. Both the Young’s modulus and UTS from the EPAM printed samples are lower than unpoled samples. A fully 3D printed device was demonstrated to identify the position and magnitude of forces and results were visualized via structure-embedded integrated Light emitting diodes (LEDs). Overall, with the advantage of mechanical structural design flexibility and ease of printing of piezoelectric materials, the developed EPAM technology opens a new avenue to simplify device design and fabrication methodologies along with low-cost implementations.

Carbon Nanocoils and Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Films for Fiber-Optic Fabry–Perot Acoustic Sensors

Carbon nanocoils (CNCs) are widely used in functional devices due to their helical morphology, which can be utilized in the fabrication of functional materials with unique properties. In this study, CNCs/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films were prepared using an electrostatic spinning method and used to form a diaphragm for Fabry–Perot acoustic sensors. With the addition of CNCs, the fabricated composite film showed enhanced mechanical performance responding to acoustic wave pressure. Considering the optical and mechanical response, the content of CNCs was set as 0.14 wt.%; the highest acoustic wave pressure response of the sensor was 1.89 V/Pa at 16.2 kHz, which was relatively higher than that of devices with pure polymer films. Additionally, the sensor had a broadband frequency response from 2 to 10 kHz. The results indicate that the proposed composite film acoustic sensor is suitable for low-frequency acoustic sensing, which lays the foundation for the extended application of functional sensors based on CNCs.

In-vitro antioxidant evaluation and production of biochar from distillation waste biomass of Mentha arvensis

Extraction of essential oils from aromatic plants generates a large amount of distillation waste, which needs to be managed properly. Conversion of this waste into valuable compounds with different applications will not only reduce environmental pollution but also provide a new avenue for complete utilization. The objective of the present study was to explore the distillation waste of Mentha arvensis for dual utilizations through the extraction of bioactive antioxidant/phenolic compounds and to re-use the exhaustive residues for the fabrication of functional materials like biochar. For the extraction of antioxidants and phenolics, several aqueous polar solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone) mixture were tried and 75 % aqueous methanol was found to be the best solvent in terms of extraction yield, total phenolic content and flavonoid content. The same extract also showed the highest antioxidant activity for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [(2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6sulphonic acid)] assay. After extraction of antioxidant/phenolics, the remaining exhaustive residues was re-used for the production of biochar, which was subsequently used as a potential soil amendment. A short-term soil incubation study was conducted with mentha distillation waste (MDW) biochar. The study indicated that MDW biochar can be used as an effective amendment for degraded soil as evidenced by improvements in soil pH, cation exchange capacity, available nutrients (N, P, and K) status, and soil biological properties in terms of microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity. Thus, this study helped to develop a strategy for complete recycling of MDW under circular economic model, which may also promote environmental sustainability.