F1 Combinations Research Articles

Estimation of oil flax intra-species hybrids by breeding-genetic parameters for the creation of material with altered habitus

The creation of a selection material for oil flax with a large number of stems, side shoots and an optimal height for cultivation is an urgent task, since the formation of additional bolls on the side shoots will increase the yield of seeds, and an increase in the vegetative mass of plants will increase its competitiveness against weeds and reduce moisture evaporation. from the soil surface. The use of genetic and statistical parameters allows to efficiently plan and carry out breeding work for oil flax, purposefully select parental pairs in crosses, select valuable genotypes, and reject low-value material at the first stages of breeding. The purpose of this study is to identify promising interspecific hybrid combinations based on breeding and genetic parameters for creating a new breeding material for multi-stem and multi-shoot forms. The studies were carried out at the Institute of Oilseeds NAАS of Ukraine in 2018-2020. The material of the research was F1 and F2 hybrids obtained in a system of dialle crosses with the participation of two wild species (L. angustifolium and L. hispanicum) and three samples of cultivated flax – L 6 (India), M 32/2 (Ukraine), L 5 (Czech Republic). The degree of dominance of traits in hybrids of the first generation was determined by the formula (Beil, Atkins 1965). The degree of heterosis is according to the formula (Rasul et al 2002). The coefficient of heritability in hybrids of the second generation – according to the formula (Ayala 1984). As a result of the research, interspecific hybrid combinations have been identified that are promising for obtaining breeding material with a modified habit: – with the effect of heterosis: by plant height – seven combinations of F1 (Ht = 3,58-13,76%); the number of stems per plant – one (Ht = 35,77%); the number of side shoots is six (Ht = 5,68-43,79%). The most valuable are combinations in which the effect of heterosis manifested itself simultaneously on two grounds – the height of the plants and the number of lateral shoots on the plant – L. angustifolium / L 6, L 5 / L. angustifolium, L. hispanicum / L 6, L 6 / L. hispanicum; plant height and number of stems per plant – M 32/2 / L. hispanicum; – with high coefficients of heritability: by plant height – four combinations of F2 (H = 0,67-0,87); the number of stems per plant – six (H = 0,66-0,81); the number of side shoots is four (H = 0,66-0,72). Interspecific combinations of L. hispanicum / M 32/2 and M 32/2 / L. hispanicum were distinguished by high rates of heritability by two characteristics – the number of stems and the number of lateral shoots on the plant. The potential of the selected combinations will be used in the further breeding process for increased branching.

Наследование признаков продуктивности колоса гибридами F1 яровой тритикале в условиях Владимирской области

The main method of breeding spring hexaploid Triticale is intravariety hybridization. At the same time, the effectiveness of breeding work depends on the correct selection of parental forms for crosses. However, the parental forms show different combining ability according to selective characteristics. In this regard, selection is more effective if it is based on information about their inheritance obtained through genetic analysis. The purpose of the research is to study the nature of inheritance of the main characteristics of productivity of the main ear (number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, weight of grain per ear, weight of 1000 grains) hybrids of spring triticale F1 in agroecological conditions of the Vladimir region. The material of the study was 20 reciprocal hybrid combinations of spring triticale in comparison with the parental forms. To create hybrids of the first generation, four varieties of domestic selection and one Belarusian with high indicators of economically valuable traits were involved in hybridization. A different degree of phenotypic dominance has been established, which determines the type of inheritance of quantitative signs of productivity of the main ear. Reciprocal F1 hybrids differed in the degree of dominance from depression (negative overdominance) to heterosis (positive overdominance). The heterosis effect depended on which parental form was taken for the maternal, and which for the paternal. Hybrid F1 combinations with a high degree of overdominance of the main characteristics of the productivity of the main ear are identified: Lotas × Norman, Norman × Lotas, Norman × Grebeschok, Amigo × Grebeschok, Amigo × Norman.

The nature of the manifestation of heterosis is a reliable indicator of a high specific combination ability in a cucumber of the bee-pollinated type

Relevance. One of the most important stages in the selection of agricultural crops for heterosis is the determination of the combinational ability, in particular, the evaluation of the SCS constants of lines of promising hybrid combinations. Purpose: on the basis of the best hybrid combinations, create promising cucumber hybrids for open and protected ground, for various purposes, characterized by a complex of economically useful features, including high fruit yield. Objective: to evaluate the effects of true, hypothetical, competitive heterosis of hybrids and SCA line constants in the studied F1 hybrid combinations.Materials and methods.The research work was carried out in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014-2018 in greenhouses (spring-summer and summer rotations) and in open ground when growing in a spread and on a trellis. Much attention was paid to the degree and nature of the manifestation of heterosis in F1 hybrids, which were evaluated by early and total yield, the yield of standard fruits, the yield of gherkins and greens. The degree of manifestation of true, hypothetical and competitive heterosis of hybrids is established and the SCA constants in the studied F1 combinations are evaluated. The standards were the F1 Zubrenok hybrids of selection the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture and Ajax of the Dutch selection. As testers, JL-6 and L.96 were used. In the studies, selection methods were used-pair and return crosses – backcrosses), self-pollination (incucht), selection (individual, group and mass).Results.With positive effects, all three types of heterosis (true, hypothetical and competitive) were observed in the spring-summer and summer rotations of film greenhouses and open ground when grown in a spread and on a trellis for most economically valuable traits in hybrid combinations 43x57 (seven traits); 71/55x41/86; 65x52 (six); 65x41/86, 65x96, 95x68 (five). High SCA constants were observed in film greenhouses (spring-summer and summer rotations) and in open ground (in the spread and on the trellis) lines in combinations 71/55x41/86 (early, general and standard fruit yield; gherkins yield fractions of 5.1-7.0 and 7.1-9.0 cm (+1.0; +0.9; +10.6; +1.2), (+1.8; +4.9; +39.8; +2.6), (+2.0; +4.4; +36.8; +2.6), (+1.1; +1.5; +12.9; +2.3); 65x52 (gherkins yield fractions of 5.1-7.0 cm) (+12.2; +7.2; +12.5; +7.0); 43x57 (yield of gherkins of the fraction 5.1-7.0 cm) (+1.0; +2.0; +6.7; +2.0).

The genetic background significantly impacts the severity of kidney cystic disease in the Pkd1RC/RC mouse model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), primarily due to PKD1 or PKD2 mutations, causes progressive kidney cyst development and kidney failure. There is significant intrafamilial variability likely due to the genetic background and environmental/lifestyle factors; variability that can be modeled in PKD mice. Here, we characterized mice homozygous for the PKD1 hypomorphic allele, p.Arg3277Cys (Pkd1RC/RC), inbred into the BALB/cJ (BC) or the 129S6/SvEvTac (129) strains, plus F1 progeny bred with the previously characterized C57BL/6J (B6) model; F1(BC/B6) or F1(129/B6). By one-month cystic disease in both the BC and 129 Pkd1RC/RC mice was more severe than in B6 and continued with more rapid progression to six to nine months. Thereafter, the expansive disease stage plateaued/declined, coinciding with increased fibrosis and a clear decline in kidney function. Greater severity correlated with more inter-animal and inter-kidney disease variability, especially in the 129-line. Both F1 combinations had intermediate disease severity, more similar to B6 but progressive from one-month of age. Mild biliary dysgenesis, and an early switch from proximal tubule to collecting duct cysts, was seen in all backgrounds. Preclinical testing with a positive control, tolvaptan, employed the F1(129/B6)-Pkd1RC/RC line, which has moderately progressive disease and limited isogenic variability. Magnetic resonance imaging was utilized to randomize animals and provide total kidney volume endpoints; complementing more traditional data. Thus, we show how genetic background can tailor the Pkd1RC/RC model to address different aspects of pathogenesis and disease modification, and describe a possible standardized protocol for preclinical testing.

Heat-Responsive miRNAs Participate in the Regulation of Male Fertility Stability in Soybean CMS-Based F1 under High Temperature Stress.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding small RNAs (sRNAs), are widely involved in the response to high temperature (HT) stress at both the seedling and flowering stages. To dissect the roles of miRNAs in regulating male fertility in soybean cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-based F1 under HT, sRNA sequencing was performed using flower buds from HT-tolerant and HT-sensitive CMS-based F1 combinations (NF1 and YF1, respectively). A total of 554 known miRNAs, 59 new members of known miRNAs, 712 novel miRNAs, and 1145 target genes of 580 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified under normal temperature and HT conditions. Further integrated analysis of sRNA and transcriptome sequencing found that 21 DEMs and 15 differentially expressed target genes, such as gma-miR397a/Laccase 2, gma-miR399a/Inorganic phosphate transporter 1-4, and gma-miR4413a/PPR proteins, mitochondrial-like, were negatively regulated under HT stress. Furthermore, all members of the gma-miR156 family were suppressed by HT stress in both NF1 and YF1, but were highly expressed in YF1 under HT condition. The negative correlation between gma-miR156b and its target gene squamosa promoter-binding protein-like 2b was confirmed by expression analysis, and overexpression of gma-miR156b in Arabidopsis led to male sterility under HT stress. With these results, we proposed that miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of male fertility stability in soybean CMS-based F1 under HT stress.

Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis and Functional Study Reveal Important Role of High-Temperature Stress Response Gene GmHSFA2 During Flower Bud Development of CMS-Based F1 in Soybean.

High-temperature (HT) is one of the most important environmental factors that negatively impact the yield of some soybean cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-based hybrid (F1) combinations. The response of soybean to HT, especially at the male organ development stage, is poorly understood. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the response from soybean CMS-based F1 male organ to HT, a detailed transcriptomics analysis was performed during flower bud development of soybean HT-tolerant and HT-sensitive CMS-based F1 combinations (NF1 and YF1) under normal-temperature and HT conditions. Obvious HT damage was observed by subjecting YF1 with HT, such as indehiscent anthers and decreased pollen fertility, whereas the male fertility of NF1 was normal. In total, 8,784 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to respond to HT stress, which were mainly associated with anther/pollen wall development, carbohydrate metabolism and sugar transport, and auxin signaling. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and substance content detection also revealed that HT caused male fertility defects in YF1 by altering pectin metabolism, auxin, and sugar signaling pathways. Most importantly, the sugar signaling-PIF-auxin signaling pathway may underlie the instability of male fertility in YF1 under HT. Furthermore, HT induced the expression of heat shock factor (HSF) and heat shock protein (HSP) gene families. Overexpression of GmHSFA2 in Arabidopsis can promote the expression of HT protective genes (such as HSP20) by binding to the HSE motifs in their promoters, so as to improve the HT tolerance during flowering. Our results indicated that GmHSFA2 acted as a positive regulator, conferring HT tolerance improvement in soybean CMS-based F1. GmHSFA2 may be directly involved in the activation of male fertility protection mechanism in the soybean CMS-based F1 under HT stress.

Combining ability in some genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different sowing dates

Sixty four genotypes (28 F1,s, 28 F2-populations and their 8 parents) were evaluated for days to heading, plant height, 100-grain weight and grain yield/plant under two sowing dates (Nov., 22nd , normal sowing date and Dec., 30th, late sowing date) in 2017/2018 growing season at the Exp. Farm of South Valley Uni., Qena, Egypt. The differences among parents, F1,s, F2-populations andparents vs crosses were highly significant at both planting dates for all studied traits. Delaying sowing date reduced performance all studied traits. The parents; P3, P4, P6 and P8 and the crosses; P1 × P3, P1 × P6, P1 × P8, P2 × P3, P2 × P5, and P3 × P8 displayed HSI and S less than one and they were relatively heat tolerant and less sensitive to heat of F1 and F2-generations. Highly significant differences due to general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were detected for all studied traits. The ratio of GCA to SCA was less than one for all studied traits, indicating that the major effect in the control of these traits was by non-additive gene action, except plant height. The parent P3 was considered as the best combiner for heading, plant height and grain weight, but the parent P2 was considered as the best combiner of F1,s and F2-generations for 100-grain weight and grain yield/plant under both dates. The cross P2 × P8 could be considered as the best combination of F1,s and F2-generations for all studied traits under both planting dates.

Mineral and carbohydrates changes in leaves and roots of olive trees receiving biostimulants and foliar fertilizers

Fertilization practices in Tunisian olive growing are widely used in order to improve the yields and the mineral status of the trees grown under rain-fed conditions (low received rainfall). The aim of this study is to assess the effect of foliar fertilization on mineral composition and primary metabolites (soluble sugars) in leaves and roots of cultivar Chemlali. A nitrogen based fertilizer and two biostimulants were sprayed separately in different seasons and the treatments were the following: F1 (nitrogen based fertilizer), F2 (biostimulant rich in boron), F3 (combination of F1 and F2), F4 (biostimulant with a calcium base) and F5 (Combination of F1, F2 and F4). Untreated trees (no foliar fertilization) were used as control (C). Leaf and root samples of treatments F1, F2 and F3 were collected at different phenological stages while samples of F4 and F5 were collected at fruit growth. Mineral content and carbohydrate composition were carried out in all the samples. Results showed that foliar fertilization generally improved the mineral profile of leaves for both macro and micronutrients. Macronutrient concentrations were more important in leaves than in roots while the micronutrients were the highest in roots. Concerning carbohydrates status, the most abundantly soluble sugar in leaves and roots was mannitol followed by glucose. Differences in carbohydrates concentration were observed in leaves through the season and the treatments. The combined treatment F3 induced a positive effect on the pool of soluble sugars in leaves at flowering. Then, both mannitol and glucose decreased in July compared to the levels in May, a fact which can be explained by the high carbohydrate demand for fruit growth during this period. Roots accumulated lower contents of carbohydrates. The ratios macronutrients/total carbohydrates and micronutrients/total carbohydrates were higher in the roots than in the leaves. All these results showed the impact of foliar fertilization on the mineral and carbohydrate status and highlighted a relationship between them for different organs of the olive tree cultivated under rain-fed conditions.

Effect of sintering temperature on microstructural and mechanical properties of SPS processed CoCrCuFeNi based ODS high entropy alloy

In the present investigation, CoCrCuFeNi based multicomponent nano-scale Y2O3–Ti dispersed oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at three different temperatures (900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C). The microstructures of the as processed SPS samples primarily consist of a combination of F1 and F2 based FCC phases in the matrix in addition to a minor amount of second (Co14·2Cr2·7Y2) phase. Further TEM analysis indicates bimodal grain size distribution with an increasing trend in grain size from 0.110 μm to 0.883 μm with an increase in sintering temperature. The best combination of ultimate compressive strength (1555 MPa) and hardness (468 HV) of the SPS processed bulk ODS-HEA has been obtained when sintered at 1000 °C. The contribution in yield strength has been estimated using three strengthening mechanisms and the Orowan strengthening model is the most dominating strengthening mechanism in the present ODS-HEA.

Electrophysiological correlates of gist perception: a steady-state visually evoked potentials study

Gist perception refers to perceiving the substance or general meaning of a scene. To investigate its neuronal mechanisms, we used the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) method—an evoked oscillatory cortical response at the same frequency as a visual stimulus flickered at this frequency. Two neighboring stimuli were flickered at different frequencies f1 and f2, for example, a drawing of a sun on the left side of the screen flickering at 8.6 Hz and the drawing of a parasol on the right side of the screen flickering at 12 Hz. SSVEPs enabled us to separate the responses to the two distinct stimuli by extracting oscillatory brain responses at f1 and f2. Additionally, it allowed to investigate intermodulation frequencies, that is, the brain’s response at a linear combination of f1 and f2 (here at f1 + f2 = 20.6 Hz) as an indicator of processing shared aspects of the input, that is, gist perception (here: a beach scene). We recorded high-density EEG of 18 participants. Results revealed clear and separable neuronal oscillations at f1 and f2. Additionally, occipital electrodes showed increased amplitudes at the intermodulation frequency in related as compared to unrelated pairs. The increase in intermodulation frequency was associated with bilateral temporal and parietal lobe activation, probably reflecting the interaction of local object representations as a basis for activating the gist network. The study demonstrates that SSVEPs are an excellent method to unravel mechanisms underlying the processing within multi-stimulus displays in the context of gist perception.

Numerical estimation on the threshold of nerve excitation phenomena by the application of current with multiple frequencies based on Frankenhaeuser‐Huxley model

AbstractInternational Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines describes addition equation for electrical stimulation, relevant for frequencies up to 10 MHz, with respect to simultaneous exposure to magnetic fields with multiple frequencies. However, there is no literature which estimated the threshold of electromagnetic field exposure of multiple frequencies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to estimate the threshold of nerve excitation caused by the application of current with multiple frequencies. In this article, combinations of two kinds of frequencies f1 and f2 were investigated for the applying current. The Frankenhaeuser‐Huxley model was employed to analyze nerve excitation effects. The ratios of the applied current value to the threshold current value were kept at the same value for each frequency f1 and f2, respectively. Consequently, the threshold did not exceed if the philosophy of the addition equation of International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) was satisfied, with any combination of f1 and f2 analyzed in this article. Especially when f1 = 2 f2 and f2 = 2 f1, the threshold became a high value. By analyzing the amount of the accumulated electric charge, which is a factor causing the action potential, it was demonstrated that it is difficult to accumulate the electric charge when f1 = 2 f2 and f2 = 2 f1.

A single nucleotide mutation in the fourth exon of RBH1 is responsible for brown hull phenotype in rice

As one of the important traits, hull color is the morphological marker of rice, which plays an important role in the mechanized color selection of hybrid rice seed production but lacks good application. Here, we obtained a reddish-brown hull 1 (rbh1) mutant from an Indica maintainer material H9808 by aerospace mutagenesi. In the rbh1 mutant, the hull color was reddish brown, and the grain width and 1000-grain weight decreased significantly, but the other agronomic traits did not change significantly. Furthermore, the total flavonoids and anthocyanin content in the rbh1 hulls deposition was remarkably higher than WT, and the lignin level in the rbh1 hull was reduced. Genetic analysis indicated that the reddish-brown hull trait was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear genes. Map-based cloning indicated that RBH1 was located within the physical distance of 48 kb on the short arm of chromosome 2. The comparative analysis of genome DNA sequence between rbh1 and WT found that a substitution from T to C (+ 1001) occurred in the fourth exon of LOC_Os02g09490 in rbh1 mutant. Genetic complementation experiments indicate that RBH1 is an allele of the previously reported GH2, which encoding a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase protein involving in lignin biosynthesis. qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression of lignin and flavonoid-related genes in the hulls of rbh1 mutant was significantly upregulated, confirming that GH2/RBH1 is an important gene in the metabolism of lignin and flavonoids; and provides material basis for further studying the mechanism of GH2/RBH1 regulating the rice hull color.. In addition, the hybrid F1 combination analysis indicated that the rbh1 mutation site did not affect the agronomic traits and yield of the hybrid rice, which was to cultivate the rbh1 locus into a new sterile line or restorer line with reddish-brown hulls and rice breeding application of rbh1 locus on mechanized seed production of hybrid rice provides a theoretical basis.

Enhanced thermal properties of silica nanoparticles and chitosan bio-based intumescent flame retardant Polyurethane coatings

Novel bio-based flame retardant coatings were synthesized through the process of grinding, mixing and curing process. The flame retardant coatings reinforced with silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) have been prepared at five different formulation levels having F0 (Without adding SiO2 NPs), F1(2% w/w SiO2 NPs) and F2(4% w/w SiO2 NPs) combination with urethane resin, ammonium polyphosphate and chitosan. After the preparing of these formulated coatings were characterized by Flammability tests, combustion tests, and thermal stability tests. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) peak of the urethane filled with functionalized SiO2 NPs is observed to decrease dramatically with increasing functionalized SiO2 NPs loadings. An increase in the LOI value was observed with the increase in wt% of SiO2 NPs. From the UL-94 V data, it was confirmed that the F1, and F2 formulations have passed the flame test and were rated as V-0. The TGA result revealed that addition of SiO2 NPs could improve the thermal stability of the composite at 800 °C by forming high residual char. All the findings achieved suggest that the presence of SiO2 NPs in the formulation of urethane resin has shown the excellent impact as flame retardant coatings.

Biological and economic characteristics of new peach and hybrids in the steppe Crimea

The main aim of the peach breeding program in the Steppe branch of Nikitsky Botanical Gardens developed in 1975 was to obtain new adapted cultivars, which combine most valuable biological and economic traits. Standard breeding techniques such as crossing, hand pollination, self-pollination and open pollination, were employed. Best foreign and domestic cultivars were used as parents. Mother cultivars were ‘Valiant’, ‘Veteran’, ‘Laureate’, ‘Red Haven’, ‘Santarine’, ‘Start’, and ‘9251’, fathers cultivars were: ‘Cardinal’, ‘Kudesnik’, ‘Miryanin’, ‘Sanrise’, ‘Favourite Morettiny’ and ‘Kievskiy Ranniy’. A large hybrid fund was created and studied. As a result distinguished peach hybrids were identified and selected. This paper focuses on some biological and economic features of 42 selected elite forms of 12 peach hybrid combinations of F1 and F2. They are characterized by high productivity, good quality of fruits and excellent taste. Some of these elite forms are superior to existing national standards by crop yield, winter hardiness, appearance and fruit quality. So they were registered as cultivars, such as: ‘Vavilovskiy’, ‘Demerdzhinskiy’, ‘Kandidatskiy’, ‘Posol Mira’, ‘Osvezhayuschiy’ and ‘Jubilejnyiy Ranniy’. Some biological and economic characteristics (fruit size, skin, colour and over colour, flesh firmness, taste of the fruit, yield, etc.) of these cultivars are presented.

Effect of incremental feature enrichment on healthcare text classification system: A machine learning paradigm

Background and objectiveHealthcare tweets are particularly challenging due to its sparse layout and its limited character size. Compared to previous method based on “bag of words” (BOW) model, this study uniquely identifies the enrichment protocol and learns how semantically different aspects of feature selection such as BOW (feature F0), term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF, feature F1), and latent semantic indexing (LSI, feature F2) when applied sequentially with classifier improves the overall performance. MethodsTo study this enrichment concept, our ML model is tested on two kinds of diverse data sets: (i) D1: Disease data with conjunctivitis, diarrhea, stomach ache, cough and nausea related tweets, and (ii) D2: WebKB4 dataset, while adapting three kind of classifiers (a) C1: support vector machine with radial basis function (SVMR), (b) C2: Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and (c) C3: Random Forest (RF). Partition protocol (K10) was adapted with different performance metrics to evaluate machine learning (ML)-system. ResultsUsing the combination of F1, C1, D1, K10, ML accuracy was: 94%, while with F2, C1, D1, K10, ML accuracy was 97%. Using the incremental feature enrichment from F0 to F2, K10 protocol gave F1 improvement over F0 by 4.98% on Disease dataset, while F2 improvement over F0 was by 11.78% on WebKB4 dataset. We demonstrated the generalization over memorization process in our ML-design. The system was tested for stability and reliability. ConclusionsWe conclude that semantically different aspects of feature selection, when adapted sequentially, leads to improvement in ML-accuracy for healthcare data sets. We validated the system by taking non-healthcare data sets.

Heterosis analysis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for Lycopene, TSS, titrable acidity and Ascorbic acid

Heterosis were estimated using ten lines and three testers and their thirty F1 combinations, crossed in line × tester fashion which were evaluated for four seasons for important quality traits viz., lycopene, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS) and pericarp thickness. Some of the parents having good potentiality for generating superior F1 combinations for most of the quality characters under study have been identified. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significantly higher amount of differences among genotypes for all the five characters studied. In this study, among crosses, the cross NDTVR60 × Floradade exhibited positive desirable heterosis over best parent for lycopene (60.22%) and Selection7 × Floradade (25.12%) for ascorbic acid. The cross NDTVR60 × Floradade showed the highest positive heterosis over best parent for titrable acidity (31.37%) whereas cross CO3 × Azad T5 (30.65%) exhibited the significantly highest positive heterosis over best parent for TSS and cross combination DT2 × Azad T5 (56.82%) exhibited positive heterobeltiosis for pericarp thickness.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

Aim: Ketorolac tromethamine is used for the treatment of a number of infections including infection of joints and bones, gastroenteritis, malignant otitis externa, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, anthrax, skin structural infections, and typhoid fever, and it also used in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, and nosocomial pneumonia. Objective: Difficulty in swallowing (dysphasia) is a common problem of all age groups, especially the elderly and pediatrics, due to physiological changes associated with these groups. Conclusion: In the present work, it has been observed from all formulations of pre-compression and post-compression studies were given within the limit of values. The in vitro dissolution data, F1 (combination of different superdisintegrants) when compared to other formulation.

Sex-specific dominance reversal of genetic variation for fitness.

The maintenance of genetic variance in fitness represents one of the most longstanding enigmas in evolutionary biology. Sexually antagonistic (SA) selection may contribute substantially to maintaining genetic variance in fitness by maintaining alternative alleles with opposite fitness effects in the two sexes. This is especially likely if such SA loci exhibit sex-specific dominance reversal (SSDR)—wherein the allele that benefits a given sex is also dominant in that sex—which would generate balancing selection and maintain stable SA polymorphisms for fitness. However, direct empirical tests of SSDR for fitness are currently lacking. Here, we performed a full diallel cross among isogenic strains derived from a natural population of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus that is known to exhibit SA genetic variance in fitness. We measured sex-specific competitive lifetime reproductive success (i.e., fitness) in >500 sex-by-genotype F1 combinations and found that segregating genetic variation in fitness exhibited pronounced contributions from dominance variance and sex-specific dominance variance. A closer inspection of the nature of dominance variance revealed that the fixed allelic variation captured within each strain tended to be dominant in one sex but recessive in the other, revealing genome-wide SSDR for SA polymorphisms underlying fitness. Our findings suggest that SA balancing selection could play an underappreciated role in maintaining fitness variance in natural populations.

Synchronizing the release rates of salicylate and indomethacin from degradable chitosan hydrogel and its optimization by definitive screening design

Three types of ionically crosslinked (with citric acid) chitosan discs were loaded with the highly water- soluble drug, sodium salicylate (SS) and the poorly water-soluble drug, indomethacin (Ind). In separate experiments the hydrated discs were immersed in a de-crosslinking solution comprising of different concentrations of calcium chloride, which induced a controlled erosion of the discs, a process which was optimized to synchronize the release rates of the two drugs over a predetermined period of time. The optimization was accomplished by manipulating six factors: chitosan MW, its amount in the formulation, the concentration of the crosslinker agent, the concentration of the de-crosslinking agent in the dissolution medium, its pH and its temperature. A computerized multifactorial definitive screening design analysis assisted in minimizing the number of experiments. The quotient of the SS to Ind release rates, the difference factor f1, the similarity factor f2 and the combination of f1 and f2 were determined as the experimental responses. The computerized prediction profilers that were used to simulate the contribution of the experimental factors and their effect on the experimental responses led to a successful erodible formulation with a concomitant release of the two drugs over 150 min.

Utility of recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: A systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis.

The role of recombinant A.fumigatus (rAsp) antigens in the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has not been systematically evaluated. Herein, we evaluate the utility of recombinant A.fumigatus (rAsp) antigens in diagnosing ABPA. We systematically reviewed the PubMed, EmBase and Scopus databases for studies evaluating rAsp antigens in ABPA. The QUADAS-2 tool and the GRADE approach were used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of evidence, respectively. The diagnostic performance of IgE or skin test against rAsp f1, f2, f3, f4, f6 and their combination was evaluated separately for ABPA complicating asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF), using an HSROC model. The reference standard for diagnosing ABPA was the composite (clinical, radiological, immunological) criteria. Our search yielded 26 studies (n=1694) and 17 studies (n=1131) for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. In asthmatics, the pooled sensitivity for diagnosing ABPA was best for IgE against a combination of rAsp f1 or f3 (96.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.6-99.2). The pooled specificity for diagnosing ABPA was highest (99.2%; 95% CI, 88.2-99.9) for IgE against a combination of f4 or f6. In CF patients, the pooled sensitivity of rAsp f1 or f3 was 93.3% (95% CI, 55.2-99.9) while the pooled specificity of rAsp f4 or f6 was 93.9% (95% CI, 68.8-99.9). The quality of evidence was low as per the GRADE approach. A combination of IgE against rAsp antigens (f1, f2, f3, f4 and f6) is likely to be helpful in the diagnosis of ABPA.