Woven Fabrics Research Articles

Optimization of Abrasive Wear Parameters and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Bauhinia Vahlii and Grewia Optiva Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites

Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite offers competitive solutions for lightweight applications but faces significant abrasive wear challenges in many industrial and automobile applications. The current study aims to conduct mechanical, physical, and dynamic mechanical analyses, as well as three body abrasion examinations, on grewia-optiva (GO) and bauhinia-vahlii (BV) natural fiber-reinforced epoxy-based hybrid polymer composites containing marble dust as filler. Initially, the woven mat was knitted with an equal amount of grewia-optiva and bauhinia-vahlii natural fibers. Three weight percentages of the woven mat i.e. 10, 20, and 30wt.% were used as reinforcement, and industrial waste marble dust with a fixed amount of 5wt.% was also used as a filler material. GO, and BV fiber mats were chemically treated with 10wt—% NaOH for the cleaning and surface modification of fibers before their use as reinforcement. The fabricated composites' physical and mechanical characteristics, i.e., density, water absorption, hardness, impact, flexural, and tensile strength were examined experimentally. The value of the damping factor (tan δ), storage modulus (Eʹ), and loss modulus (Eʹʹ) of the developed composites were analyzed by a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The fabricated composites' three-body abrasive wear characteristics were also examined with varying parameters i.e. A: fiber loading, B: sliding distance, and C: normal load. The results show that increasing the fiber loading and using a constant amount of discarded marble dust improves all mechanical characteristics. The tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness improves by 15.99%, 26.30%, 24.40%, and 30.39% respectively for 10wt.% to 30wt.% fiber loading. The composites exhibit significant improvements in damping properties with fiber loading. Moreover, parameters i.e. normal load, speed, and fiber loading have contributed to abrasive wear of composites at 29.70%, 24.81%, and 19.07% respectively. This study will aid in the analysis of the morphological, mechanical, and thermo-mechanical properties of a new class of composite material that might be used for producing natural polymeric roofing systems, boats, and floors, as well as for the automobile industry.

Art inheritance: Revitalizing traditional material culture motifs through innovative graphic design and artistic expression

Orang Ulu's culture and traditions are adapting to modernization and finding new ways to thrive amidst changes that have influenced various aspects of their lives and material culture in Malaysia. This paper highlights the exciting potential for Orang Ulu’s material culture to flourish through the development of motif design and presents the first Orang Ulu woven fabric in a 3D graphical view. Motif design is a beautiful way to preserve and promote the rich cultural identity of Orang Ulu through graphical expression. It also has the potential to boost the local economy by providing employment opportunities for skilled artisans. The paper highlights the importance of Orang Ulu motif design in their material culture, emphasizes the value of art as a tool for cultural expression and preservation, and outlines the development of these designs through graphic design and research. This study has adopted mixed-methods research to achieve its goal. The accomplished method for this study is categorized into three phases: research and inspiration in Orang Ulu's material culture market; 2D motif design conceptualization; and 3D artistic creation. This study recommends exploring the potential for incorporating Orang Ulu motifs in apparel products. The findings showcase the exciting potential for small and medium enterprises to preserve and promote the Orang Ulu cultural heritage and sustainability while providing economic benefits for the community.

Yarn‐to‐Yarn Surface Area and Roughness as Structural Engineering Tools for Optimizing the Electrical Output of Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Geometrical and Experimental Verification

AbstractThis paper investigates the performance of woven triboelectric nanogenerators (W‐TENGs) fabricated with different fabric patterns, specifically plain, twill, and hopsack weaves, using wool and polyester yarns. It is intended to enhance the electrical output and efficiency of W‐TENGs for potential applications in wearable electronics by optimizing the weaving pattern. Results indicate that W‐TENGs with twill 2/2 and hopsack 2/2 patterns exhibit superior electrical outputs, attributed to their higher contact surface area and roughness. The twill 2/2 pattern demonstrates the highest electrical output, generating an open‐circuit voltage of 4.7 V, a short‐circuit current of 4 µA, and a transferred charge of 0.35 µC. This study also highlights the critical role of surface area and dielectric material roughness in determining the output performance of triboelectric structures. A theoretical model is developed to calculate the real contact surface area of the woven fabrics with different patterns. Statistical analysis reveals significant relationships between surface roughness parameters and electrical performance. Dynamic testing under varying contact forces and frequencies demonstrates the practical applicability and robustness of the W‐TENGs. Furthermore, the devices exhibit excellent durability, maintaining stable performance over extended periods. This research provides new insights into fabric design strategies for optimizing energy harvesting in wearable devices.

Effect of gluing garment materials with adhesive inserts on their multidirectional drape and bending rigidity

Abstract The article concerns the study on multidirectional drape and bending rigidity of six wool (clothing) fabrics with two types of adhesive inserts. The aim of research was to investigate the effect of joining woolen fabrics with “Freudenberg Vilene” adhesive inserts on the bending rigidity and multidirectional drape. The adhesive inserts were differentiated according to mass per square meter, while the fabrics were differentiated according to thickness, weave, and mass per square meter. Based on the scientific literature, the issues related to the methods of testing the bending rigidity and multidirectional drape coefficient were discussed. All the conducted tests were aimed at the proper selection of adhesive inserts for the designed clothing products. The use of adhesive inserts affects the bending stiffness and multidirectional drapeability of clothing material. The fabric weave significantly affects the values of bending rigidity and drapeability. As the thickness of adhesive inserts increases, the overall bending rigidity increases. The greater the fabric mass per square meter, the stiffer the fabric. As the mass per square meter and thickness increase, the multidirectional rigidity of fabrics increases. The value of bending rigidity for the plain fabric is higher compared to twill fabric.

Hybrid Oversampling and Undersampling Method (HOUM) via Safe-Level SMOTE and Support Vector Machine

The improvements in collecting and processing data using machine learning algorithms have increased the interest in data mining. This trend has led to the development of real-life decision support systems (DSSs) in diverse areas such as biomedical informatics, fraud detection, natural language processing, face recognition, autonomous vehicles, image processing, and each part of the real production environment. The imbalanced datasets in some of these studies, which result in low performance measures, have highlighted the need for additional efforts to address this issue. The proposed method (HOUM) is used to address the issue of imbalanced datasets for classification problems in this study. The aim of the model is to prevent the overfitting problem caused by oversampling and valuable data loss caused by undersampling in imbalanced data and obtain successful classification results. The HOUM is a hybrid approach that tackles imbalanced class distribution challenges, refines datasets, and improves model robustness. In the first step, majority-class data points that are distant from the decision boundary obtained via SVM are reduced. If the data are not balanced, SLS is employed to augment the minority-class data. This loop continues until the dataset becomes balanced. The main contribution of the proposed method is reproducing informative minority data using SLS and diminishing non-informative majority data using the SVM before applying classification techniques. Firstly, the efficiency of the proposed method, the HOUM, is verified by comparison with the SMOTE, SMOTEENN, and SMOTETomek techniques using eight datasets. Then, the results of the W-SIMO and RusAda algorithms, which were developed for imbalanced datasets, are compared with those of the HOUM. The strength of the HOUM is revealed through this comparison. The proposed HOUM algorithm utilizes a real dataset obtained from a project endorsed by The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey. The collected data include quality control and processing parameters of yarn data. The aim of this project is to prevent yarn breakage errors during the weaving process on looms. This study introduces a decision support system (DSS) designed to prevent yarn breakage during fabric weaving. The high performance of the algorithm may encourage producers to manage yarn flow and enhance the HOUM’s efficiency as a DSS.

Experimental Investigation on Bending Properties of DP780 Dual-Phase Steel Strengthened by Hybrid Polymer Composite with Aramid and Carbon Fibers.

Lowering passenger vehicle weight is a major contributor to improving fuel consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. One fundamental method to achieving lighter cars is to replace heavy materials with lighter ones while still ensuring the required strength, durability, and ride comfort. Currently, there is increasing interest in hybrid structures obtained through adhesive bonding of high-performance fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to high-strength steel sheets. The high weight reduction potential of steel/FRP hybrid structures is obtained by the thickness reduction of the steel sheet with the use of a lightweight FRP. The result is a lighter structure, but it is challenging to retain the stiffness and load-carrying capacity of an unreduced-thickness steel sheet. This work investigates the bending properties of a non-reinforced DP780 steel sheet that has a thickness of 1.45 mm (S1.45) and a hybrid structure (S1.15/ACFRP), and its mechanical properties are examined. The proposed hybrid structure is composed of a DP780 steel sheet with a thickness of 1.15 mm (S1.15) and a hybrid composite (ACFRP) made from two plies of woven hybrid fabric of aramid and carbon fibers and an epoxy resin matrix. The hybridization effect of S1.15 with ACFRP is investigated, and the results are compared with those available in the literature. S1.15/ACFRP is only 5.71% heavier than S1.15, but its bending properties, including bending stiffness, maximum bending load capacity, and absorbed energy, are higher by 29.7, 49.8, and 41.2%, respectively. The results show that debonding at the interface between S1.15 and ACFRP is the primary mode of fracture in S1.15/ACFRP. Importantly, S1.15 is permanently deformed because it reaches its peak plastic strain. It is found that the reinforcement layers of ACFRP remain undamaged during the entire loading process. In the case of S1.45, typical ductile behavior and a two-stage bending response are observed. S1.15/ACFRP and S1.45 are also compared in terms of their weight and bending properties. It is observed that S1.15/ACFRP is 16.47% lighter than S1.45. However, the bending stiffness, maximum bending load capacity, and absorbed energy of S1.15/ACFRP remain 34.4, 11.5, and 21.1% lower compared to S1.45, respectively. Therefore, several modifications to the hybrid structure are suggested to improve its mechanical properties. The results of this study provide valuable conclusions and useful data to continue further research on the application of S1.15/ACFRP in the design of lightweight and durable thin-walled structures.

Blockchain-Based TraditionalWeaving Certification and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature

Traditional weaving in West Nusa Tenggara was essential to the region’s cultural heritage. Many local micro, small, and medium enterprises continued to practice traditional weaving using natural materials. However, the rise of synthetic materials threatened this tradition, making distinguishing between natural and synthetic woven fabrics difficult. This study aimed to develop a blockchain-based self-certification system to enhance traceability, security, and efficiency using Non-Fungible Tokens. The research method leveraged the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm for user authentication and smart contracts to mint Non-Fungible Tokens, ensuring the authenticity and origin of each product.Each product’s metadata was signed with a digital signature that anyone could authenticate, and the outcome and the product metadata became a certificate. This study resulted in a web prototype with an easy-to-use interface that allowed artisans to create certificates and sell their registered works. This solution aimed to ensure the authenticity of traditional woven products by offering secure and transparent blockchain technology.

Mechanical Behaviour of Green Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Sheep and Dog Wool from Serra Da Estrela.

Environmental awareness has led industries and consumers to replace products derived from oil resources with products derived from natural sources. In the case of the composite materials industry, the replacement of synthetic fibres with natural fibres has increased in recent years. To study the influence that different types of natural fibres and different textile manufacturing techniques have on the mechanical properties of composites, bio-based epoxy matrix composites reinforced with different natural animal fibres were produced, some reinforced with sheep's wool and others with dog wool, which were later subjected to bending and tensile tests. From the authors' knowledge, there are few studies of composites produced with animal fibres, and even fewer with dog hair. The textile structures used as reinforcement were created using crochet, knitting, and weaving techniques. Prior to the composites production, the fibres were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (X-RD), and the yarns produced from these fibres were subjected to tensile tests. The results obtained suggest that the number of yarns and the diameter of the needles used during the production of the reinforcement have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the composites. The green epoxy resin composites reinforced with sheep's wool exhibit higher values of flexural strength, tensile strength, and Young's modulus than those reinforced with dog wool, with average increases of 36.97%, 45.16%, and 72.99%, respectively. It was also possible to verify that the composites reinforced with woven fabrics and crocheted fabrics exhibit the highest values of tensile strength, flexural strength, and Young's modulus. Additionally, the composites reinforced with woven fabrics exhibit the highest values of deformation at first failure/break and toughness.

Evaluation of polyester high-tenacity fabric and carbon nanotube reinforcements for improving flexural response in concrete beams.

This research scrutinized the effectiveness of utilizing polyester high tenacity fabrics to enhance the functionality of concrete panels. Two distinct woven fabrics with comparable strength resistance were fabricated and assessed. Concrete beams were compared in their original form and those reinforced with woven fabrics, along with beams reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (B, BC2, BC4, BS1, and BS2). Results indicated that the textile-reinforced concrete panels displayed notably greater energy absorption capabilities post-failure under flexural loads in comparison to the control and CNT-reinforced panels. This enhanced performance was credited to the development of multiple cracking patterns in the textile-reinforced panels. The flexural behavior of the textile-reinforced panels was characterized by four discernible phases: a linearly increasing segment, a crack propagation phase featuring multiple cracking, a post-cracking phase with reduced stiffness, and ultimately, failure due to fabric rupture or debonding. Conversely, the control and CNT-reinforced panels exhibited a more brittle response post-initial cracking, with a limited number of cracks and reduced deformation capacity. The performance of the textile samples was largely unaffected by their specific characteristics, except for the fabric wrapping angle. The introduction of 0.04% CNTs marginally enhanced crack flexural resistance compared to the control and 0.02% CNT panels, owing to the varied distribution of CNTs within the matrix. Overall, the textile-reinforced concrete panels demonstrated superior load-bearing capacity, ductility, and energy absorption when compared to the other reinforcement techniques examined.

Shielding Effectiveness of Textile Woven Fabric with Carbon Nanotubes Yarn

ABSTRACT This study explores the electromagnetic properties of flat textile products enhanced with carbon nanotube (CNT) threads used as the weft. CNT threads, fabricated via dry-spinning, were integrated into fabrics by wrapping them around steel threads to form a solenoid-like structure. To further improve electromagnetic attenuation, the CNT yarn was coated with graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles. The research assessed the impact of these modifications on the fabric’s ability to attenuate alternating electromagnetic fields across a range of frequencies. Results showed enhanced attenuation at 30 MHz and 500 MHz. CNT yarn wrapped around steel threads achieved attenuation efficiencies of 18 dB at 30 MHz and 22 dB at 500 MHz, with a notable 10 dB improvement at 30 MHz over the reference. Fabrics with CNT yarn coated with graphene oxide demonstrated similar performance to the reference fabric at 500 MHz and an 8 dB increase at 30 MHz. Similarly, CNT yarn with silver nanoparticles showed comparable performance at higher frequencies but matched the reference at 30 MHz. These results indicate significant enhancement at lower frequencies, with benefits diminishing at higher. This study underscores the potential of integrating CNTs and metal nanoparticles into textiles to improve electromagnetic shielding, especially across specific frequencies.

Representations of Music and the Dance in Late Roman Art

Music and the dance are an important theme represented in various artistic media of the Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods, including mosaic pavements and decorative arts such as silver metalwork, woven textiles, and carved ivories. A popular aspect of this theme is imagery of the Dionysiac thiasos, with members of the wine god’s entourage making merry by dancing and sounding crotala or cymbal tongs, as we see in a fragmentary mosaic from the House of the Dionysiac Thiasos at Augusta Traiana – Beroe. A similar effect occurs in either an expanded or a somewhat reduced format in pavements from Argos and Madaba. Besides mosaics, this subject also appears on Late Antique silver plate made for display, such as objects in the Mildenhall Treasure from Roman Britain and related works. Coptic textiles used to ornament private houses as colorful wall hangings feature lively dancers and musicians, and these figures may or may not have a mythological identity. Other non-mythological representations of music and the dance appeared in domestic and public settings. An outstanding example is the well-preserved Mosaic of Female Musicians that decorated a house in Mariamin, Syria, and that assembles an impressive group of instrumentalists and a dancer. One observes a pipe organ (hydraulis) along with a cithara, an aulos, and an acetabulum, consisting of a series of metal bowls struck with a baton. Elsewhere there are depicted a pantomime performance with an organ accompaniment, visible in a mosaic from Noheda, Spain, as well as music-making and dancing in the context of the circus. The latter subject appears on a consular diptych, and on the base of the Obelisk of Theodosius in Constantinople. We finally note that the pipe organ was later adopted for use in the church liturgy, reflected in an illustration in the Utrecht Psalter of 9th-century date. If the latter work of art is a copy of a Late Antique manuscript, as some scholars believe, then the pipe organ’s adoption for Christian ceremonial practice should be dated earlier than originally thought.

Green hybrid composites partially reinforced with flax woven fabric and coconut shell waste-based micro-fillers

This research is focused on hybrid green composites using flax woven fabric in which the matrix phase was further reinforced with coconut shell waste-based cellulosic microparticles as fillers. Mesoscale mechanical models were successfully developed to simulate the tensile properties of such hybrid composites based on hybridization of fibers and biobased materials using epoxy resin. S-glass fabrics with plain, twill and biaxial constructions, were used as the outer layers, while plain-woven flax fabric was used as the middle layer. A high level of agreement was observed between the experimental and predicted values. The static tensile tests were followed by cyclic tensile tests, microscopic analysis of fracture surfaces and dynamic mechanical analysis. The influence of the hybrid fabric geometry and combination with biowaste-based micro cellulosic material was observed to significantly influence the tensile properties determined by both experimental and numerical analysis. Dynamic mechanical analysis also validated the quasistatic measurements. A higher storage modulus and loss modulus were registered for the hybrid composites impregnated with a 1 % bio filler-based matrix. The damping factor (tan delta) was lower for the hybrid composites than for the nonhybrid samples and the control samples from the pure matrix. This difference is attributed to the stronger interface between the fibers and the particle-based matrix, which restricts the molecular mobility and increases the stiffness of the composites. Fractographic images were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the failure modes and mechanisms of the composite samples. The microparticles were uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin and thus enabled microcracking rather than macrocracks. The failure mainly occurred due to fiber failure, matrix cracking and delamination. Such hybrid composites are useful for exterior and interior components in automotive applications.

Social And Cultural Identity Of Traditional Gringsing And Bantenan Weaving Cloth

The research conducted by Merdeka and Merdeka Belajar Campus (MBKM) focuses on the socio-cultural identity of Gringsing of Bali and Bantenan of Minahasa traditional woven cloth. The unique patterns, motifs, and identities of these traditional woven cloths within Balinese and Minahasa cultures are explored. The research aims to identify and describe these fabrics' social and cultural identity through an explanatory, descriptive, qualitative approach. Drawing on the sociological theory of fashion and clothing by Diana Crane and Laura Bovone, the research seeks to highlight the distinctive styles and motifs of Gringsing and Bantenan woven fabrics. Additionally, the study aims to uncover the evolving philosophical significance of Gringsing and Bantenan woven cloth. These fabrics have transitioned from solely used in traditional and religious activities to now being incorporated into everyday attire, including office uniforms and other social engagements. Gringsing and Bantenan woven fabrics showcase a variety of motifs, colors, and patterns, such as flora and fauna designs. The use of these traditional woven cloths from Gringsing and Bantenan serves as a means to express individual and collective social and regional identities. Moreover, given their significant domestic and international demand, these fabrics can serve as communication tools in cultural exchanges, thereby embodying the social identity of the Indonesia]

Evaluation of the UV Protection Properties of Para-Aramid Woven Fabrics with Various Specialty Core Yarns.

Para-aramid fibers, known for their remarkable strength and thermal stability, are frequently employed in protective textiles for military and aerospace applications. However, continuous exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage their protective characteristics. This study analyzes the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) and UV transmittance of woven fabrics produced from 30/2 Ne spun para-aramid yarns in the warp and 10 Ne core-spun yarns in the weft. The weft yarns consisted of three sheath fibers-para-aramid, meta-aramid, and polyester-in combination with different specialty core materials. The results show significant differences in UPF before and after UV exposure, with para-aramid sheaths giving the highest improvement. UV exposure caused structural changes in the fibers, resulting in increased UV protection, particularly in fabrics with para-aramid sheaths. This study concludes that the combination of para-aramid fibers with specific core materials significantly enhances UV protection, making them well-suited for applications in high UV exposure environments.

Design, Exploitation, and Rational Improvements of Diazirine-Based Universal Polymer Crosslinkers.

ConspectusAddition of new covalent bonds between the chains of thermoplastic polymers (i.e., crosslinking) provides improved mechanical strength and enhanced high-temperature performance while also providing an effective strategy for photopatterning. Traditionally, however, crosslinking of each polymer substrate has required the use of a specific crosslinking technology (hydrosilylation for PDMS, vulcanization for rubber, etc.). The lack of a general solution to the challenge of polymer crosslinking means that there are many thermoplastics (e.g., polypropylene or polyhydroxyalkanoates) that have desirable properties, but which cannot be upgraded by traditional crosslinking technologies.Our lab developed the first universal crosslinkers for aliphatic polymers by leveraging trifluoromethyl aryl diazirine motifs, functional groups that have been widely used in chemical biology for >30 years, but which have seldom been exploited in materials science. These novel reagents work (via C-H insertion) on essentially any commodity polymer that contains aliphatic C-H bonds, including industrial plastics like polypropylene (the crosslinking of which has been an outstanding challenge in the field for >50 years), as well as commercially important elastomers (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane), biodegradable polymers (e.g., polycaprolactone), and green polymer materials derived from biomass (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates).Subsequent structure-function work from our group led to crosslinkers that were >10-fold more effective in undergoing C-H insertion with aliphatic substrates. We then developed an improved synthesis of our electronically optimized diazirines and incorporated them into a family of cleavable crosslinker reagents, which permit the on-demand generation of reprocessable thermosets. At the same time, other groups replaced the perfluoropropyl linker in our first-generation crosslinker with a series of dynamic linkages; these permit the ready generation of vitrimeric materials and can be used in the reactive compatibilization of immiscible plastic waste.Since the publication of our initial Science paper in 2019, this burgeoning field of diazirine-based polymer crosslinkers has experienced an explosion of interest. Publications from our lab and others have described the use of these reagents in covalent adhesion, photopatterning of low dielectric materials for microelectronics, and direct optical printing of quantum dots. Our crosslinkers have also been shown to heighten the robustness of ice-phobic coatings and improve the performance of woven ballistic fabric, while─perhaps most unexpectedly─substantially improving the stability of high-performance perovskite solar cells. Electronically optimized diazirines can also be used to covalently link proteins to polymer surfaces, suggesting a broad range of applications in the biocompatibilization of medical devices. This Account will summarize the development of trifluoromethyl aryl diazirine reagents for materials science over the past 5 years. A brief comparison will also be made, in the Summary and Outlook section at the end of the Account, to competing (and often complementary) reagents based upon azide and diazoalkyl motifs. Finally, we have compiled a Frequently Asked Questions list that covers many practical aspects of crosslinker design and application; this is appended as Supporting Information.

Utilization of NTT-Weave Waste for Pastors to Improve Community Economy in Kupang Regency

The remains of NTT woven fabrics are generally thrown away and not utilized by the community in Kupang Regency. Reusing these remains into various accessories has many uses, which shows that the remains can play a good role if managed in products with a selling value. The purpose of this community service is to improve the skills of pastors in utilizing waste cloth into accessories that have high selling value so that they can pass on this knowledge to the congregation, hoping to improve the economy of the community in Kupang Regency. This service method uses community-based research (CBR) by the service team and partners. The team carried out PKM activities according to the predetermined schedule: August 31 - September 1, 2023. The results of community service activities obtained through activity utilization sheets by distributing questionnaires containing 14 statements to 15 participants showed that 13 participants stated that they were very satisfied with this activity, 86.7%, and two other participants chose the satisfied category with a percentage of 13.3%. This activity is considered very beneficial for pastors in the East Kupang Classis. It is hoped that there will be more in-depth training related to making earrings with the latest models and characteristics so that they can be registered with HKI and need to be continued with business management training.

Visual pattern auto-generation for yarn-dyed plaid fabric based on modified genetic operators

With the aggravated homogenization of the commodity in the increasingly competitive marketplace, the industries have been converted to design and manufacture small batch productions with a wide variety. To reduce the designer’s burden and shorten the design cycle of the product, an auto-generation method for the pattern of yarn-dyed fabric was proposed based on the modified genetic operators. Initially, the design elements to form the pattern were extracted and encoded as a chromosome by natural number encoding. Then, the fabric weave model was built using the matrix of 0 and 1. Based on the color scheme and yarn arrangement, the pattern of yarn-dyed fabric can be generated automatically. The elements can be exchanged to generate new patterns by the genetic operators. Finally, the obtained pattern was imported into the three-dimensional virtual shirt model. Experiments show that the proposed method can help the designer obtain different patterns quickly and effectively, and different design elements can be controlled according to the requirements of the designer. Based on the annual fashion trend, fashionable colors can be involved to realize fast reaction in product design.

A rationalized macroscopic failure criterion of composite woven fabrics for airship structures

Composite woven fabrics are increasingly employed in architecture and aerospace for their excellent properties, such as lightweight, high specific strength, large surface area, and satisfactory deployability. The strength behavior is essential for various membrane structures as structural failure is serious. However, an accurate, simplified, and universal failure criterion has not been reported due to the inherent complexities of composite woven fabrics. This paper thus studies the tensile strength behaviors of airship fabrics and proposes a rationalized macroscopic failure criterion (Chen-Chen criterion) based on theoretical analysis and experimental observations. The generalized Chen-Chen criterion inherently satisfies the conditions of symmetry, dimensionless, and uniaxial tensile strength (UTS) boundary, with a maximum absolute deviation of only 1.34 % for two airship fabrics. Additionally, the UTS-based criteria were derived particularly for flexible plain-weave polyesters to avoid laborious and costly biaxial strength tests. The average deviations of constant and linear Chen-Chen criteria are 6.01 %, 4.91 %, while that of the Norris criterion reaches 13.34 %. Furthermore, the numerical implementation of the Chen-Chen criterion was demonstrated by biaxial tensile simulations. The failure strength and location predicted by the numerical analysis show good consistency with the experimental results.

Investigations on the influence of thickness and preform structure on the mechanical performance of novel textile composites with woven Kevlar® fabric reinforcement and poly methylmethacrylate (Elium®) matrix

Abstract Elium (novel methyl methacrylate (MMA)) resin is a liquid thermoplastic resin curable at room temperature and a possible replacement for epoxies. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of novel Kevlar fabric reinforced Elium composites with different thicknesses. The plain-woven structure Kevlar/Elium laminates were manufactured with 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm thicknesses through vacuum-assisted resin infusion moulding, where 8 and 12 layers of woven fabrics were used, respectively. The effect of laminate thickness was measured in terms of mechanical (tensile, flexural, shear, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)) and physical (density and fibre volume fraction (FVF)) characteristics. The density of the laminates was found in the range of 1.18–1.31 g cm−3. FVF was 50.69 and 52.27% for 1.5 and 2.5 mm thick laminates, respectively. The composite with 1.5 mm thickness exhibited the highest tensile strength (667.9 MPa) and flexural strength of 330.7 MPa. Conversely, the highest interlaminar shear strength measured for 2.5 mm thick laminate is 16.5 MPa. The DMA analysis recorded the highest storage and loss modulus for 2.5 mm thickness laminates. The fractography analysis confirmed the quantified experimental observation of excessive interface debonding and delamination. Elium composites may be suitable for high-end structural applications, including marine and aircraft structures.

Ekplorasi Etnomatematika Kain Tenun Kampung Bokuna di Kecamatan Wewewa

In general, the North Wewewa Wewewa Woven Fabric of Bokuna Village is passed down from the ancestors and followed until now this Woven Fabric has beautiful motifs made based on daily life and also from nature. Ethnomathematics is a bridge between culture and mathematics, ethmomathematics is adapted by cultural groups to see that the culture contains mathematical aspects. This research aims to find out the concept of geometry in Woven Fabrics. The data collected is in the form of documentation, interviews, and observation results. The type of research used in qualitative descriptive is to describe the mathematical elements contained in woven fabrics. Data collection uses observation and interviews. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis show that Woven Fabrics are sacred crafts that are inherited from ancestors or from generation to generation. In the study, the researcher found several one-dimensional and two-dimensional buildings. The geometric shapes found by the researcher are: rectangular shape on the entire shape of the woven fabric, an equilateral triangle shape on the mamuli motif, an isosceles triangle shape on the flower motif, a bele ketupat shape on the star motif, a rectangular shape on the entire woven fabric, a square shape on the butterfly motif