Woven Fabrics Research Articles

A Texture‐Free Practical Model for Realistic Surface‐Based Rendering of Woven Fabrics

AbstractRendering woven fabrics is challenging due to the complex micro geometry and anisotropy appearance. Conventional solutions either fully model every yarn/ply/fibre for high fidelity at a high computational cost, or ignore details, that produce non‐realistic close‐up renderings. In this paper, we introduce a model that shares the advantages of both. Our model requires only binary patterns as input yet offers all the necessary micro‐level details by adding the yarn/ply/fibre implicitly. Moreover, we design a double‐layer representation to handle light transmission accurately and use a constant timed () approach to accurately and efficiently depict parallax and shadowing‐masking effects in a tandem way. We compare our model with curve‐based and surface‐based, on different patterns, under different lighting and evaluate with photographs to ensure capturing the aforementioned realistic effects.

Sandwich‐structured light‐transmitting composites based on waste textiles: Fabrication, optical properties, and bending failure behavior

AbstractCurrently, glass fiber‐reinforced resin composites, as an advanced optically transparent material, have garnered widespread attention and research. In the context of new‐era developments, there is a growing demand and expectation for the visual artistic expression of light‐transmitting composites. In this study, glass fiber fabric, silk fabric, and recycled polyester jacquard fabric were used as reinforcement materials, while epoxy resin was selected as the matrix material. A green decorative light‐transmitting composite with uniform light diffusion and soft light effects was prepared using the vacuum bag molding process. By altering the woven structure (plain weave, twill weave, satin weave), yarn density, and yarn twist of the silk fabric, the optical properties of the composites can be regulated. The unique triangular cross‐section, woven structure, and large folds of the plain‐woven silk fabric were particularly conducive to the reflection and refraction of light within the composite, thereby significantly enhancing the uniform light diffusion and soft light properties of the material. Furthermore, the bending failure behavior of the composites was investigated through three‐point bending tests, acoustic emission (AE) test, and micro‐computed tomography (Micro‐CT) scanning. The laminate specimens reinforced with plain‐woven silk fabric exhibited the best bending performance, with bending strength and modulus reaching 434.4 MPa and 19.0 GPa, respectively. The combination of AE and micro‐CT scanning techniques successfully established the correlation between AE signals and damage modes. This study identified the main failure modes for plain woven, twill woven, and satin woven silk reinforced composites as fiber breakage, interlayer delamination, and fiber/resin debonding, respectively.Highlights Waste textiles were recycled for use in transparent composites. Silk fabric's weave structure affected composites' optical properties. Fiber breakage was the main failure in bending of plain woven composites. Plain woven composites exhibited optimal diffuse light, superior flexural performance.

Analysis of Traditional Elements in Traditional Woven Fabrics Using the ATUMICS Method

Knowing about the elements of traditional elements is essential because it can inspire modern design, allowing for innovation while respecting cultural roots. One of the traditional Indonesian woven fabrics that has the potential to be developed and the elements of tradition are known is the Sidan Weaving fabric. Sidan weaving is one of the products made by the indigenous people of the Dayak Iban tribe who come from Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Therefore, the analysis of traditional elements in Sidan woven fabrics of the Endo Segadok weaving group in Menua Sadap Village was carried out to find out a more thorough understanding of Sidan woven fabric products, both in terms of visuals and meanings, so that every detail can be interpreted as part of a valuable cultural heritage and know the potential that can be developed. Data collection was carried out using observation, interview, and literature study methods, then analysis was carried out using the ATOMICS method. The results of the study stated that the results of the analysis of Sidan woven fabrics using the ATUMICS method showed that starting from the production process as a whole, it maintained and revived cultural traditions that had been passed down from generation to generation. Each element of the traditional element not only reflects aesthetics, but also contains a deep symbolic meaning related to the customs, beliefs, and cultural values of the local people.

Enhancing the Performance of Lignocellulosic Textile Fabrics by Chemical Treatment and Filler Modification

ABSTRACT To improve the durability of lignocellulosic jute textiles, the raw woven fabric (plain weave) was treated with alkali and aloe vera solution. A coating of unsaturated polyester resin was employed to protect the jute textiles from outdoor environmental degradation. The initiator for the resin was methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP). To further improve the performance of the polyester-coated jute textiles, 10% Ca(OH)2 fillers were mixed with the resin. Hence, the developed jute textile samples were – J0 (raw jute textile), J1 (alkali and aloe vera treated and polyester resin-coated jute textile), and J2 [Ca(OH)2 filler-modified textiles of J1]. The physico-mechanical characteristics of all the jute textile samples were examined and evaluated via tensile, moisture, and water uptake performances. It was revealed that tensile breaking strength increased by 56% and 129% for J1 and J2 textiles, respectively, compared to the J0. The filler content samples (J2) also demonstrated an enhanced moisture resistance performance compared to J0. Further characterization was performed using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis. The aging test demonstrated improved properties for the modified jute textile samples in acidic and salt solutions, but weight loss occurred in alkaline solutions.

Eco-Innovation: Applying the Woven Fabric from Dendrocalamus asper Fibers to Textile Product Design

Eco-Innovation: Applying the Woven Fabric from Dendrocalamus asper Fibers to Textile Product Design

Hydrophobic PU fabric with synergistic conductive networks for boosted high sensitivity, wide linear-range wearable strain sensor

Strain sensing fabrics are able to sense the deformation of the outside world, bringing more accurate and real-time monitoring and feedback to users. However, due to the lack of clear sensing mechanism for high sensitivity and high linearity carbon matrix composites, the preparation of high performance strain sensing fabric weaving is still a major challenge. Here, an elastic polyurethane (PU)-based conductive fabric (GCPU) with high sensitivity, high linearity and good hydrophobicity is prepared by a novel synergistic conductive network strategy. The GCPU fabric consists of graphene sheets (GS)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) elastic conductive layer and a PU elastic substrate. GS and CNTs can be constructed into a synergistic conductive network, and the fabric is endowed with high conductivity (1.193 S m-1). Simulated equivalent circuits show that GS in the conductive network will break violently under applied strain, making the GCPU fabric extremely sensitive (gauge factor 102). CNTs are spatially distributed in GS lamellae, avoiding the phenomenon that the constructed synergistic conductive network is violently fractured under the applied strain, which leads to the decrease of linearity (0.996). Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) was used as a dispersant and binder to uniformly disperse and closely bond GS and CNTs into PU fabrics. In addition, the hydrophobicity of SEBS makes the GCPU fabric resistant to water environment (The contact angle is 123°). Due to the good mechanical stability of GCPU fabric, GCPU fabric has a wide strain range (0%-50%) and high cycle stability (over 1000 cycles). In practice, GCPU fabric can accurately simulate and detect the size and deformation motion of human body. Therefore, the successful construction of elastic fabrics with synergistic conductive networks provides a feasible path for the design and manufacture of wearable intelligent fabrics.

Changes in hairiness of woven fabrics at the production and finishing stages

Advances in the textile industry have led to a shift from using empirical experience to design fabrics to using computer-aided systems. Objective fabric properties related to appearance, feel, and comfort are predicted based on the physical models. The look and feel of fabrics are greatly influenced by their complex surface topology, which can be defined by two main properties: roughness and hairiness. In this study, a roughness contactless measurement system originally designed for evaluating only the surface roughness was extended to evaluating the hairiness, which is quantified by spatial parameters obtained by the quadrat method. The modified system of Roughness Contactless Measurement system was applied to assessing work shirts across five production stages, and the experimental results demonstrated variations between gray and treated woven fabrics that could be attributed to shrinkage during water-based processes, subsequent drying under tension, and singeing. The gray and pretreated fabrics exhibited the highest hairiness, which was greatly reduced by singeing and stabilized during the finishing stage by an easy-care treatment.

Conductive Textile Embedded with Bioinspired Wettability for Prolonged and Energy Efficient Thermal Management.

The design of electrically conductive textiles appears to be a promising approach to combat the existing challenge of deaths caused by severe cold climates around the globe. However, reports on the scalable fabrication of tolerant conductive textiles maintaining a low electrical resistance with an ability for unperturbed and prolonged performance are scarce. Here, a breathable and wrappable water-repellent conductive textile (water-repellent CT) with electrothermal and photothermal conversion abilities at low external voltage and in weak solar light is introduced, respectively. In the current approach, less carbon-containing silver nanowires (AgNWs) are selected to spray deposit on a commercially available woven textile to attend a uniform and highly conductive network over a large dimension. The subsequent spray deposition of a reaction mixture of selected small molecules prevents aerial oxidation of deposited AgNWs even at elevated temperatures and provides bioinspired extreme water-repellence. Thus, it maintains an unperturbed performance even when exposed to different aqueous environment. Using the scalability of current approach and durability of prepared water-repellent CT, relevant wearable devices are derived to demonstrate personal heat management ability with rechargeable and portable battery for prolonged duration in severely cold conditions. Thus, the prepared water-repellent CT enabled an energy-efficient and "wrappable" heating, providing a basis for various potential applications.

A coupled non-orthogonal hypoelastic constitutive model for woven fabrics

Wrinkling, a common manufacturing-induced defect, can be delayed in dry woven fabrics by applying tension during processing. Such a known solution in industrial practice, is still not sufficiently implemented in the modeling and simulation of woven fabrics. This study proposes a new constitutive model considering fabric’s inherent coupling, non-orthogonality, and non-linearity. First, the intrinsic coupling in question is distinguished from the typical coupling presented by the Hook’s law. Then, the most influential forms of coupling are chosen and introduced to the model. Moreover, via experimental evidence, we reveal that the concept of inherent coupling raises a new issue: the load history dependency of the fabric. Accordingly, the base model was evolved to a hypoelastic form to capture this dependency. The stiffness functions of the introduced model are determined, considering the mechanical behavior of a typical polypropylene (PP)/glass plain weave and the underlying meso-scale sources of the coupling. An inverse method was employed to identify the unknown model parameters. While the basic loading modes such as the uniaxial tension and picture frame tests are utilized for model calibration, the more complex loading conditions such as the simultaneous biaxial tensile-shear test, which would be more comparable to actual forming processes, are selected as the independent datasets to validate accuracy of the model. Comparisons with the experimental results demonstrated that the coupled model predicts the behavior of the fabric more accurately than the uncoupled model.

Barrier Properties Against UV Radiation of Woven Fabrics Coated With Micronized Pumice

Abstract This research primarily investigates the UV properties obtained in woven fabrics with different properties coated with micronized pumice. Most of the studies in the textile industry are based on the search for new technologies and materials to produce functional products. In this study, three different types of fabrics woven from polyamide/viscose, polyamide/linen and cotton/silk yarns were covered with 50-μm pumice material at 5%, 10%, and 15% ratios. At these rates, the effect of pumice coating on the physical and UV properties of the mentioned fabrics was investigated. SEM/EDS analysis, tear strength, fabric stiffness (bending length) and air permeability values of the coated fabrics were evaluated. According to the results of the study, it was observed that the UPF values of fabrics coated with 15% pumice were improved by 5.08 times in cotton/silk, 8.7 times in polyamide/viscose and 34.9 times in polyamide/linen compared to control uncoated fabrics.

Matrix Swelling-Induced Precracking in Graphene Woven Fabric for Ultrasensitive Strain Sensors.

The growing demand for highly sensitive flexible strain sensors in applications such as wearable electronics, healthcare monitoring, and environmental sensing has driven the development of materials capable of detecting subtle deformations with high precision. Herein, we introduce a precracked strain sensor based on solvent-swollen graphene woven fabric/polydimethylsiloxane (sGWF/PDMS) composites, designed to achieve ultrahigh gauge factors (GFs) and enhanced responsiveness to minor deformations. By utilizing PDMS swelling to induce network microcracks within the graphene structure, the sGWF/PDMS composites exhibit substantially improved sensitivity compared to traditional graphene-based strain sensors. Systematic in situ SEM analyses reveal that these preexisting microcracks expand readily under minor strain, resulting in rapid resistance changes that underpin the high sensitivity achieved. With GFs reaching up to 82,378 at only 2.8% stretching strain, the sGWF/PDMS composites demonstrate excellent performance across various applications, including human motion detection such as monitoring pulses, eye blinks, and speech-related movements, as well as detecting environmental disturbances such as water surface ripples. These findings highlight matrix-swollen composites as a promising platform for high-sensitivity, low-strain detection, offering great potential for advancements in wearable electronics, environmental monitoring, and other precision sensing applications.

Design of Double Strains in Triboelectric Nanogenerators toward Improving Human Behavior Monitoring.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer a convenient means to convert mechanical energy from human movement into electricity, exhibiting the application prospects in human behavior monitoring. Nevertheless, the present methods to improve the device monitoring effect are limited to the design of a triboelectric material level (control of electron gain and loss ability). As compared with reported work, we improve the monitoring effect of TENG-based tactile sensors by optimizing the structure of the electrode/triboelectric material interface by means of a multiple strains mechanism. Cu@Ni double-clad waste woven fabrics are used as electrodes, which are characterized by a structure with a large number of pores formed between the fibers, greatly increasing the specific surface area of the electrode and generating dynamic strain under differentiated stress fields because of their different elastic modulus. To be exact, the resin layer undergoes elastic deformation under 0.64-4.47 kPa external stress and a new deformation generates at the electrode/triboelectric material interface induced by Cu@Ni double-clad woven fabrics slip under 4.47-63.84 kPa external stress, resulting in the accumulation of triboelectric charges on the PDMS surface. The establishment of multiple strains in triboelectric material further facilitates the generation of distinct triboelectric signal waveforms that are easily distinguishable by its amplitude and peak form. Besides, combined with deep machine learning and the triboelectric effect, in an open setting, the identification accuracy of five distinct behaviors approaches 100%. This provides a new pathway for enhancing identification accuracy of a TENG-based tactile sensor.

A Study of Reinforced Cement Paste Properties with Woven Fabrics from Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Bottle Yarn.

This study investigates the reinforcement of cement paste with woven fabrics made from recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottle yarn, aiming to enhance its mechanical properties while addressing PET waste. PET bottles were transformed into yarn with a denier of 3,593.8, strength of 91.2 N, and 25.6% elongation before breaking. The yarns were woven into plain weave, twill weave, and basket weave fabrics, with the basket weave exhibiting the highest yarn density at 10 threads per inch and fabric weight of 277.08 g per square meter. Mechanical testing of cement paste samples, unreinforced, reinforced with PET fabrics, and reinforced with standard fiberglass fabric, demonstrated that the basket weave fabric reinforced samples exhibited superior compressive and flexural strengths of 31.99 and 1.53 N per square millimeter, respectively. This study highlights the potential of using PET bottle yarn woven fabrics, especially the basket weave pattern, as an effective and sustainable reinforcement material in cement paste. The findings offer a promising approach for PET waste valorization and the development of construction materials with improved performance. Environmental and economic assessments indicate that this approach can reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 11% and achieve cost savings of 6.4% compared to traditional glass fiber reinforcement. These results demonstrate the potential for sustainable engineering solutions that combine environmental benefits with economic viability.

Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of three-dimensional multilayered interlaced woven fabrics using stainless steel fibers.

This study explores and discusses the design, the manufacturing and the morphology of three-dimensional (3D) multilayered weft interlaced woven fabrics using stainless steel fibers on the electromagnetic shielding efficiency (SE). Design solutions of 3D multilayered interlaced fabrics in relation to electromagnetic shielding efficiency are still not sufficiently investigated. Moreover, this study aims to analyze the differences in the internal geometry of 3D multilayered weft interlaced fabrics with different number of layers and frequency of connecting points in multilayered woven fabrics on electromagnetic SE. For this study, the input staple yarn 2×20 tex (mixed 80% polyester/20% stainless steel fibers) is used for production of approximately 28 types of different 3D multilayer weft interlaced woven fabrics (two and three-layer), with connecting points ranging from 0.5cm×0.5cm-5cm×5cm. The comparison of internal fabric microstructures indicates statistically significant differences in relation to SE, and this contribution extends the theoretical guidance of woven fabric construction with the design and production of special 3D multilayered interlaced fabrics with controlled SE.

Numerical study of low-velocity impact performance of hybrid carbon/Twaron woven fabric

In the present study, a finite element impact model of plain-woven fabric was developed and analyzed using commercial FEM code ANSYS® and then validated via a drop-weight impact experiment. Then numerical analysis was carried out to investigate the low-velocity impact performance of hybrid carbon/Twaron fabric. During the analysis, several factors were considered, such as different hybrid ratios of plain fabric, hybrid fabric with different weaves, and the case of a hybrid multi-layer fabric panel. The results show that among the different types of hybrid plain fabric, the impact scenario of plain fabric with a hybrid ratio of 1:1, where carbon yarns are only in the warp direction and Twaron yarns are only in the weft direction (M4-2), has the best impact resistance performance. The impact scenario M4-2 performed excellently in other weaves, such as twill weave, while impact scenario M4-1 (plain fabric with a hybrid ratio of 1:1, one carbon yarns interval with one Twaron yarn) in basket weave showed high suitability for body armor in terms of impact protection. Additionally, arranging Twaron fabric in the top layers of a hybrid multi-layer carbon/Twaron fabric panel yielded superior impact resistance performance during low-velocity impact events compared to other layer arrangements.

Dispersion of bacterial cellulose bundles in organic solvents and their assembly as ultra-low grammage coating on woven fabric

Dispersion of bacterial cellulose bundles in organic solvents and their assembly as ultra-low grammage coating on woven fabric

The Detection of Formaldehyde in Woven and Non-Woven Fabrics Found in Discount Markets and Online Shopping

The Detection of Formaldehyde in Woven and Non-Woven Fabrics Found in Discount Markets and Online Shopping

Enhancing the filtration performance of common substrates used in the Covid-19 respiratory protection equipment with nanofiber coatings.

With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant increase in the demand for facemasks as an effective means of protection. As a result, a variety of materials, including woven and nonwoven fabrics, have been utilized as filtration mediums in respiratory protection equipment (RPEs). However, many of these RPEs, despite their widespread use, do not provide adequate protection against aerosols and bioaerosols. Recent studies have demonstrated that nanofiber coatings possess properties that can enhance the protective capabilities of RPEs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of applying nanofiber coatings on the filtration properties of common substrates used in RPEs. Specifically, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN modified with CuBTC nanofibers (PAN/CuBTC) were coated onto seven common types of substrates used in RPEs: two types of melt-blown fabric with grammages of 15 and 25g/m2, two types of spunbond fabric with grammages of 25 and 30g/m2, SSMMS fabric with a grammage of 25g/m2, activated carbon fabric, and Tetron fabric. The initial filtration efficiency, pressure drop, and quality factor of the prepared media were then measured. The results clearly indicated that the application of PAN and PAN/CuBTC nanofiber coatings significantly enhances the filtration efficiency of all examined substrate layers, achieving efficiencies exceeding 90% and 95% at the most penetrating particle size (MPPS, 300nm), respectively. The assessment of the quality factor revealed that the highest quality factor values before and after coating with PAN and PAN/CuBTC nanofibers corresponded to the SSMMS substrates, with values of 0.023, 0.072, and 0.094Pa⁻1, while the lowest quality factor values were associated with Tetron, which had values of 0.002, 0.016, and 0.021Pa⁻1, respectively.The comparison of various substrates revealed that the SSMMS fabric exhibited the highest quality factor after coverage with nanofibers, while the Tetron fabric demonstrated the lowest quality factor. Based on the quality criteria, the SSMMS fabric was the best substrate for nanofiber coatings, followed by melt-blown, spun bond, and activated carbon fabrics, whereas the Tetron fabric was not recommended for this application due to a high respiratory pressure drop.

Ballistic behavior of three-dimensional orthotropic woven fabric using virtual-fiber model

Ballistic behavior of three-dimensional orthotropic woven fabric using virtual-fiber model

Bayesian Network approach in analyzing the sustainability of the cultural industry ‘the sacred’ Gringsing Weaving

Bali is a popular tourist destination in the world, and the main entry point for foreign tourists to Indonesia. Bali is also an area in Indonesia that is famous for producing woven fabrics, which have various characteristics in each region. Gringsing weaving is one of the traditional Balinese fabrics from Tenganan Village which is considered sacred and its manufacture takes quite a long time, and is carried out with special techniques that are very difficult. This study aims to analyze and map factors related to the sustainability of the Gringsing weaving cultural industry, using the Bayesian Network approach. The results of the FGD with related stakeholders mapped the structure that forms Gringsing industrial sustainability, such as income, social capital, incentives, natural capital, custom law, and traditional institutions. Further analysis was carried out using the Bayesian Network technique and GeNIe tools. In forming the structure of thinking about the sustainability of the Gringsing Weaving industry, the related factors include culture, traditional institutions, natural capital, social capital, to economic factors, such as income and special incentives from the government. Specifically, the role of traditional institutions and government (through special incentives) was analyzed, and it was found that both factors can increase the probability of the sustainability of the gringsing weaving industry. The results of the sensitivity analysis also show that the sustainability of the Gringsing weaving industry is highly influenced (sensitive) to the increasing role of traditional institutions.