Faba Bean Yield Research Articles

Water stress and insect herbivory interactively reduce crop yield while the insect pollination benefit is conserved.

Climate change is predicted to hamper crop production due to precipitation deficits and warmer temperatures inducing both water stress and increasing herbivory due to more abundant insect pests. Consequently, crop yields will be impacted simultaneously by abiotic and biotic stressors. Extensive yield losses due to such climate change stressors might, however, be mitigated by ecosystem services such as insect pollination. We examined the single and combined effects of water stress, insect herbivory and insect pollination on faba bean yield components and above‐ and belowground plant biomass under realistic field conditions. We used rainout shelters to simulate a scenario in line with climate change projections, with adequate water supply at sowing followed by a long period without precipitation. This induced a gradually increasing water stress, culminating around crop flowering and yield formation. We found that gradually increasing water stress combined with insect herbivory by aphids interactively shaped yield in faba beans. Individually, aphid herbivory reduced yield by 79% and water stress reduced yield by 52%. However, the combined effect of water stress and aphid herbivory reduced yield less (84%) than the sum of the individual stressor effects. In contrast, insect pollination increased yield by 68% independently of water availability and insect herbivory. Our results suggest that yield losses can be greatly reduced when both water stress and insect herbivory are reduced simultaneously. In contrast, reducing only one stressor has negligible benefits on yield as long as the crop is suffering from the other stressor. We call for further exploration of interactions among ecosystem services and biotic and abiotic stressors that simulate realistic conditions under climate change.

Landscape crop diversity and semi-natural habitat affect crop pollinators, pollination benefit and yield

Agricultural intensification has led to the conversion of natural habitats into agricultural fields, increased field sizes and simplified crop rotations. The resulting homogenisation of the landscape has led to a decline in bees, which provide an essential ecosystem service to agriculture. It has been suggested that an increase in landscape crop diversity supports higher biodiversity by providing more diverse and continuous resources without taking land out of agricultural production. We selected 14 faba bean (Vicia faba minor L.) fields in southern Sweden along uncorrelated gradients of landscape crop diversity and proportion of semi-natural habitat within 1.5 km radii surrounding focal fields. Pollinator surveys and pollinator exclusion experiments were conducted to assess whether landscape crop diversity affected pollinator densities, pollinator foraging behaviour (i.e. legitimate flower visitation, nectar robbing or extra-floral nectary visitation), pollination and yield formation. Landscape crop diversity enhanced bumble bee densities. Insect-pollinated faba bean plants produced, on average, 27 % higher bean weight per plant than bagged plants and the insect pollination benefit decreased with increasing semi-natural habitat cover. Bumble bee and honey bee densities, the proportion of nectar robbing bees as well as faba bean yield increased with increasing proportion of semi-natural habitat. Pollinator densities were not the driver of high yields associated with higher proportions of semi-natural habitat because the observed yield increase was unrelated to pollinator densities and driven by bagged plants that were excluded from pollinator visits. Insect pollination, however, clearly decreased the yield gap associated with low proportions of semi-natural habitat in the landscape. Our results highlight that agri-environmental policies should promote the retention of existing semi-natural habitats and encourage landscape crop diversity to provide pollinators with sufficient food and nesting resources.

THE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

This research was conducted to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on yield and its components on pea and faba bean in Dicle University Agricultural Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey, during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The experiment was laid out following a split-plot in completely randomized block design, with three replications. Fertilization treatments and cultivars were designed as main and sub factors, respectively. Data on plant height, plant biomass, pod weight, seed yield per plant, number of pods and number of seeds per plant, biological yield, seed yield and 100-seed weight were recorded at harvest. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight were record in flowering time. The effect of inorganic nitrogen, organic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on grain yield, seed yield per plant, biological yield was significant at both pea and faba bean. Inorganic fertilizer (urea) was increased the grain yield (2147 kg/ha) and biological yield (4956 kg/ha) in faba bean, but close to control (2080 kg/ha and 4690 kg/ha). Organic-1, Organic-2 and bacteria treatments were decrease the grain yield and biological yield on pea and faba bean, and this decrease on pea was almost half over control. The effect of treatments on number of nodules per plant on pea and faba bean was significant. The highest number of nodules per plant on pea was in bacteria inoculation (125.9) and control (121.5), and differences among nitrogen (109.1), Organic-1 (97.3) and Organic-2 (109.3) treatments was no significant.

Using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bromoxynil herbicide for controlling pests and improving growth and productivity of two faba bean cultivars

Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bromoxynil herbicide, alone or in combination, were applied in the field naturally infected with Rhizoctonia solani (root rot disease), Meloidogyne arenaria (root-knot nematode) and different weed species for improved growth and productivity in two faba bean cultivars. All treatments reduced the root rot incidence in the range of 33 to 82%, compared to the untreated control and application of P. fluorescens alone had the best inhibitory effect. Combined P. fluorescens with the herbicide reduced the nematode parameters (i.e. J2 in soil and J2, females, eggs, galls & egg-masses in roots) as well as the weed growth parameters, compared to individual treatments or untreated controls. P. fluorescens alone or in combination with Bromoxynil increased faba bean growth and yield parameters. Most enhancement effects on growth and yield of faba bean achieved by P. fluorescens alone treatment. Total microbial and Rhizobium nodules counts were increased as affected by microbial treatments.

Response of grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat and faba bean to partial root-zone irrigation in intercropping

به منظور بررسی اثر روش‌های آبیاری و الگوهای کاشت بر عملکرد دانه و کارآیی مصرف آب گندم و باقلا آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1396 در شهرستان شادگان اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل روش آبیاری (آبیاری کامل و جزئی سیستم ریشه‌ای) و عامل دوم شامل الگوهای مختلف کاشت (کشت خالص گندم و باقلا، کشت مخلوط ردیفی یک در میان و کشت مخلوط روی یک ردیف) بود. آبیاری محدود عملکرد دانه گندم را 24.4 درصد کاهش داد. با آبیاری جزئی ریشه، وزن دانه، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد بیولوژیک گندم در کشت خالص 4، 9 و 9 درصد، در کشت مخلوط روی ردیف‌های جداگانه 6، 13 و 12 درصد و در کشت مخلوط روی‌ یک ‌ردیف 9، 18 و 18 درصد کاهش پیدا کرد. در آبیاری جزئی ریشه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در بوته و عملکرد دانه باقلا به ترتیب 17، 45.8 و 35.9 درصد کاهش یافت. عملکرد باقلا در کشت‌های مخلوط‌ روی ردیف‌های جداگانه و روی یک ردیف به ترتیب 88 و 62 درصد کشت خالص بود که نشان می‌دهد باقلا از کشت مخلوط منتفع شده است. بهره-وری آب با اعمال آبیاری محدود (27 درصد) و کشت مخلوط (59 درصد) بهبود پیدا کرد. نسبت برابری زمین در کشت مخلوط روی یک ردیف و روی ردیف‌های جداگانه به ترتیب 1.68 و 1.55 بود که به معنی سودمندی کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص می‌باشد.

Effect of Humic Acid and Yeast Waste Application on Fababean (Vicia Faba) Yield, Yield Components and some Soil Properties of Salt Affected Soil

A field experiment was conducted during the two successive winter season 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 at Sahle El-Houssinia Agric. Res. Station, El-Sharkia Governorate to study the effect of foliar application of humic acid and yeast industrial waste (liquid and dried) on faba bean (Visia faba) yield, yield components and some soil properties of salt affected soil. The treatments were 8 gL, liquid yeast waste 6 cmL and dried yeast 10 gmL. Humic acid and yeast waste were sprayed during growth period four times every 10 days after 30 days from sowing by 600 L.ha- on soil and plants. Application of humic acid and yeast waste (liquid or dried) decreased soil pH, EC, ESP, increased infiltration rate, porosity, stable aggregate and decreased bulk density for two seasons. Also, application of humic acid and yeast waste were significantly effect on plant height, number of branch / plant, number of pods plant, weight of 100 seeds, biological yield and seed yield. Seeds N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn contents significantly increased compared to control due to application humic acid, liquid yeast and dried yeast.

Effectiveness of Gypsum Particle Size and Vermicompost in Reclaiming Salt Affected Soils and Faba Beans Productivity فاعلیة استخدام احجام مختلفة من الجبس،والفیرم کمبوست فى استصلاح الاراضى المتأثرة بالاملاح وانتاجیة محصول الفول البلدی

Soil salinity is one of the environmental factors limiting the plant growth and soil productivity. Field experiment was conducted during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons in El Hamoul district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soil amendments via. VC and gypsumparticle size on some soil physical and chemical properties and faba beans productivity in salt affected soil. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replicates. VC with four rates; VC0, VC1, VC2 and VC3 were placed in main plots, while gypsum particle size with three sizes; G1, G2 and G3 was placed in sub-plots. The results revealed that the application of VC3 combined with the G3 recorded the highest decreases in soil ECe and BD (18.97% and 8.87%, respectively) compared to the initial soil values. While RSE, total porosity, OM, CEC and soil nutrient contents were increased with the same combination by (27.62, 9.78%, 48.94%, 22.42%, 18.00, 20.91 and 19.09%) respectively compared to the initial soil values. Also, the application of VC3 combined with G3 achieved the highest values of 100-seed weight (69.20 and 78.36 g), plant height (81.03 and 84.93 cm), pods yield (6.23 and 6.60 Mg.ha-1) and seeds yield (4.02 and 4.39 Mg.ha-1) of faba bean in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively as compared to G1. Data also, revealed that the G3 were more effective than G1 on reclaiming the salt affected soil and faba beans yield.

Growth, yield and quality of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in response to sowing date and phosphorus fertilization

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of date of sowing and level of phosphorus on the yield, yield components and seed protein content of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2018 to March 2019 to study the influence of sowing date and phosphorous fertilization on the growth, yield and quality of faba bean (V. faba). Three date of sowing viz. 25 November, 5 December, 15 December and five levels of phosphorus viz., 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 kg P ha-1 were used in this experiment laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. At 60 DAS, 25 November sowing fertilized with 40 kg P ha-1 showed significant influence on all characters except dry matter production. Early sowing on 25 November produced the tallest plant (42.95 cm), highest number of branches plant-1 (8.31), number of pods plant-1 (49.87), 1000-seed weight (97.55 g), seed yield (1.21 t ha-1), stover yield (1.98 t ha-1) and seed protein content (31.54%) while the corresponding lowest values were recorded from late sowing on 15 December. The crop fertilized with 40 kg P ha-1 produced the highest number of branches plant-1 (8.33), number of pods plant-1 (49.05), 1000-seed weight (97.40 g), seed yield (1.33 t ha-1), stover yield (2.28 t ha-1) and seed protein content (38.17%) while control treatment (0 kg P ha-1) produced the lowest values of all parameters. In case of interaction, the highest number of pods plant-1 (58.42), seed yield (1.59 t ha-1), stover yield (2.44 t ha-1) and protein content in seeds (39.60) were recorded with 25 November sowing fertilized with 40 kg P ha-1 whereas the lowest seed yield (0.54 t ha-1), stover yield (1.32 t ha-1) and seed protein content (25.90%) were obtained from 15 December sowing along with control treatment. Therefore, early sowing (25 November) with 40 kg P ha-1 appears as the promising combination for higher yield and seed protein content of faba bean.

Evaluation of Integrated Management of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) in Faba Bean in Waliso District of South West Shoa, Ethiopia

A field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2018 to evaluate effective and economical integrated management package for the control of Raphanus raphanistrum in faba bean in Waliso District of South West Shoa, Ethiopia. The experimental design used was spilt plot design with two levels of plowing frequency assigned as main plot and eight weed management practice as sub plot in three replications. Data recorded on crop and weed related parameters. Results obtained indicated that the interaction effect of plowing frequency and combination of herbicides with hand weeding frequency significantly affected plant height, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, crop biomass and grain yield of faba bean. The highest mean grain yield (1541 kg/ha) was obtained from the interaction effect of plowing three times with application of pendimethalin at 3 lt ha -1 supplemented with once hand weeding at 30-35 days after sowing. This is followed by plowing three times and application of S-Metolachlor at 1 litter ha -1 supplemented with twice hand weeding at 30-35 and 50-55 days after sowing that gave a mean grain yields of 1463kg/ha. The interaction effect of plowing frequency and combination of herbicides with hand weeding frequency also significantly affected the weed population, weed plant height and biomass. The lowest R. raphanistrum population, height and biomass was obtained from the interaction of three times plowing and application of S-metolachlor at 1 litter ha -1 supplemented with twice hand weeding at 30-35 and 50-55 days after sowing. Economic analysis showed that trice plowing combined with application of Pendimethalin at 3 lt ha -1 supplemented by once hand weeding at 30-35 days after sowing gave the highest Net benefit (23174 birr) followed by three times plowing combined with application S-Metolachlor at 1 lt ha -1 supplemented by twice hand weeding. Therefore, three times plowing and application of S-Metolachlor herbicide supplemented by twice hand weeding at 30-35 and 50-55 DAS or three times plowing and application of Pendimethalin herbicide at 3 lt ha -1 supplemented with one time hand weeding at 30-35 DAS is recommended for economic control of R. raphanistrum in faba bean production. Keywords: Raphanus raphanistrum , s-metolachlor, pendimethalin DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-5-02 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Effect of Planting Distances and Weed Control Treatments on Faba Bean Yield and Associated Weeds

Two field experiments were carried out in the Farm of Agricultural Research and Experimental Center of Agriculture Faculty at Moshtohor, Benha University, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt, during 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons. The study were investigated the effect of three planting distances, i.e. 20, 25 and 30 cm between hills with six weed control treatments, i.e. acetochlor at rate of 840 g active ingredient (a.i)/fed (Harness 84 % EC), pendimethalin at rate of 773.5 g a.i/fed (Stomp extra 45.5 % CS), metribuzin at rate of 210 g a.i/fed (Sencor 70 % WP), bentazon at rate of 240 g a.i/fed (Basagran 48 % AS) + clethodium at rate of 62.5 g a.i/fed (Select super 12.5 % EC), hand hoeing twice and the unweeded check on growth, seed yield/fed and its yield components of faba bean cv. Giza 843 as well as associated weeds. Faba bean planted at narrow planting distance (20 cm between hills) gave the lowest values of weed biomass compared with the other two planting distances (25 and 30 cm between hills) at 70 days after sowing as well as produced the greatest values of leaf area index, plant height and seed yield/fed during the both seasons. While, the highest values of No. of branches, No. of pods, No. of seeds and seed weight/plant as well as 100-seed weight were obtained from planting faba bean at wide planting distance (30 cm between hills) in the both seasons. The main findings show that experimental field was infested by annual weeds for the unweeded check by 659.9 and 1041.8 kg dry weight of weeds/fed, exhibited seed yield loss of 74.82 and 79.65 % faba bean yield/fed compared with the best treatment (hand hoeing twice) in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons, respectively, planting faba bean under hand hoeing twice or using bentazon + clethodium surpassed the other weed control treatments in depressing weed biomass at 70 days after faba bean sowing. On the other hand, the two treatments gave the greatest values of all faba bean traits without significant difference between them. The highest depression in weed biomass and the maximum values of plant height and seed yield/fed were recorded from planting faba bean at 20 cm between hills and weed control by hand hoeing twice or using bentazon + clethodium. While, the greatest values of No. of pods/plant, No. of seeds/plant and seed weight/plant in both seasons which obtained from planting faba bean at wide planting distance (30 cm between hills) under weed control by hand hoeing twice or using bentazon + clethodium. Analyzing the faba bean seeds found that there was no residual detected of herbicides used. The economic analysis indicate that planting faba bean at 20 cm between hills and weed control by hand hoeing twice gave the net benefit valued 10435 and 8465 L.E./fed in the first and second seasons, respectively without herbicides residues. It could be summarized that planting faba bean cv. Giza 843 at planting distance 20 cm between hills with using hand hoeing twice or chemical control by bentazon + clethodium depression weed biomass and maximized seed yield/fed accompanied with the highest values of gross income, net benefit and benefit/cost and without herbicides residues.

Response of dry seed yield of Faba bean “Vicia Faba, L.” to spraying with amino acids, organic acids, (NAA) growth regulator and micro nutrients

Field experiment were carried out at Sakha Horticultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 to study the effect of foliar spraying with some stimulate substances i.e; Green Miracle (G.M) at the rate of 3cm / L, Mono Potassium Phosphate (MKP) at the rate of 6 gm / L, Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) at the rate of 0.6 gm / L, potassium silicate at the rate of 3cm / L, fulvic acid at the rate of 1 gm / L, Boron (B) at the rate of 1.5 gm / L, Zinc (Zn) at the rate of 1.5 gm / L and (Zinc+ Boron) at the rate of (1.5+1.5) gm / L., besides, control spraying with tap water) on growth characters, dry seed yield and its components and chemical analysis of dry seeds of broad bean (Vicia Faba L) cv. Weaam. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seeds were sown in the 1st week of November during the two seasons. The results indicated that all foliar spraying treatments increased vegetative growth characteristics, dry seed yield and its components and chemical constituents in dry seeds compared to control. Where as, foliar spraying with the Green miracle at the rate of cm3/L was among best stimulant substance, since, markedly improved most of the studied characters, i.e. vegetative growth characteristics, dry seed yield and its components and chemical constituents in dry seeds. Treatments led to highly significant increased of all studied parameters followed by foliar spraying with Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) at the rate of 0.6 gm / L and potassium silicate at the rate of 3cm / L. compared to the other treatments or the control.

Mulching effect on weed control and faba bean (Viciafaba L. Minor) yield in Meknes region, Morocco

In order to protect human health and the environment and to prevent the occurrence of weed ecotypes, global efforts are being made to reduce the world’s high dependency on synthetic herbicides for weed control. In this perspective, a field experiment was conducted during 2018/2019 season at the educational farm of the National School of Agriculture of Meknes (Morocco) to evaluate mulch effect of black plastic, oat straw and sycamore leaves on both faba bean and weed growth at flowering and harvest stage. The experiment was performed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) repeated four times. The results showed that the highest weeds infestation was recorded in weedy check (Control). Sycamore leaves, oat straw and black plastic mulches have significantly reduced weeds density and biomass, thus provided efficiency by 84.8, 80.6 and 86.8% respectively. In addition, the oat straw, black plastic, and sycamore leaves have improved faba bean yield by 42, 52.9, and 43% respectively. In conclusion, mulching practice can be a promising alternative of weed management for faba bean crop in Meknes region.

THE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

This research was conducted to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on yield and its components on pea and faba bean in Dicle University Agricultural Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey, during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The experiment was laid out following a split-plot in completely randomized block design, with three replications. Fertilization treatments and cultivars were designed as main and sub factors, respectively. Data on plant height, plant biomass, pod weight, seed yield per plant, number of pods and number of seeds per plant, biological yield, seed yield and 100-seed weight were recorded at harvest. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight were record in flowering time. The effect of inorganic nitrogen, organic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on grain yield, seed yield per plant, biological yield was significant at both pea and faba bean. Inorganic fertilizer (urea) was increased the grain yield (2147 kg/ha) and biological yield (4956 kg/ha) in faba bean, but close to control (2080 kg/ha and 4690 kg/ha). Organic-1, Organic-2 and bacteria treatments were decrease the grain yield and biological yield on pea and faba bean, and this decrease on pea was almost half over control. The effect of treatments on number of nodules per plant on pea and faba bean was significant. The highest number of nodules per plant on pea was in bacteria inoculation (125.9) and control (121.5), and differences among nitrogen (109.1), Organic-1 (97.3) and Organic-2 (109.3) treatments was no significant.

Effect of spacing and Rhizobium inoculum level on the yield and quality of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

Effect of spacing and Rhizobium inoculum level on the yield and quality of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)”

Impact of sowing time, genotype, environment and maturity on biomass and yield components in faba bean (Vicia faba)

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a significant rotation crop in northern New South Wales. However, drought limits yield, and the reproductive structures of faba bean are sensitive to high temperatures and frost. Although early sowing can avoid terminal heat and drought stresses, the accumulation of large amounts of vegetative biomass may result in low yield. Experiments were conducted over 2 years at Breeza and Narrabri in north-western New South Wales, Australia, to examine the influence of sowing time on yield, yield components, maturity, pod distribution and biomass production. The second sowing date (early May) produced the highest yield and seed weight at both sites. However, the third sowing date (late May) produced greater yield than the first (mid-April) at Breeza, and this was associated with very high final biomass. At Narrabri, the first and third sowing dates produced similar low yield. Poorer yield in late-sown materials was likely due to terminal stress, and the impact will be greater in less favourable locations and seasons. The poorer yield of faba bean from the first sowing date was likely driven by excessive biomass accumulation, an effect that would be exacerbated in favourable seasons and locations. The lower seed weight observed at Breeza was possibly a result of greater intra-plant competition. The earliest maturing genotype had the highest yield and seed weight at both sites, indicating the importance of rapid pod growth and senescence in these warm and often water-limited environments. Dry matter production was greater with early sowing, higher moisture and warmer temperatures. In contrast to other studies, a weak relationship between biomass and yield was observed.

Study of Different Rates of Application of Pendimethalin and Acetochlor on Weed Infestation and Grain Yield of Fababean

A fababean weed control trial was conducted during the 2016-2017 growing season. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two preemergence herbicides Pendimethalin and Acetochlor on weed infestation in a fababean crop. Dominant weed botanical families in the experimental site belong to Asteraceae and Poaceae. Results showed that the improvement of fababean grain yield depends on the weed control efficacy. Treatment with Pendimethalin at 1228 g/ha widely decrease fababean weed infestations recording 91.7% and 90.56 respectively on visual efficacy rating and weed biomass reduction. Acetochlor at 1050 g/ha recorded the lowest efficacies 53.3% and 62.1% respectively on visual efficacy rating and weed biomass reduction. Plots treated with Pendimethalin at 1228 g/ha recorded the best yields with an average of 3.32 tons / ha.

The Effects of Foliar Spraying of Folic Acid and Cysteine on Growth, Chemical Composition of Leaves and Green Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

An experiment was conducted during winter growing season of 2018 /2019 at Al-Qurnah sub-district, Basrah Governorate to study the effect of foliar spraying of folic acid and amino acid cysteine at different concentrations on growth, Minerals, chlorophyll contents and green yield faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Luz de otono). The study included sixteen treatments Consist of four concentration of folic acid (o,10,20 and 30) mg.L-1 in combination with four concentrations of Cysteine (0,10,20 and 30) mg.L-1. The results indicated that spraying with folic acid or cysteine significantly increased all vegetative growth characteristics (shoot height, branch number, leaflet number and fresh and dry weight of shoot system per plant), N, P, K, chlorophyll content of leaves and green pod yield/plant and fresh seed yields /plant. Spraying with folic acid at 30 mg.L.-1 and cysteine at 30 mg.L.-1 gave the greatest values of growth parameters, chlorophyll and yield, whereas 20 mg.L-1 folic acid with 30 mg.L-1 Cysteine was produced the highest values of N, P and K in faba bean leaves as compared with other combination treatments. Control treatment gave the lowest values for growth parameters, chlorophyll, N, P, K and yield.

Effect of Weather Conditions on Yield and Health Status of Faba Bean Seeds in Poland

Faba beans are considered to be one of the most important leguminous crops. The species is characterized by high nutritional value, in terms of both energy and protein content, which makes it suitable for food and feed production. Fungal diseases are among the key biotic factors responsible for a decline in faba bean yields. In this study, the yield and health status of faba bean seeds from the region of Warmia and Mazury (WM) and the region of Lower Silesia (LS), in Poland, were determined. Correlations between weather conditions vs. the yield of faba bean seeds and the occurrence of saprophytic and pathogenic fungi were analyzed. The study revealed that temperature and precipitation influenced the development and yield of faba beans in successive growth stages. Temperature exerted the greatest effect on the yield of faba beans during inflorescence emergence (BBCH 55-Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical Industry), whereas the effect of precipitation was the maximum at the 4–5 leaves unfolded stage (BBCH 34–35) and at the end of flowering (BBCH 69). The occurrence of saprophytic, pathogenic, and toxin-producing fungi was influenced by temperature and precipitation in the flowering stage (BBCH 61–64).

Effect of Mineral Fertilizers and Biofertilization on some Soil Properties and Faba Bean Productivity under Saline Soil Conditions

In winter 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons, two field experiments were carried out in Gelbana village, at private farm, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of 50% and 25% of NPK addition rates recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture (40 kg N fed.-1, 100 kg P2O5 and 70 kg K2O fed.-1 ) using biofertilization with Rhiobium radiobacter sp. Strain (fixed nitrogen), Bacillus megatherium as (dissolving phosphate bacteria) and Bacillus circulans (enhancing potassium availability) on some soil properties and faba bean yield, yield attributes and chemical composition content of two faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars. i.e., Nubaria 1 and Masr 3. 100-seed weight gave the highest value (98.85 g) when plants of Misr 3 treated with full NPK fertilizer recommended dose + biofertilization. Pod yield, N, P and K content as well as N, P and K-uptake by faba bean (Nubaria1) seeds gave the maximum values under Biofertilization + full NPK fertilizer recommended dose (full-RD). Seed yield and protein content were increased significantly and gave the highest values due to the treatment of Biofertilization + 75% of NPK fertilizer (¾RD) for Nubaria1 plants. Highest yield efficiency (97.25%) was obtained due to Biofertilization + 75% of NPK fertilizer (¾RD) for Misr3 plants. Fertilized treatments in combination with biofertilization decreased values of soil EC and pH and increased soil available N, P and K content after harvest when plants treated with Biofertilization + full NPK-RD which was ascendant to the other treatments and gave the highest with Misr 3 variety.

Impact of Magnetic Water on Soil Fertility and Faba Bean Productivity under Reducing Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates in Salt aAffected Soils.

This study aims to optimize of P fertilizers unit and alleviation soil salinity stress using irrigation with magnetic water. Two field trial using faba bean (Vicia faba L.; Variety Giza 843), were conducted at Agricultural Experimental Research Station of Tag El-ezz, Agricultural Research Centre, El-Mansoura Province, El-Dakhalia Governorate, Egypt during two successive winter seasons of 2015/16 and 2016/17. The experiment treatments were included two irrigation water treatment (normal and magnetized water) and three doses of P fertilizers (50, 75 and 100% from recommended P application). The two factors were layout in split plot design with three replicates, where the water and P fertilizers treatments were located randomly in the main and subplot respectively. The obtained results indicated that irrigation faba bean plants with magnetic-water treatment surpassed significantly irrigation with un-magnetized water under all dosses of P fertilizers in all recorded parameters except N and Na concentration in soil. Regarding irrigation with magnetic water, the increasing reached 21.45, 24.24 and 40.17% in plant height (cm), fresh plant weight (g) and seed yield (g plant-1) at harvest compared to irrigation with un-magnetized water of both seasons. As well as the improvements in concentration of N, P and K, Ca and Mg in seeds reached 19.01, 79.59, 49.43, 22.18, and 10.06 % respectively compared to irrigation with un-magnetized water. Finally, irrigation with magnetic water and P fertilizer at rate of 100% from recommended application is considered as most suitable treatment for obtaining the highest yield of faba bean under these experimental conditions.