To determine factors associated with vision loss 1year after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) surgery in Black or Hispanic patients, who bear disproportionate glaucoma burdens yet have been underrepresented in pivotal trials. This retrospective study included Black or Hispanic patients who received AGVs standalone or combined with phacoemulsification and/or cyclodestructive lasers. Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations evaluated the effects of baseline, surgical, and postoperative factors on vision loss of two Snellen lines or more at the 1-year follow-up visit. The primary term was the hypertensive phase (HP), which signified an intraocular pressure (IOP) reading > 21mmHg within the first 3 postoperative months after reduction below 22 in the first week, without other tube malfunction. Of 241 eyes from 186 patients, vision loss of ≥ 2 lines at the 1-year follow-up visit occurred in 21.6% (N = 52). Vision loss of ≥ 2 lines occurred in 52.5% of eyes at week 1, 36.9% of eyes at month 1, and 27.0% of eyes at month 3. Between 6months and 1year, vision loss frequencies stabilized. In the multivariate model, HP (OR = 4.71 (2.14, 10.38)), total quadrants with split fixation (1.47 (1.20, 1.81)), follow-up non-glaucomatous eye pathology (2.89 (1.44, 5.80)), and concurrent cataract surgery (0.42 (0.22, 0.82)) each met significance (p < 0.05). Post-AGV vision loss in the early follow-up period among Black or Hispanic patients was often transient. Hypertensive phase and split fixation each increased the odds of vision loss at 1year, while concurrent cataract surgery decreased the odds.