Eysenck Personality Research Articles

The relationship between character traits and impulsivity with the severity of cigarette addiction

Objective: Smoking is one of the most important health problems. The aim of study to investigate the relationship between characteristics of nicotine addiction and smoking cessation. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients between 19 and 70 years were included in the study. Eysenck Personality, FagerstrA¶m Nicotine Addiction and Barrat Impulsivity Scales were applied. SPSS v.21.0 was used in analyzes. Results: Education has a negative effect on smoking. Impulsivity (p=0.02) and personality characteristics (p=0.02) found to be different between groups. Barrat motor (p=0.05) Eysenck neurotism (p=0.05) positively affected cigarette addiction and Eysenck neuroticism has the biggest effect with 32%. Discussion: Socioeconomics and personality traits are important in tobacco use. Unlike previous studies educated were more addicted. Smoking was associated with novelty seeking, impulsivity, personality factors. Neuroticism found to the most effective factor on the severity of cigarette depen-dence.

Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation for High-Dimensional Exploratory Item Factor Analysis.

Joint maximum likelihood (JML) estimation is one of the earliest approaches to fitting item response theory (IRT) models. This procedure treats both the item and person parameters as unknown but fixed model parameters and estimates them simultaneously by solving an optimization problem. However, the JML estimator is known to be asymptotically inconsistent for many IRT models, when the sample size goes to infinity and the number of items keeps fixed. Consequently, in the psychometrics literature, this estimator is less preferred to the marginal maximum likelihood (MML) estimator. In this paper, we re-investigate the JML estimator for high-dimensional exploratory item factor analysis, from both statistical and computational perspectives. In particular, we establish a notion of statistical consistency for a constrained JML estimator, under an asymptotic setting that both the numbers of items and people grow to infinity and that many responses may be missing. A parallel computing algorithm is proposed for this estimator that can scale to very large datasets. Via simulation studies, we show that when the dimensionality is high, the proposed estimator yields similar or even better results than those from the MML estimator, but can be obtained computationally much more efficiently. An illustrative real data example is provided based on the revised version of Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R).

Relationship between extraversion personality and gray matter volume and functional connectivity density in healthy young adults: an fMRI study

Extraversion and neuroticism are two main dimensions of Eysenck's personality. We assessed the relationship between extraversion and neuroticism with brain structure and function by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity density (FCD). The resting state functional magnetic resonance image and high resolution structural T1 weighted images of 100 young healthy subjects were used in analysis. Our results showed that extraversion was negatively correlated with gray matter volume (GMV) of the bilateral putamen, and it was negatively correlated with FCD in the precuneus. No associations between neuroticism and brain structure and function changes. Overall, our results suggested that several brain regions involved in shaping of extraversion traits among young individuals, which may provide a neurobiological basis of extraversion.

Need for Focus on Personality Dimension Impacting Academics of Medical Students

Personality dimensions known to be associated with achievements in individual lives. The present study focuses on neuroticism that is one of the dimension impacting academics of medical students. This dimension is one of the big five factors of Eysenckian personality model. The Eysenckian personality model was developed to assess a specific theoretical model and is still commonly used in educational settings and research. This research study is a useful in developing awareness among the medical students and they can be educated to prevent the effect of neuroticism by using mental health exercises. The sample group is 60 medical Students of year one UniSZA, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. They were selected by convenient sampling technique. The Eysenckian personality inventory was used to find out the extent of neuroticism among the sample group. These neuroticism scores were matched with academic scores to find the association between the two variables. Carl Pearson's correlation coefficient method was carried out to find the significance of their association. There was high prevalence in extent of neuroticism among medical students. Of the 64 subjects 60 were chosen and 4 were excluded because of invalid answer found in the inventory. High score on Eysenckian personality inventory showed higher extent of neuroticism among the sample population. The tabulated neuroticism score and academic scores were statistically analysed to find their association. The results revealed that there were significant correlation neuroticism and academic scores (r=-0.824, p=<0.001). The study result compatible with the hypothetical assumption. There was a significant correlation between academic scores and neuroticism among study sample group. Conclusion: Neuroticism is a one of the personality dimension that has a negative impact on academic performance of medical students. The hypnotized assumption has been proven in the current study.

НЕЙРОДИНАМІЧНІ ТА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ СПОРТСМЕНІВ-ВЕЛОСИПЕДИСТІВ З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ МОБІЛІЗАЦІЇ В РЕАКЦІЇ НА РУХОМИЙ ОБ'ЄКТ

The purpose of the study was to determine the neurodynamic and psychological properties of elite cyclists concerning the level of mobilizationin the reaction to the moving object. In order to determine the neurodynamic properties of athletes we used the diagnostic complex "Diagnost-1". The reaction to the moving object was used to monitor and predict the functional state of the central nervous system of athletes, to assess thespeed and accuracy of the response, the excitation/inhibition ratio, and the balance of nervous processes. Moreover, we have analyzed the forceand functional mobility of nervous processes, the sensorimotor activity, namely the dynamics of nervous processes, the efficiency and speed ofboth the simple sensorimotor reaction, and the simple and complex sensorimotor choosing reaction, the sensorimotor asymmetry index, and otherparameters. Hans Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by C. Spielberger (adapted by Y. Hanin) and the Luscher color test allowed determining individual typological characteristics and the psycho-emotional state of athletes. The results of the reaction to the moving objects revealed differences between cycling athletes with high, medium and low mobilization rates. The most optimal functional state of the central nervous system in terms of the reaction to the moving object was specific to the cyclists with the low level of mobilization. Athletes with a high level of mobilization did not demonstrate significant differences in the reactions to the moving objects, but differed the higher stability in the complex sensory-motor choice reaction. Athletes with the medium level of mobilization in the reaction to the moving objects were characterized by the lowest level of State Anxiety in combination with a reduced functional state of the central nervous system. Thus, the higher efficiency of sensorimotor response was detected in the athletes with the high and low mobilization level in the reaction to moving objects.

Influence of Eysenckian Personality Traits in Choice of Specialization by Young Omani Doctors.

The role of personality in occupational specialty choices has been explored in many parts of the world. To our knowledge, there is a dearth of such studies in the Arab/Islamic population and Oman is no exception. This study aimed to explore the relationship between personality traits and specialty choice among residents of Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB). A cross-sectional study was carried out among Omani resident physicians working under OMSB. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised was employed to quantify personality subtypes (e.g., psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism). Specialties were categorized as surgical, medical, and diagnostics as per standard of North American medical specialties. A total of 255 residents in 17 medical specialties participated in the study (m = 40.4%; f = 59.6%) of 300 eligible subjects giving a response rate of 85.0%. Respondents who had chosen surgical specialties scored significantly higher on the psychoticism subscale than those who had opted for medical and diagnostic specialties. As for individual specialties, orthopedic respondents had statistically significant higher mean scores on psychoticism and neuroticism compared to radiologists and psychiatrists who scored the lowest in the two personality traits, respectively. This study found statistically significant associations between personality traits and choices of specialty by young Omani doctors. We recommend more detailed studies that examine further psychological and cultural variables that are likely to affect the choices of specializations by young Omani professionals in both medical and non-medical fields.

The Comparative Effect of Teaching Concept Mapping in Reading on Extrovert and Introvert EFL Learners' Self-Regulation

The present study attempted to compare the effect of teaching concept mapping in reading on extrovert and introvert English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' Self-Regulation (SR). The participants were 60 female EFL learners at the intermediate level of English language proficiency, between 18 and 20 (Mage = 19). The Preliminary English Test was employed in order to select homogeneous participants in terms of English language proficiency level, followed by administering Eysenck's Personality Inventory (1985). The language-wise homogeneous introvert (n = 30) and extrovert (n = 30) participants were assigned randomly into two experimental groups of 30. To identify the pre-treatment and post-treatment levels of participants' SR, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (1991) was administered twice. The two groups were instructed using the same material and implementing Harris and Graham’s (1996) concept mapping instruction model. The analysis of the scores using an Independent-Samples t-Test revealed that extrovert participants exhibited a significantly higher SR level as a result of being exposed to concept mapping. The study concludes with a discussion on the obtained results and the probable reasons leading to them, followed by presenting some implications for EFL teachers, learners, and syllabus designers.

Some personality traits in patients with bipolar II disorder

IntroductionBipolar I disorder (BD I) is characterised by at least one full-manic episode. In bipolar II disorder (BD II), all upswings are hypomanic, which means they never reach full-blown mania. Therefore, BD II evolves into BD I, but BD I can never evolve into BD II. Differential diagnosis of patients evaluated for BD II should include BD I, major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Patients with BPD often have the same type of severely disrupted life as well as patients with BD II because of the multiple episodes of significant mood disorder symptoms.ObjectivesEstablishing some personality traits in patients suffering from BD II, their relationship and predictability.MethodsThe test group was formed out of 55 patients diagnosed with BD II in remission phase from 2012 until 2015. Three measuring instruments were used: Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Self-destruction Scale (SAD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).ResultsWe calculated the prevalence of personality traits (neuroticism, psychoticism, elements of borderline personality Disorder), their correlation and predictive validity.ConclusionWe established the prevalence of neuroticism, elements of Borderline Personality Disorder and their significant predictability in patients with BD II in remission.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Sensation seeking and impulsive traits as personality endophenotypes for antisocial behavior: Evidence from two independent samples

Sensation seeking and impulsivity are personality traits that are correlated with risk for antisocial behavior (ASB). This paper uses two independent samples of twins to (a) test the extent to which sensation seeking and impulsivity statistically mediate genetic influence on ASB, and (b) compare this to genetic influences accounted for by other personality traits. In Sample 1, delinquent behavior, as well as impulsivity, sensation seeking and Big Five personality traits, were measured in adolescent twins from the Texas Twin Project. In Sample 2, adult twins from the Australian Twin Registry responded to questionnaires that assessed individual differences in Eysenck's and Cloninger's personality dimensions, and a structured telephone interview that asked participants to retrospectively report DSM-defined symptoms of conduct disorder. Bivariate quantitative genetic models were used to identify genetic overlap between personality traits and ASB. Across both samples, novelty/sensation seeking and impulsive traits accounted for larger portions of genetic variance in ASB than other personality traits. We discuss whether sensation seeking and impulsive personality are causal endophenotypes for ASB, or merely index genetic liability for ASB.

Traits, cognitive processes and adaptation: An elegy for Hans Eysenck's personality theory

Hans Eysenck's personality theory has inspired several generations of researchers. However, it has substantial limitations as an account of the individual differences in performance and cognitive processing associated with personality traits. Three particular areas of concern are its handling of the complexity of processing, its attribution of performance effects to variation in cortical arousal, and its neglect of the adaptive significance of traits. The neurological concomitants of traits may be more consequential as indirect influences on skill acquisition than as direct influences on adaptation. Cognitive-adaptive theory provides a contrary perspective that sees traits as distributed across multiple processes and accommodates the dynamic nature of individual differences in adaptation. It may be time to laud the Eysenck theory for its historical contribution and lay it to rest with due respect.

Hans Eysenck's personality model and the constructs of sensation seeking and impulsivity

Fifty years ago, in their first meeting, Hans Eysenck and Marvin Zuckerman agreed that research was needed to clarify the relationships between Eysenck's Big Three (E=Extraversion, N=Neuroticism, and P=Psychoticism) and both impulsivity and sensation seeking. In later years, both Eysenck and Zuckerman agreed in their various publications, that sensation seeking correlates with both E and P, though more with P than with E. In fact, impulsivity and sensation seeking, might well occupy overlapping areas within the P+ E+ N+ octant. In this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences among these various traits of extraversion, psychoticism, sensation seeking and impulsivity. We further present our position regarding the relationship of the constructs of arousal and arousability to these traits, suggesting that impulsivity is related to arousal, while sensation seeking is related to arousability.

The relationship of self-perception, personality and high school type with the level of problematic internet use in adolescents

As adolescents spend a substantial part of the day using internet, they constitute one of the risk groups for problematic internet use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between problematic internet use and the self-perception, personality type, gender of adolescents, and how these relationships varied depending on the type of high school the students attended. This study was conducted with 771 students studying at Anatolian high schools, science high schools, arts high schools, vocational high schools for girls, vocational technical high schools, trade vocational high schools, and common high schools in the city of Kars, Turkey. In this study, 433 (56.2%) of the participants were girls, while 338 (43.8%) were boys. The forms, scales and questionnaires administered during the study included the Personal Information Form, the Problematic Internet Use Scale, the Self-Perception Scale for Adolescents, and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and the one way ANOVA test. The present study examined whether personality type (extraversion, neuroticism, lie and psychoticism), self-perception (romantic appeal, physical appearance, social acceptance/close friendship, behavioral conduct, athletic competence and job competence), gender, and duration of internet use can predict problematic internet use. Based on the study results, it was observed that gender, duration of internet use, lying type personality, neuroticism, psychoticism, romantic appeal, physical appearance and behavioral conduct were significant predictors of problematic internet use, while positive attributes such as extraversion, athletic competence, job competence, and social acceptance/close friendship were not. Moreover, it was determined that the type of high school led to significant differences with regards to problematic internet use among students, and that students at technical high school were more prone to problematic internet use.

Alexithymia in fibromyalgia syndrome

The study compared alexithymia in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients and healthy individuals, and analyzed its association with clinical, emotional, and functional variables. Forty-five FMS patients and 31 healthy individuals completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, which includes the dimensions: Difficulty Identifying Feelings (DIF), Difficulty Describing Feelings (DDF), and Externally-Oriented Thinking (EOT). Participants also completed instruments assessing Eysenck's personality dimensions, pain, fatigue, sleep, anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and coping with pain. FMS patients exhibited higher scores in DIF and DDF than healthy individuals; group differences were markedly lower when depression and anxiety were statistically controlled. Patients furthermore displayed greater depression-anxiety, fatigue, sleep problems and neuroticism, lower HRQL and dysfunctional coping. Alexithymia was overall more closely related to clinical variables in healthy individuals than in patients; in patients, many associations disappeared when anxiety and depression were controlled. The data corroborate the high prevalence of alexithymia in FMS; however, they also suggest that alexithymia may play a less important role in symptom experience in patients vs. healthy individuals. This result may be discussed by considering the distinction between state and trait alexithymia; the weaker associations in patients may be ascribed to specific enhancement of state alexithymia due to illness-related affective distress.

Investigation of Personality Characteristics of National Level Male and Female Gymnasts

The purpose of the study was to assess and investigate the personality characteristics of national level male and female gymnasts One hundred national level males (N=60) and females (N=40) gymnasts were randomly selected during the Junior national gymnastics championships to serve as the subjects for this study. The mean age and SD of male and female gymnasts of national levels were 19.90 ± 1.53 and 18.56 ± 2.71 respectively. Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire-R (E.P.Q.-R) prepared by Eysenck and. Eysenck was selected to measure the four dimensions of personality of national level Gymnasts of India. In order to find out the significant difference between male and female gymnasts at national level on personality factors, mean, SD and t-ratio were computed, level of significant was set at .05 level. The results of study revealed that male gymnasts of national level were found more extroverted, less psychotic and neurotic in nature than their female counter parts. They had expressed similarity in their psychoticism, neuroticism and social desirability dimensions of personality and significant difference in their extraversion personality factor.

Cognitive and affective components of empathy and their relationship with personality dimensions in a Chinese sample

Empathy is an essential component of social interactions and may be related to personality characteristics. However, this issue has not been extensively examined in a Chinese sample. Students at six universities in China (N = 257) completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire‐Revised (EPQ‐R), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS‐21). Using multiple regression analyses, and after accounting for demographic variables (sex and age), it was found that the affective empathy component Personal Distress positively predicted EPQ‐R Neuroticism scores (β = .49), negatively predicted Extraversion (β = –.21) and Lie scale scores (β = –.22), and positively predicted DASS‐21 Depression (β = .26), Anxiety (β = .34) and Stress scores (β = .39). Empathic Concern positively predicted Lie Scale scores (β = .21), and negatively predicted Psychoticism scores (β = –.24). Individuals with high scores in Empathic Concern were also found to score more highly on Fantasy, Personal Distress, Neuroticism, Stress and Anxiety. Thus, more empathic individuals are likely to experience elevations in negative affectivity when they perceive the emotional suffering of others.

Validation of the French Autism Spectrum Quotient scale and its relationships with schizotypy and Eysenckian personality traits

BackgroundAutism and schizophrenia spectra were long considered distinct entities. Yet, recent studies emphasized overlapping clinical and personality features suggesting common mechanisms and liabilities. Independent notions, however, highlight that the two spectra oppose each other socially (positive schizotypal hyper-mentalism versus autistic hypo-mentalism). MethodsTo clarify these relationships, we used data from 921 French-speaking Swiss undergraduates to firstly validate the French Autism Spectrum Questionnaire (AQ) identifying an optimal factor structure. Secondly, we assessed relationships between this AQ structure and schizotypic personality traits. ResultsResults from correlational and principal component analyses replicated both overlapping and opposing relationships. ConclusionsWe conjecture that autistic traits opposing positive schizotypy represent autistic mentalizing deficits. We discuss implications of our findings relative to theories of autism and schizophrenia spectrum relationships.

COMPORTAMENTO ANTISSOCIAL NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: O PAPEL DE CARACTERÍSTICAS INDIVIDUAIS NUM FENÓMENO SOCIAL

Antisocial behaviours are more prevalent in adolescence than in other stages of the life cycle. It is a remarkable challenge to address these behaviours that occur in a stage when individuals face important tasks that involve building their identity and healthy social relationships. This research studied the relations between antisocial behaviour and individual characteristics (gender, personality, social skills, self-concept and family environment perceptions) in an occasional sample of 489 adolescents. We asked participants to fill the Portuguese versions of Youth Self-Report, Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire, Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and

Comparison of Self-Regulation Strategies in Elite Basketball Players Based on Personality Types

Introduction: Nowadays, identification of factors related to success of athletes is considered as one of the important issues in psychology of sport. Self-regulation is one of these factors investigated recently. The aim of this study is to compare self-regulation strategies of Iranian basketball players based on their personality types. Method: subjects of this study were male basketball players of Iranian super league in 2013-2014, which 118 of them were selected as sample of study, based on Morgan sample size table. Miller and Brown’s Self-Regulation Questionnaire and Eysenck personality were used in this study. Since the number of introverts was low, they were excluded in the present study. In addition, sample of study was divided into two groups of stable extroverts and unstable extroverts, based on Eysenck personality. Results: results indicated that there was significant difference between two groups. Results also showed that each of these groups use various strategies to self-regulation. Conclusion: considering personality types, individuals can use various strategies for self-regulation that this issue can play role in achieving their goals and successes.

A study of the effect of the genes of inflammatory proteins on basic personality dimensions

The present research examines the association between two basic dimensions of personality and genes of inflammatory cytokines and mediators reported to be elevated in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Genes of interleukin-1B (IL-1B), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT) were studied. A total of 639 healthy subjects, aged from 17 to 69 years, participated in the study. The following polymorphisms were genotyped: IL-1B С-511Т (rs16944) and С3954Т (rs1143634), IL-6 G-174C (rs1800795), TNF-α G-308A (rs1800629), CRP (rs279452), A1AT 374G/A (rs709932). Basic personality dimensions Extraversion and Neuroticism were assessed using the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The levels of Extraversion and Neuroticism were not associated with IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-α G and CRP polymorphisms. The association between the A1AT 374G/A polymorphism and Extraversion (р=0.036) was shown. There was a trend towards the association between the A1AT 374G/A polymorphism and Neuroticism (p=0,05) in women. Because this is the first study of the effect of IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-α and A1AT on personality dimensions, the results should be considered as preliminary and need to be replicated.

دلالات صدق و ثبات الصورة القصيرة من مقياس آيزنك المراجع لشخصية الناشئ في محافظة الطائف

دلالات الصدق و الثبات | مقياس آيزنك للشخصية | الصورة القصيرة | أبعاد الشخصية | الانبساط | العصابية | الذهانية | الكذب | Validity and Stability Significance | Eysenck Personality Questionnaire | Short Form Revised | Personality Dimensions | Extraversion | Neuroticism | Psychoticism | Lie