Textile Materials Research Articles

Rapid Textile Fibers Classification Technology Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning

The accurate identification of textile materials plays a crucial role in production control, quality inspection, and market regulation. In recent years, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been widely applied in the identification and classification of textile fibers due to its rapid, non-destructive, and efficient characteristics. Therefore, this study utilizes a handheld near-infrared spectrometer and chemometrics to provide a convenient, efficient, non-destructive, and green analytical method for the qualitative analysis of textiles. The article collects spectral data of fiber samples using a handheld NIR spectrometer and analyzes them with chemometric methods. Data preprocessing techniques, feature extraction algorithms, comprehensive sampling methods, and classification algorithms are employed to establish classification models. After ten-fold cross-validation, the optimal SG_RF model is obtained, with a classification accuracy of 93.7% on the test set and an AUC_macro of 0.928, demonstrating excellent performance. The article validates the feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods for textile fiber classification, offering a rapid, non-destructive, and efficient approach for textile fiber classification.

Electrospun Chitosan/Polylactic Acid Nanofibers with Silver Nanoparticles: Structure, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Properties.

Electrospinning, a technique for creating fabric materials from polymer solutions, is widely used in various fields, including biomedicine. The unique properties of electrospun fibrous membranes, such as large surface area, compositional versatility, and customizable porous structure, make them ideal for advanced biomedical applications like tissue engineering and wound healing. By considering the high biocompatibility and well-known regenerative potential of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (CH), as well as the versatile antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), this study explores the antibacterial efficacy, adhesive properties, and cytotoxicity of electrospun chitosan membranes with a unique nanofibrous structure and varying concentrations of AgNPs. Silver nanoparticles incorporated at concentrations of 25-50 μg/mL or above significantly enhanced the antibacterial effectiveness, especially against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Biocompatibility assessments using umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated the nontoxic nature of the membranes with an AgNP concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, underscoring their potential for biomedical applications. This study provides valuable insights into developing electrospun chitosan membranes as effective antimicrobial coatings for various biomedical uses, including wound healing patches and tissue engineering constructs for soft tissue replacement.

Flexible Pressure Sensor Composed of Multi-Layer Textile Materials for Human-Machine Interaction Applications.

Flexible pressure sensors have shown significant application prospects in fields such as artificial intelligence and precision manufacturing. However, most flexible pressure sensors are often prepared using polymer materials and precise micronano processing techniques, which greatly limits the widespread application of sensors. Here, this work chooses textile material as the construction material for the sensor, and its latitude and longitude structure endows the sensor with a natural structure. The flexible pressure sensor was designed using a multilayer stacking strategy by combining multilayer textile materials with two-dimensional MXene materials. The experiment shows that its sensitivity is 52.08 kPa-1 at 30 and 7.29 kPa-1 within 30-120 kPa. As a demonstration, these sensors are applied to wireless human motion monitoring, as well as related applications involving auxiliary communication and robotic arm integration. Furthermore, relevant demonstrations of sensor array applications are presented. This work provides inspiration for the design and application of flexible pressure sensors.

Novel high-efficiency nano metal oxide based on phosphorus as smart flame retardants with multiple reactive for sustainable cotton-polyester fabrics.

Textile materials are extensively used due to their advantageous properties; however, their inherent flammability presents significant safety risks, particularly in residential and historical settings. To mitigate these risks, the integration of flame-retardant agents into textile fabrics is essential for enhancing fire resistance and advancing sustainable development. In this study, cotton-polyester fabrics were treated with a flame-retardant composite containing nano graphene oxide (NGO), sodium hypophosphite dihydrate (SHFDH), and lignin (L). The flame-retardant properties were evaluated using the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, with treated fabrics achieving a notable LOI value of 33 %, compared to 17 % for the untreated control. Thermal stability and surface morphology were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treated fabrics also achieved a V0 rating in the UL 94 vertical flame test, whereas untreated fabrics exhibited a burning rate of 110 mm/min. Antibacterial performance was significantly enhanced, with the treated fabrics showing a 15 mm inhibition zone, compared to no inhibition observed in untreated samples. Moreover, toxic gas emissions during combustion including CO, CO₂, SO₂, NOx, and NO were reduced by 61 %, 50 %, 54 %, 60 %, and 66 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of incorporating green flame-retardant chemicals in significantly improving the thermal stability, flame resistance, and antibacterial properties of fabrics, contributing to both safety and sustainability.

Dimerization among multiple NAC proteins mediates secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis in cotton fibers

SUMMARYCotton fibers, essentially cellulosic secondary cell walls (SCWs) when mature, are the most important raw material for natural textiles. SCW cellulose biosynthesis determines fiber thickness and industrially important fiber quality parameters, such as fiber strength and fiber length. However, transcriptional regulatory networks controlling fiber SCW cellulose formation remain incomplete. Here, we identify eight NAC domain proteins (GhNACs) that are involved in fiber SCW cellulose synthesis. These eight GhNACs can form pairwise heterodimers that may act as dimers, or perhaps even as an octameric protein complex, to transactivate GhCesA expression. Moreover, heterodimerization of GhNACs can in different combinations synergistically activate GhCesA genes. Through our analyses of transcription factor—DNA and transcription factor—transcription factor interactions, we propose a multi‐layered transcriptional regulatory network in which the regulation of SCW cellulose biosynthesis in cotton fiber is mediated by multiple NAC protein dimers. These findings enhance our understanding of the roles of NAC proteins in SCW formation and offer new insights into fiber‐specific transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of cellulose synthesis.

A novel technology for rapid identification of hemp fibers by terahertz spectroscopy

A novel method for the rapid identification of hemp fibers is proposed in this paper, utilizing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) combined with the LargeVis (LV) dimensionality reduction technique. This approach takes advantage of the strengths of THz-TDS while enhancing classification accuracy through LV. To verify the efficacy of this method, terahertz absorption spectral data from three types of hemp fibers were processed. The THz absorption spectra were initially preprocessed using Hanning filtering. Following this, the filtered data underwent dimensionality reduction through three distinct methods: linear Principal Component Analysis (PCA), nonlinear t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), and the LV method. This sequence of steps resulted in a two-dimensional feature data matrix derived from the THz source spectral data. The resultant feature data matrices were then input into both K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT) classifiers for analysis. The classification accuracies of six models were evaluated, revealing that the LV-KNN model achieved a 86.67% accuracy rate for the three hemp fiber types. Impressively, the LV-DT model achieved a perfect 100.00% accuracy rate for the same fibers. The LV-DT model, when integrated with THz spectroscopy technology, offers a quick and precise method for identifying various types of hemp fibers. This development introduces an innovative optical measurement scheme for the characterization of textile materials

Experimental investigation on dynamic stab resistance of high-performance multi-layer textile materials

Experimental investigation on dynamic stab resistance of high-performance multi-layer textile materials

Designs Samarinda’s Typical Batik Kansei Engineering as an Application for Design Innovation for Batik Craft MSMEs

The handicraft industry in Indonesia is one of the three subsectors that contribute significantly to the country’s GDP. One of the crafts that has a large number of micro-scales is batik crafts. It is necessary to develop batik motif designs so that micro-scale batik MSMEs can still survive the competition. Batik MSMEs in Samarinda are no exception to always develop their motif designs based on consumer choices. The purpose of this study is to find out the kansei factors of Samarinda’s typical batik motif design as a direction in the development of batik motif design. The method used is kansei engineering, starting from the initial design of the research, the collection of kansei words, the preparation of questionnaires, the distribution of elementary school I questionnaires, and statistical analysis I. The results obtained are that consumers choose batik motif designs because of the pride factor and also because the design is made beautiful and modern, but does not have to follow the most trendy. And also for the problem of fabric material does not have to be the most delicate, but the important thing is that it is quite comfortable to wear.

Analysis of Detailed Diagnostic Study Results on Textile and Composite Materials Sectors: A Regional Study

Analysis of Detailed Diagnostic Study Results on Textile and Composite Materials Sectors: A Regional Study

Application of Thermodynamic Methods in Enhancing the Antibacterial Performance of Textile Materials

Application of Thermodynamic Methods in Enhancing the Antibacterial Performance of Textile Materials

Preventing adulteration: authentication and identification of camelids and other textile fibers with NIR spectroscopy

In High Andean and Puna regions of South America accurate identification of clothing from camelid fibers, particularly llama and vicuña, holds significance for consumers and textile industry. Due to their rarity, these are likely to be adulterated. Control mechanisms over production and commercialization are insufficient. This study proposes NIR spectroscopy as a viable alternative for rapid and cost-effective identification of llama and vicuña fibers, along with other textile materials. The research addressed different stages of fiber processing: raw, spun and woven. Five discriminant analysis methods were evaluated: partial least squares discriminant analysis, soft independent modeling with class analogy, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Accuracy achieved by KNN, SVM and ANN algorithms suggests an opportunity to counteract illicit practices. The study underscored the efficacy of NIR spectroscopy in identifying and categorizing fibers of both natural and synthetic origins, including samples with structural and chemical similarities.

Impact of material characteristics of cloth on the gripping force and performance of finger grippers

With the rising demand for automation and robotization in the textile industry, a variety of gripping solutions for textile materials has been developed in recent years. The increase in finger grippers is noticeable, however, a difference in the applicability and the holding force of finger grippers can be observed. Understanding the correlation between characteristics of the picked up textile materials, the style, coating and material of the gripper and the repeatability of the pick up process and the gripping force is crucial for their successful industrial integration. In this paper, the correlations between the properties of the different textiles and the gripping performance of a finger gripper are investigated. Bending stiffness, lateral compressibility, friction parameters and other textile characteristics are compared to the gripping force of the gripper with the selected textiles. The most important parameters are selected by principal component analysis and investigated for correlation.

Study on interlayer properties of multilayer complex structures of graphene papers/harness satin weave glass fibers/epoxy reinforced composites with electric heating de‐icing

AbstractThe graphene electrothermal de‐icing system has attracted extensive attention due to its efficient anti‐icing/de‐icing ability, but the interlayer properties of the heating layer are relatively weak. Currently, there is limited research on the interlayer properties of multilayer complex structures of graphene papers (GPs)/glass fibers (GFs)/epoxy (EP) reinforced resin composites (GPs/GE). In this study, a GPs/GE sandwich structure was prepared using a vacuum bag molding, and the effects of fabric structure and core material on the interlaminar mechanical properties of the sandwich structure were studied using the T‐peel test. A multiscale morphological investigation was conducted to analyze the crack growth and failure modes in the sandwich structures. The results indicated that the fabric structure caused anisotropy in the interlaminar peel performance of the composite material. The weft fibers contributed to inhibiting crack propagation. The GPs/GE achieved the highest peel strength of 0.533 N/mm under the (0,90)s layup configuration. The peel performance of GPs/GE was only 5.5% lower than that of conventional metal sandwich composite materials. In addition, GPs demonstrated the advantage of being lighter and thinner within the composite material. Through co‐curing bonding, the T‐peel performance of the GPs/GE sandwich structure was improved by 72.2%, thereby solving the problem of weak interlayer properties of the heating layer.Highlights Damage and failure mechanisms at different GPS/GE interfaces were explained. The fabric structure resulted in anisotropy in the peel performance of GPs/GE. The area ratio and arrangement of GPs influenced the stress distribution. GPs/GE exhibited excellent interlayer properties after co‐curing bonding.

Sound absorption performance of corncob/hemp composite fabric material

Agro-industrial waste corncob was used to develop a new thin corncob/hemp composite fabric (CHCF) material to improve the sound absorption performance of fiber materials. CHCF materials were prepared from agro-industrial waste corncob pellets and natural hemp fiber by spreading corncob pellets in hemp fiber webs, layering, and high-temperature treatment. The sound absorption performances of the CHCF material, corncob material, and hemp fiber nonwoven fabric were compared, and the effects of the size, content, and gradient mass of corncob pellets, and the gradient thickness of the hemp fiber web on sound absorption by CHCF materials were also analyzed. The results showed that the CHCF material with a smaller thickness exhibited better sound absorption than corncob material and hemp fiber nonwoven fabric, and the smaller the corncob pellet size, the better the sound absorption. The content of corncob pellets had a significant impact on the sound absorption of CHCF. The gradient structures were conducive to further improving the sound absorption of CHCF materials.

Clarification of Bio-Degumming Enzymes Based on a Visual Analysis of the Hemp Roving Structure.

Hemp fibers, recognized for their breathability, specific strength, and ultraviolet resistance, are widely utilized in textile manufacturing and composite materials. Bio-degumming is a promising alternative technology to traditional chemical degumming that can be used to produce hemp fibers due to its eco-friendly nature. However, its lower efficiency has hindered its widespread adoption. The unclear and complex structure of the gums leads to a poor understanding on the enzyme types required for bio-degumming, thereby restricting improvements in its efficiency. In this study, the morphological characteristics, polysaccharide composition, and branched structure of hemp stem, roving fibers, and refined fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy in combination with immunofluorescence techniques, with a view to identify the enzymes necessary for the efficient bio-degumming of hemp. The results revealed that the gums were primarily located in the middle lamella, phloem parenchyma, and certain xylem tissues. These tissues showed chunk-like, fence-like, and plate-like shapes, respectively, and tightly wrapped around the fiber bundles. In these tissues, pectin comprised low-esterified homogalacturonan, along with rhamnogalacturonan carrying galactan and arabinan branches. Xylan exhibited acetyl, arabinose, and glucuronic acid branches, while mannan displayed acetyl and galactose branches. Partial xylan and mannan were masked by pectin, and the branching structures impeded their enzymatic removal. As a consequence, the necessary enzymes and their synergistic effects for effective hemp roving degumming were elucidated. Pectin degradation was facilitated by pectate lyase and rhamnogalacturonan-degrading enzymes. Xylan and mannan were effectively removed by endo-xylanase and endo-mannanase, a process necessitating the synergistic action of branched-chain-degrading enzymes, including the esterase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase, α-galactosidase, and α-glucuronidase. This study provided practical strategies to enhance the efficiency of hemp bio-degumming.

Sustainable Fabric Manufacturing: The Crochet Experience

When it comes to the sustainability of fabrics, the materials used in textile production are frequently given more consideration than the manufacturing procedures. But a fabric's sustainability is also determined by its production techniques. One of the sectors of the global economy that has been shown to have the greatest environmental damage is the textile manufacturing sector. As a result, fabrics produced using techniques that leaves little or no negative impacts to the environment are said to be sustainable or eco-friendly. The study’s aim is to promote environmental friendly method of fabric production through the crochet technique and to encourage its exploration in Nigeria. The aim was accomplished by focusing on crochet technique as a sustainable fabric manufacturing technique. The study highlighted ways crochet techniques agrees with sustainability as against the conventional methods of manufacturing fabric. Samples of successful sustainable fabric and other materials produced using the crochet technique were showcased. The economic feasibility and market potentials of sustainable crocheted fabrics were also examined. The study adopted mixture of exploratory and descriptive research methods. In conclusion the study advocated for the acquiring of crochet skill by local textile manufacturers as a way to minimize the negative impact of the production processes of conventional fabric on the environment and also a means of creating jobs for the unemployed youths in Nigeria.

Enhancing the material properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanofibers through carbon nanotube and carbon nanotube:graphene incorporation

AbstractIn this study, a carbon nanotube:multilayer graphene (CNT:G) hybrid nanofiller was constructed and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) based composite nanofibers containing CNT, or CNT:G were electrospun and characterized in order to fabricate thermally conductive polymer nanomats. Particular attention was directed toward investigating the effects of CNT and CNT:G in enhancing thermal stability, thermal conductivity coefficient, and heat dissipation efficiency of the composite nanofibers. The thermal conductivity coefficient of neat rPET nanofibers was found as 12.753 W/mK while it increased to 34.437, 38.713, and 96.957 W/mK with 0.25%, 1%, and 5% of CNT incorporation, respectively. When hybrid nanofillers were used at a loading of 1%, the thermal conductivity coefficients for rPET/CNT:G nanofibers with CNT:G ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 respectively increased to 62.229, and 47.62 W/mK. The heat dissipation efficiency of the rPET nanofibers was also enhanced upon nanofiller incorporation which was illustrated with infrared thermography data. The results suggest the use of both CNT‐ and CNT:G‐loaded rPET composite nanofibers as promising textile materials for passive cooling applications.Highlights Hybrid CNT:G nanofillers are synthesized with weight ratios of 1:1 and 1:3. rPET/CNT and rPET/CNT:G composite nanofibers are electrospun. The thermal conductivity coefficients of the composite nanofibers are improved. The composite nanofibers are also mechanically enhanced. Value‐added rPET products as thermal management materials are proposed.

Development of technology for textile materials with special properties

Due to the increasing amount of oily wastewater accompanying the development of industry and society, as well as frequent accidental oil spills, there is a growing need for functional materials that absorb oil and separate oil and water. Various approaches have been used to manufacture such functional materials. The creation of new oil-absorbing materials with high selectivity towards water and oil by increasing hydrophobicity and oleophilicity is promising. In this paper, the issue of obtaining a composition for making textile materials hydrophobic and oleophilic is considered. The purpose of this work is to develop innovative textile materials designed to purify water resources from oil pollution and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of materials. The practical significance of the work lies in the need to develop a textile material that will surpass other materials in the efficiency of cleaning oil pollution, environmental friendliness and cost. Sodium oleate, liquid glass and citric acid were used for this purpose. The materials were treated with a ready-made solution, then dried for 10 minutes at 120 ° C and processed in a thermal press at 150 ° C for thermal fixation. 100% cotton fabric article 1030 and synthetic fabric 81421 premier Standard 250 (65% PE, 35% cotton) were used as the object of the study. New materials have been developed to ensure effective separation of oil from water, the physico-chemical foundations of the new method have been improved in order to give textile materials hydrophobic and at the same time oleophilic properties for effective purification of water resources from oil pollution. It has been established that new materials can be effectively used for high-quality water purification from oil pollution.

NUMERICAL MODEL OF DUST PERMEABILITY PROCESSES OF TEXTILE MATERIALS OF MINER’S SUIT

It is shown that improving the safety of miner’s suits is associated with the development of theoretical concepts of physical processes in textile materials. The current understanding of the passage of dusty air through a textile material does not always ensure the safety of miner’s suits. It has been established that one of the ways to solve this problem is to build and use digital twins of the processes of dust permeability of textile materials. The mechanisms of dusty air passage through a textile material are analyzed, a model of dust movement in the air flow in the immediate vicinity and structure of the textile material is proposed. A mathematical model of dust particle capture by structural elements of the fabric is compiled. Based on these ideas, a numerical model of dust permeability of a textile material is compiled, its solution is obtained using the example of fabric, an example of using the modeling results in calculating the dust permeability and dust capacity of textile materials is shown.

STUDY OF FIRE RESISTANCE OF NATURAL TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH WATER-REPELLENT IMPREGNATION WATER-REPELLENT IMPREGNATION

The article deals with the issue of the influence of water-repellent appretizers of textile materials on their fire resistance. The results of the study of fire resistance of natural textile materials treated with a solution of silane with chlorparaffin and samples of analogs with water-repellent impregnation are presented. The analysis of the obtained data showed that after treatment the fire resistance of twill samples increased 2 times in comparison with the control sample and 1.6 times in comparison with the samples-analogues. The fire resistance of tarpaulin increased by 2.2 times both in comparison with the control sample and with the analog samples.