Eyebrow Shape Research Articles

Study on Eyebrow Shape and Image Suitable for Men’s Social Image -Focusing on South Korean and Chinese Men in their 20’s and 30’s-

This paper aimed to run a comparative analysis of preferred eyebrow shapes among South Korean and Chinese men in their 20’s and 30’s, to present their desirable eyebrow shape effective for giving an impression. Furthermore, the renewed recognition of the social function of eyebrow shapes, an important factor which determines their impression formation depending upon desirable images, could help ramp up the related cosmetics industry. For this purpose, we carried out a survey and did statistical analysis. The findings of this paper were as follows. First, as for preferred eyebrow shape, there turned out a common predominant preference for ‘standard type’ among South Korean and Chinese men. However, South Korean men had the least preference for ‘angled type’, while Chinese men had the least preference for ‘straight type’. This means Chinese men go after a ‘masculine’ image, compared with South Korean men. Second, among both South Korean and Chinese men, a ‘natural’ image was commonly the most popular, with ‘cute’ image the least popular. However, ‘simple’, ‘tender’, ‘refined’, and ‘urbane’ images ranked high in popularity among South Korean men; on the other hand, Chinese men had a preference for ‘masculine’, ‘simple’, ‘decent’, ‘dynamic’, and ‘tough’ images. Third, among men with sales/service or self-employed jobs which entail face to face contact with people, a ‘natural’ image without revealing their personality was commonly most popular; on the other hand, there was a tendency to raise their energy through ‘dynamic’ images among men with office/administrative jobs which need human resource management through work concentration and hierarchy. And men with production/engineering jobs which entail lots of movements tended to seek toughness through a ‘masculine’ image. There was a preference for bright and affirmative energy through ‘lively’ image among students who was building relationships with friends with no occupational image. Finally, as regards socially desirable eyebrow shapes of those surveyed by job, ‘standard type’ or ‘straight type’ is suitable for men with sales/service or self-employed jobs requiring a ‘natural image’. On the other hand, ‘upward type’ is suitable for men with production/engineering job in need of a ‘masculine image’. And also, ‘angled type’ goes well with a ‘dynamic image’ which men with office/administrative job need.

Effects of Thioglycolate Compounds in an Emerging Technique in the World of Cosmetics-Brow Lamination.

The side effects of two related chemicals, ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) and thioglycolic acid (TGA) have been widely highlighted in the world of cosmetics. These thioglycolate compounds are considered essential ingredients in a new technique known as brow lamination. This technique is widely used nowadays, with the aim of changing the eyebrow shape. To our knowledge, this is the first study to address the possible side effects of brow lamination. The hydrophilic characteristic of ATG and TGA reflects their transdermal absorption through the intracellular and transappendageal pathways. These compounds can affect the skin through allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), characterized by skin irritation, dryness, and erythema. Moreover, these thioglycolates can alter several mechanical and chemical reactions in the eyebrows' hair, therefore affecting their shape, structure, and pigmentation. In addition, these chemicals contained in brow lamination can exert systemic manifestations, at the level of the reproductive, ocular, respiratory, and endocrine systems. More studies should be elaborated to shed light on the possible side effects of this trend. Additionally, further regulations should be taken into consideration to ensure the concentration and the measures applied are convenient to minimize these side effects.

Follicular unit extraction combined with fractional carbon dioxide laser therapy for post-traumatic eyebrow scar with defects: A prospective and comparative study.

Eyebrows play a crucial role in the human body. While Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) is a widely utilized and highly effective treatment for typical eyebrow deficiencies, it may not yield satisfactory outcomes for patients with post-traumatic eyebrow scars and defects. A prospective comparative clinical study was conducted to explore the treatment outcomes of post-traumatic eyebrow scars accompanied by defects using a combination of ablative fractional CO2 laser therapy with FUE. Between January 2019 and January 2023, we enrolled 30 patients with post-traumatic eyebrow scars and accompanying eyebrow defects, randomly assigning them to experimental and control groups. Patients in the control group received FUE treatment exclusively, whereas patients in the experimental group underwent CO2 fractional laser therapy on the eyebrow scars prior to FUE treatment. Alongside the patients' baseline data and the quantity of transplanted follicular units during surgery, we will compare the follicular survival rates between the two groups at 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Prior to FUE, there were no notable variances in baseline data between the two-patient groups. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively, the follicular survival rate in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the control group. Additionally, patients in the control group were more prone to experiencing postoperative asymmetry between their eyebrows and developing curly hair. For patients with post-traumatic eyebrow scars accompanied by eyebrow defects, we applied ablative fractional CO2 laser therapy in combination with FUE treatment. This approach not only resulted in a higher follicular survival rate postoperatively but also led to the achievement of a well-defined eyebrow shape.

A Gaze into the Eyebrow Standards of Asian Versus Caucasian Women.

Eyebrow position affects perceived facial expression and youthfulness, and its modification is a key component of facial rejuvenation. This investigation aimed to assess the preferred vertical eyebrow position, apex location, and eyebrow shape in Caucasian and Asian individuals and to analyze gaze patterns during aesthetic judgment using eye-tracking technology. The study included 76 Asian and Caucasian volunteers with no medical background. Eye movements were captured with a Tobii Pro Nano eye-tracker. Participants viewed AI-generated images of Caucasian and Asian females with varied eyebrow positions (ratios 1:1.3 to 1:2.5), shapes (angles 8° to 20°), and apex positions. Aesthetic preferences were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Eye-tracking metrics and aesthetic ratings were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and bivariate correlations. Both genders across ethnicities preferred a moderate eyebrow position ratio of 1:1.6. For eyebrow shapes, a 12° angle received the highest ratings, while extremes were less favored, indicating a preference for moderately curved eyebrows. The most appealing apex position was above the lateral canthus for Asians, and halfway between the lateral limbus and lateral canthus for Caucasians. Eye-tracking revealed longer fixations on unattractive features, suggesting more complex cognitive processing, while attractive features were processed more efficiently. The study revealed that aesthetic preferences for eyebrow features are influenced by both ethnic background and gender, with a general preference toward moderately curved eyebrows and subtle variations in preferred positions. These findings suggest a need for culturally sensitive approaches in facial aesthetic procedures and highlight the potential of eye-tracking technology to enhance surgical planning. Surgeons are advised to adopt a conservative, patient-centered approach when modifying eyebrow features, considering individual and cultural aesthetics to maximize patient satisfaction. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Permanent Makeup (PMU) Removal with Plant Origin Extracts

Permanent makeup (PMU) is a popular application for the correction of face and body imperfections. It can be applied over the facial area to correct the shape and color of eyebrows, to the eyelids to create permanent eyeliner shapes, and the lips to create permanent lipliner and lip shading features. Furthermore, its “medical” use on the scalp and men’s facial hair area to camouflage hair follicles and to cover hairless areas makes it popular for hair transplants. No matter how useful these procedures are, there are always mistakes and the factor of bad application which raises the number of patients who want to “remove” it or “correct” it on their face or body. In order to find a non-laser solution for PMU removal, we investigated the decolorization capacity of common plants and plant origin extracts on mouse models. Two methods were used for PMU decolorization. The first one included the use of traditional tattooing with needles combined with plant origin extracts applied over the tattooed area. The second one included the use of electroporation technology application with the combination of plant origin materials to remove the PMU colorants over the tattooed area. In both cases, the permanent makeup colorants for eyebrows, eyeliners, and lipliners were applied in vivo.

The Effect of Facial Image by Eyebrow Shape of Mask Wearer on Overall Facial Evaluation

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyebrow shape on facial image evaluation of mask wearers. Questionnaire method was used as the data collection method. The stimuli used in the questionnaire were created using Adobe Photoshop CC 2018. We created two types of questionnaires by first calculating the average rate of change for each of the six types of eyebrows mentioned in eyebrow makeup, and then combining these six types of eyebrows on the face of the same model. The questionnaire was administered to adults in their 20s and 40s living in Seoul. We used the SPSS 21.0 program to analyze a total of 328 copies of the data. The results of the data analysis are as follows. First, the respondents were mainly female students in their 20s. Second, we found the following results regarding the effect of wearing a mask on the perception of other people's facial images. The results showed that facial images without masks were mainly influenced by eyes and face shape, while facial images with masks were mainly influenced by eyes, eyebrows, and hairstyle. Third, the sub-dimensions of facial image consisted of "soft", "urban", and "tired". Fourth, we found that the facial image of mask wearers varies according to the six different eyebrow shapes, which affects the overall facial evaluation. The gender and age of the perceiver also made a difference in the overall face evaluation. In other words, facial information visible while wearing a mask, specifically visual cues around the eyes (eyebrow shape), have been shown to act as positive or negative cues for overall facial image evaluation.

The Training and Application of Silicone Products in Eyebrow Transplantation Simulation.

Because the structure of eyebrows is complicated, students need a lot of practice to become familiar with the distribution pattern of eyebrow hair. The current study was designed to investigate training methods for eyebrow design and planting practice before eyebrow hair transplantation to improve planting quality. Twelve surgical students were selected. The 6 students in the experimental group had never performed eyebrow transplantation surgery, whereas the 6 in the control group had experience of the procedure. Students in both groups received theoretical and simulated eyebrow hair transplantation instruction. Students were required to master standard eyebrow transplantation. The results of the experimental group and the control group were compared before and after training. The results revealed that the overall results of the experimental and control groups significantly improved compared with before training (P < .05). After theoretical training, 2-dimensional simulation training, and 3-dimensional simulation training, eyebrow shape, symmetry, hair angle, and density after the 3-dimensional simulation training were statistically significantly improved (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference, and the students in the control group did not demonstrate any improvement in their capacity to arrange the eyebrows or shape them symmetrically. After training, however, the angle and density of the hair substantially improved. The experimental group's technical ability in simulated eyebrow planting significantly improved. The present study demonstrated that the students could develop their skills and get closer to the level of surgeons with experience in eyebrow transplant surgery by integrating theoretical lectures with practiced procedures.

Satisfaction with Service Quality and Re-treatment Intention according to Perception of Eyebrows and Motives for Semi-permanent Makeup Eyebrow Treatment

This study attempted to investigate people’s satisfaction with service quality and re-treatment intention according to the perception of eyebrows, semi-permanent makeup and motives for eyebrow treatment against those in their 20-50s or older, who had semi-permanent makeup or eyebrow treatment before, and the results found the followings: In terms of eyebrow shape, ‘standard’ was the highest with 37.7%, followed by ‘straight (21.7%)’ and ‘angular (18.3%)’. When asked how much satisfied they are with their eyebrow shape, ‘not satisfied (2 points)’ was responded with 2.33 points in average. When asked what bothers them about their eyebrows, ‘loss of eyebrows (18.7%)’ was most responded, followed by ‘unsatisfying shape (18.5%)’. When asked if an eyebrow shape has an influence on their personal image, ‘4.52 points’ was observed in average, being positioned between ‘likely (4 points)’ and ‘very likely (5 points)’. Concerning the effects of the motives to get a semi-permanent makeup or eyebrow treatment on satisfaction with service quality, ‘aesthetic interest’ and ‘pursuit of convenience’ revealed a positive influence with statistical significance. Regarding the effects of satisfaction with such service quality on re-treatment intention, ‘satisfaction with the process’ and ‘satisfaction with the results’ showed a positive influence with statistical significance. In addition, motives to get a semi-permanent makeup or eyebrow treatment, satisfaction with service quality and re-treatment intention were very high with 3.84 points in average. In other words, the above results confirm that motives to get a semi-permanent makeup or eyebrow treatment and satisfaction with service quality have a positive correlation with retreatment intention.

Analysis of Korean Women’s Eyebrow Shape for Makeup Design

Purpose: The eyebrow shapes are potent signs of facial recognition, expression, and emotional status. The morphological expression of the eyebrows plays a vital role in communicating an image when applying cosmetics. The purpose of this research was to offer the application of eyebrow makeup by providing a standardized shape to typical eyebrows of adult women.Methods: This research measured the eyebrow shapes and colors of 300 women in their 20s and 30s in Korea. The measurement data were used to identify the typical eyebrow forms that represented women’s eyebrows.Results: The average width of the eyebrows was 49.7 (±3.6) mm, the average thickness was 8.1 (±1.4) mm, and the average peak of the eyebrow arch was 1.78 (±0.9) mm, respectively. The color value of the eyebrows is the average L* 59.5, a* 4.25, b* 8.72. We divided female eyebrows into four varieties: standard, straight, upward, and soft or harsh angles.Conclusions: This discovery shows that different eyebrow forms can be assessed and modified to fit the standard type. Additionally, by using these measurements, eyebrow makeup’s aesthetic design can be enhanced.

A Study on the Standard type of Eyebrow Design for the Development of A.I. Beauty Service

A little bit of change in eyebrow makeup, which is essential for complementing a face shape and regulating its image, can have an effect on an overall face; especially, mandatory mask wearing due to the covid-19 breakout has highlighted the importance of eyebrow makeup, creating a variety of eyebrow shapes. Among them, ‘standard’ eyebrow type goes well with all types of face shape. However, it does not mean eyebrow makeup can complement the disadvantages of face shape. Therefore, as concerns the thickness of eyebrow, the gap between eyebrows and eyes, and the glabellar width, this study aimed to collect their quantitative data on the base of which standard eyebrow type is corrected and supplemented enough to be suited well by face shape, in order to provide basic data for creating the algorithm of A.I.-based beauty device – a stepping stone for the development of related services. In this study, we made a literature review on standard eyebrow type, thus making an organised experiment, and then performed an expert evaluation of its result. The findings of this study were as follows: First, when we made standard eyebrow expressions on a long face by using makeup eyebrow pencil, expressing much narrower the gap between eyebrow and eye, and the glabellar as well turned out to be effective. This may be because such a makeup made the gap look relatively short, and the narrow-looking glabellar made the face center catch one’s eye, with the result that they helped the narrow face look relatively wide. Second, when we made standard eyebrow expressions on a diamond face, expressing the glabellar much narrower turned out to work. It can be because the narrow-looking glabellar made the face center catch one’s eye, keeping one's eyes out of high cheekbones. Third, when standard eyebrow was expressed on an angular or inverted triangle face, penciling the overall eyebrows much thicker made the face area look relatively narrower, had the desired effect. It may be worth meaning that such an eyebrow makeup made the exposed face area smaller, eclipsing the standout angular part of the face. Finally, when we made standard eyebrow expressions on a round or oval face, expressing the eyebrow much thicker, the gap between eye and eyebrow much wider, and the glabellar much narrower proved effective. It may be because the narrow-looking glabellar made one’s eye focused on the center of the face, helping look relatively narrow the wide midface which ranges from eyebrow to the tip of the nose from the aesthetic view.

Predicting the eyebrow from the orbit using three-dimensional CT imaging in the application of forensic facial reconstruction and identification

Eyebrows are the most important facial feature in facial recognition with its shape rated to be more helpful than color or density for facial reconstruction or approximation. However, little extant research has estimated the position and morphological territory of the eyebrow from the orbit. Three-dimensional craniofacial models, produced from CT scans of 180 Koreans autopsied at the National Forensic Service Seoul Institute, were used to conduct metric analyses of subjects (125 males and 55 females) between 19 and 49 (mean 35.1) years. We employed 18 craniofacial landmarks to examine the morphometry of the eyebrow and orbit with 35 pairs of distances per subject measured between landmark and reference planes. Additionally, we used linear regression analyses to predict eyebrow shape from the orbit for every possible combination of variables. The morphology of the orbit has more influence on the position of the superior margin of the eyebrow. In addition, the middle part of the eyebrow was more predictable. The highest point of the eyebrow in female was located more medially than the male. Based on our findings, the equations for estimating the position of the eyebrow from the shape of the orbit is useful information for face reconstruction or approximation.

The Male Eyebrow and Eyelid: An Anthropometric Analysis of White Professional Models.

Surgical lift of eyebrows is one of the most efficient facial rejuvenation methods. Although the popularity of those procedures seems to be increasing among men, little is known about aesthetically pleasant male eyebrow shape and position. Semiautomatic photogrammetric analysis of 300 professional White male models of assumed age (18 to 39 years old) was performed. The assessment was conducted in two sessions, using A.I.D. software. A set of linear, angular, and surface area morphometric parameters of the periorbital region was measured. A total of 600 periorbital regions were quantitatively evaluated. Statistical analysis showed high interrater reliability for all three types of measurements. The mean width of the eyebrow was found to be 47.28 ± 4.55 mm. The male eyebrow was flat and low-located, overlying the orbital rim. The apex was located at the lateral two-thirds of the brow's width. The vertical distance between the eyebrow's peak and the hairline was 51.3 ± 7.15 mm. In addition, averaged body contours were generated using the A.I.D. software, enabling graphic summarization of facial outline and periorbital contours of all analyzed subjects in the form of a single figure. Based on the aesthetic preferences of several leading modeling agencies, a concept of the ideal eyebrow for White men was created. The collected morphometric data on the periorbital region may guide the surgical rejuvenation attempts of achieving youthful and natural brow contours. It may also aid its reconstruction using hair transplant techniques.

Eyebrow Shape Preference Across Age, Gender, and Self-reported Ethnic Group.

Preference in eyebrow shape has been studied in young women, but less so in older adults, men, and a wide variety of ethnic groups. To identify preference in eyebrow shape across age groups, genders, and ethnic groups for both the survey responder and the observed subject. Digital images of subjects from 3 age groups (18-39, 40-59, and 60+ years), 2 genders (female and male), and 4 self-identified ethnic backgrounds were edited to correspond to 5 brow shapes (Anastasia, head-up, horizontal, rounded, and tail-up). Panels of images representing the same subject with different brow shapes were displayed and responders ranked them in order of attractiveness via an online survey. Six hundred fifty-two responders answered the survey. Survey responders generally preferred the Anastasia shape, but not in all subgroups. Strength of preference in eyebrow shape was more marked when observing images of women and less marked when observing men. An arched brow, such as the Anastasia shape, was the preferred eyebrow shape. This study is limited by its survey nature, underrepresentation of self-identified Black study responders, and categorization of data. Despite these findings, the authors advocate determining eyebrow shape preference individually with patients during cosmetic consultations.

Occurrence and Distribution of 16 Human Morphogenetic Traits in the Maseru District of Lesotho

Background: Morphogenetic traits are used in human identification in forensic investigations and demonstration of basic genetics but without agreement on inheritance patterns in all cases. Method: The distribution of 16 morphogenetic traits among 505 students were analyzed, performed Chi-squared ({\displaystyle \chi ^{2}}χ2) analysis to determine conformity of the traits with the genetic model of one-gene with two-alleles and association between trait and gender; distribution of the traits among 114 offspring of 46, H X H, H X N and N X N parental pairs was analyzed to determine if the traits are monogenic or polygenic and for association between parents and offspring. Results: The dominant phenotype was more prevalent (%) for ear lobe, tongue rolling, tongue folding, bent little finger, index/ring finger, widow's peak, eyebrow shape and handedness but, less prevalent for dimple, cleft chin, hand clasping, arms folding, white forelock, ear pit, longer 2nd toe and gap tooth. No significant association between gender and any trait, χ2 (1, N = 505) &lt; 3.48, p &gt; .05). {\displaystyle \chi ^{2}}χ2 analysis of observed and expected numbers of phenotypes of cheek dimple, cleft chin, hair line, white forelock, ear pit, longer 2nd toe and gap tooth fitted the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions and were considered monogenic traits. Results for 9 traits deviated from the H-W assumptions and were considered polygenic. Analyses of the distribution of the traits among the 114 offspring showed that the heterozygotes (HN) outnumbered the homozygotes (HH or NN) among the dominant phenotypes for 14 traits which suggested that the recessive alleles were protected in the dominant phenotypes. Except for hair line where H X H pair produced only H offspring and white forelock, where N X N pair produced only N offspring, the three different pairs produced both H and N offspring. Association between parents and offspring was observed because, most H x H pairs produced more H than N and most N X N pairs produced more N than H offspring. Conclusion: Production of H offspring by N X N or N offspring by H X H parents suggested that such traits are not monogenic, the parents not homozygotes and/or “paternal discrepancy" and demonstrate the complex inheritance patterns of morphogenetic traits that should be explained when used to demonstrate basic genetics principles.

Impact of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection on Brow Position and Frontalis Muscle Activity Following Treatment of Glabellar Lines.

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injections for the treatment of facial lines may lead to pleasant or undesirable changes in eyebrow height and position. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of glabellar injection of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (DAXI), a novel BoNTA formulation, on eyebrow position and frontalis activity. This study involved the post hoc analysis of adult patients from the Phase 2a forehead lines (FHL, N = 60) and open-label safety (OLS, N = 175) studies who received a single dose of DAXI 40 U to the glabella and for whom facial photographs were taken at rest and at maximum eyebrow elevation. Median vertical and horizontal displacement of the brows and median forehead strain (an objective quantitative assessment of frontalis activity) from baseline to 2 weeks after glabellar DAXI injection were measured. Two weeks after glabellar DAXI injection, vertical eyebrow movement (at rest) of the lateral brow was observed. In both studies, vertical movement was greatest in the lateral (0.6-0.9 mm) and mid (0.5-0.7 mm) brow regions; movement in the medial brow was negligible (0-0.23 mm). In both studies, a graded reduction in forehead strain was observed 2 weeks post glabellar DAXI injection, with the greatest reduction being in the lower segment (FHL, -73%; OLS, -82%). Treatment with DAXI showed improvements in FHL wrinkle severity. Glabellar injection of DAXI showed a positive reduction in dynamic frontalis activity that maintained or had a positive effect on eyebrow position. Vertical movement of the brow was suggestive of an improved eyebrow shape with a mild lateral arch.

Region specific and subimage based neighbour gradient feature extraction for robust periocular recognition

This paper proposes a Periocular recognition algorithm that uses region-specific and sub-image-based neighbor gradient feature extraction to achieve better recognition results. This approach initially segments the periocular region into four sub-regions such as eyebrow, eye corner regions, upper and lower eye fold regions after detecting the left and right eye corner points. KAZE feature extraction algorithm is used to extract the features from the upper eye fold region, while the HOG feature extraction algorithm is used to extract the feature from the eyebrow and eye corner regions. This approach also estimates the shape of the eyebrow by estimating the distance from N points on the eyebrow region to the eye corner midpoint. The eyebrow shape feature also contains the width and height measures through N points on the eyebrow that give its shape. The proposed approach also proposes a sub-image-based neighbor gradient (SING) feature extraction that extracts the neighbor gradient features from a 3×3 sub-image. Finally, the extracted features are trained using the Naïve Bayes classifier. The experimental evaluation was done using the AR dataset, CASIA Iris distance dataset, and UBIPr dataset using the metrics such as rank-1, rank-5 recognition accuracies, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and equal error rate (EER). The proposed scheme provides a rank-1 recognition rate of 92.32 %, 97.41 %, and 97.87 % for the dataset UBIPr, CASIA-Iris, and AR datasets respectively. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms the traditional periocular recognition algorithms.

Analysis of the Eyebrow Shape of Men for Semi-permanent Makeup Design

Purpose: With the contemporary shift in men’s attitudes about their appearance and personal grooming, demand for semi-permanent eyebrow makeup is increasing. The ability to design esthetically pleasing, natural-looking eyebrows has become a competitive skill that makeup artists specializing in semi-permanent eyebrow makeup should consistently demonstrate.Methods: Herein, we measured the eyebrow shapes of 300 Korean men in their 20’s and 30’s. These measurements were used to determine the typical eyebrows forms that are representative of men’s eyebrows.Results: The average width, thickness, and arch peak of the eyebrow were 55, 8.3, and 4 mm, respectively. The direction, thickness, and width of the eyebrow and the distance between the eyebrow and the eye were the most important aspects determining eyebrow shape. Based on the eyebrow form features, male eyebrows were divided into three categories: standard, straight, and upward.Conclusion: According to these form features, individual eyebrow shapes can be evaluated and adjusted with the standard type. Additionally, these measurements can be used to improve the esthetic design of semi-permanent eyebrow makeup.

787 Two Year Follow Up of Microblading in Patients with a Facial Burn Injury

IntroductionRecovery from a facial burn injury can be challenging. Excessive reconstructive interventions and the emotional devastation can be taxing. Microblading, semi-permanent eyebrow tattooing, is a potential non-invasive alternative treatment. Little research exists on microblading’s longevity and durability over burn scar or its impact on self-esteem. A single case study showed positive impact on patient perceived body image and maintenance of shape and color. Two years post microblading new data supports its efficacy as a potential treatment for patients with a facial burn.MethodsSingle case study two years post microblading of a 22-year-old female who sustained a 30% total body surface area burn injury to bilateral upper extremities, hands and face at age one. Based on referral from her plastic surgeon, she underwent first microblading treatment March 2019 with a standard touch up session May 2019. Patient has not undergone any additional sessions since. Photos obtained two years post treatment were compared to before/after photos immediately following microblading to assess longevity and durability on scar tissue. Self-reported patient outcomes obtained two years after microblading assessed impact on self-esteem and body image.ResultsPhotos were taken pre/post microblading, at nine months, and 2.5 years post. Comparison of photos over time showed some expected fading but maintenance of overall shape. Patient self-reports using an eyebrow pencil to darken when she desires brows that are more vibrant and trims hair as needed to maintain shape. Patient reports positive impact to her self-esteem post-microblading. “I most definitely did notice some changes in my self-esteem.” She notes feeling happier and more confident, especially in social situations with peers. Comparison of responses immediately post-microblading with 2.5 years later show focus on improved self-esteem versus satisfaction with appearance of the eyebrow.ConclusionsComparison of follow up photos obtained 2.5 years after initial microblading shows maintenance of eyebrow shape with some fading of color. Further research is needed to determine if color fading is as expected or more pronounced in patients with scarred skin. Also important is the impact of characteristic dryness of scars on fading rate. To maintain adequate color, additional treatments would be recommended. Better understanding of factors affecting fading would help determine frequency and timing of maintenance sessions. Patient report indicates increasingly improved self-esteem over time as evidenced by focus on confidence versus appearance. Despite some fading, data supports microblading as an effective non-surgical treatment in establishing eyebrow appearance and function over burn scar.

The Function Of Virtual Media In Javanese Makeup Learning In Mike Up's Practice Lecture On Putri Cantik Jawa

The purpose of this study was to find out how to use virtual methods to increase student interest in learning Javanese makeup related to Javanese makeup. The type of this research is that students are given virtual video tutorials on how to make eyebrows, apply powder and foundation, and apply lipstick. Practice will get maximum results, it requires a process of repeated practice. Perseverance in following video tutorials that are practiced at home to get good results. The results will be seen when students send videos to lecturers which are sent individually from each student. Conclusion: Students' abilities can be seen from the results of videos made with models of themselves or others or taking turns with friends. Ability can be seen in the results of makeup, eyebrow shape, cheek rus shape, eye shadow coloring, the resulting shape of the face becomes more beautiful, clean and beautiful.

Tailored eyebrow shape and positioning using incobotulinumtoxinA injection in the upper face

Tailored eyebrow shape and positioning using incobotulinumtoxinA injection in the upper face