Eye Patch Research Articles

Severe Corneoscleral Dellen Following Uneventful Bilateral Pterygia Excision in a Nigerian Adult: A Case Report

We describe a patient who had uneventful excision of bilateral nasal pterygia using bare sclera technique with adjunctive topical antimetabolite therapy and subsequently developed bilateral corneoscleral dellen. A 44-year old Nigerian male presented with signs of bilateral nasal pterygia and had surgery done on both eyes. The pterygia excisions were performed under local anaesthesia using bare sclera technique with intraoperative adjunctive antimetabolite application. There was no post-operative complication until after 23 days with the appearance of bilateral corneal and sclera dellen, first on the left eye then the right with 5 days interval between both eyes. Treatment modality involved topical lubricant therapy, alternating eye patching and bandage contact lens. Corneal and sclera epithelization occurred in both eyes after six weeks of medical therapy with a slightly inflamed recurrent pterygium in the right eye. Corneal and sclera dellen is a rare late complication of uneventful pterygium excision with adjunctive therapy and it can however be managed effectively by medical therapy albeit increased risk of early recurrence of the pterygium.

Structural Analysis on the Block Lifting in Shipbuilding Construction Process

Deformation is unavoidable in some stages of the ship production process. Deformation occurs when the blocks are lifted in an erroneous eye pad position. The aim of this study was to determine behaviour of the ship structures during assembly and lifting process. A typical tanker was used as the basic structural shape. The bottom structures was modeled to be analyzed. In this study, deformations and stresses on the bottom structures during the block lifting are investigated using the finite element method. The deformations and stresses are evaluated and critical condition detected. The preferable block lifting method with the minimum distortion on the bottom structures of tanker is proposed.

Case 2: Neonate with an Eye Mask

A male infant (weight 2,340 g) is born to a 39-year-old gravida 2 woman with previously diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus and a history of 1 preterm intrauterine fetal demise, at 34 weeks of gestation. The mother had been taking oral steroids, azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine for the last 14 years. She had positive antinuclear antibodies and anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies with biopsy-proven class III lupus nephritis, which worsened during pregnancy with increasing proteinuria. The pregnancy was terminated at 34 weeks through elective lower segment cesarean delivery. During pregnancy, the mother had regular antenatal follow-up visits and underwent investigations including maternal anti-Ro/La antibodies, which were negative, and fetal echocardiography, which had normal findings. At the …

Treating amblyopia in adults with prosthetic occluding contact lenses.

To investigate the feasibility, effectiveness and acceptability of using prosthetic occluding contact lenses (OCLs) to treat moderate amblyopia in adults and of the role of the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) as a predictor of postamblyopic therapy. A comparative, prospective, interventional, case series pilot study with amblyopic adults (mean age: 40years, range 20-50years) allocated into two intervention groups: eye patching and OCL. The primary outcome variable was logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and secondary outcomes were mfVEP amplitude and latency and patients' health-related quality of life National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). Significant improvements in pre- to postamblyopic therapy BCVA were seen at 1.5months in the OCL group [0.29 logMAR, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10-0.47 versus 0.11 logMAR, 95% CI: 0.02-0.19; p<0.001] and eye patching group (0.29 logMAR, 95% CI: 0.17-0.40 versus 0.18 logMAR, 95% CI: 0.12-0.23; p<0.01). Post-treatment BCVA was inversely related to age (R: 0.009, 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.001; p=0.04) and the presence of strabismus (R: -0.3, 95% CI: -0.434 to -0.17; p=0.001). No significant changes in the number and size of the abnormal mfVEP amplitude and latency defects were observed after occlusion. The NEI VFQ-25 composite score showed significant improvement in the OCL users at 12months compared to eye patching. Significant vision improvement can be achieved, making occlusion with OCLs an effective and more acceptable therapy for adults with amblyopia.

Chromatic and achromatic monocular deprivation produce separable changes of eye dominance in adults.

Temporarily depriving one eye of its input, in whole or in part, results in a transient shift in eye dominance in human adults, with the patched eye becoming stronger and the unpatched eye weaker. However, little is known about the role of colour contrast in these behavioural changes. Here, we first show that the changes in eye dominance and contrast sensitivity induced by monocular eye patching affect colour and achromatic contrast sensitivity equally. We next use dichoptic movies, customized and filtered to stimulate the two eyes differentially. We show that a strong imbalance in achromatic contrast between the eyes, with no colour content, also produces similar, unselective shifts in eye dominance for both colour and achromatic contrast sensitivity. Interestingly, if this achromatic imbalance is paired with similar colour contrast in both eyes, the shift in eye dominance is selective, affecting achromatic but not chromatic contrast sensitivity and revealing a dissociation in eye dominance for colour and achromatic image content. On the other hand, a strong imbalance in chromatic contrast between the eyes, with no achromatic content, produces small, unselective changes in eye dominance, but if paired with similar achromatic contrast in both eyes, no changes occur. We conclude that perceptual changes in eye dominance are strongly driven by interocular imbalances in achromatic contrast, with colour contrast having a significant counter balancing effect. In the short term, eyes can have different dominances for achromatic and chromatic contrast, suggesting separate pathways at the site of these neuroplastic changes.

Amblyopia due to intermediate uveitis as the presenting symptom of Crohn's disease in a 6-year-old boy

A 6-year-old boy presented with unexplained unilateral low visual acuity. Best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed intermediate uveitis, with moderate vitritis, snowballs, and snowbanking. Infectious and noninfectious conditions known to be associated with intermediate uveitis were excluded. Vitreous inflammation gradually resolved with oral steroids, and amblyopia treatment with left eye patching was advised. Several months later the boy suffered acute monoarthritis and episodes of mucopurulent diarrhea; a terminal ileum biopsy was consistent with Crohn's disease. This case of Crohn's disease and uveitis is unusual in that ocular inflammation preceded intestinal involvement, with the atypical feature of chronic intermediate uveitis.

Eye patches: Protein assembly of index-gradient squid lenses.

A parabolic relationship between lens radius and refractive index allows spherical lenses to avoid spherical aberration. We show that in squid, patchy colloidal physics resulted from an evolutionary radiation of globular S-crystallin proteins. Small-angle x-ray scattering experiments on lens tissue show colloidal gels of S-crystallins at all radial positions. Sparse lens materials form via low-valence linkages between disordered loops protruding from the protein surface. The loops are polydisperse and bind via a set of hydrogen bonds between disordered side chains. Peripheral lens regions with low particle valence form stable, volume-spanning gels at low density, whereas central regions with higher average valence gel at higher densities. The proteins demonstrate an evolved set of linkers for self-assembly of nanoparticles into volumetric materials.

Confusion abounds after a cataract op.

What about my eye pad?' asked a patient after his cataract operation. Funnily enough I had been compiling basic ophthalmology competencies that morning and 'the application of an eye pad' was one of them.

Surgeon and Patient Preference and Outcomes of Standard Reusable Shield Vs New Disposable Eye Patch for Occlusion during LASEK Refractive Surgery

Surgeon and Patient Preference and Outcomes of Standard Reusable Shield Vs New Disposable Eye Patch for Occlusion during LASEK Refractive Surgery

A PC-based shutter glasses controller for visual stimulation using multithreading in LabWindows/CVI

Background and objectives: Amblyopia, commonly known as “lazy eye,” is poor vision in an eye from prolonged neurologic suppression. It is a major public health problem, afflicting up to 3.6% of children, and will lead to lifelong visual impairment if not identified and treated in early childhood. Traditional treatment methods, such as occluding or penalizing the good eye with eye patches or blurring eye drops, do not always yield satisfactory results. Newer methods have emerged, based on liquid crystal shutter glasses that intermittently occlude the better eye, or alternately occlude the two eyes, thus stimulating vision in the “lazy” eye. As yet there is no technology that allows easy and efficient optimization of the shuttering characteristics for a given individual. The purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive, computer-based system to perform liquid crystal shuttering in laboratory and clinical settings to help “wake up” the suppressed eye in amblyopic patients, and to help optimize the individual shuttering parameters such as wave shape, level of transparency/opacity, frequency, and duty cycle of the shuttering.Methods: We developed a liquid crystal glasses controller connected by USB cable to a PC computer. It generates the voltage waveforms going to the glasses, and has potentiometer knobs for interactive adjustments by the patient. In order to achieve good timing performance in this bidirectional system, we used multithreading programming techniques with data protection, implemented in LabWindows/CVI.Results: The hardware and software developed were assessed experimentally. We achieved an accuracy of ±1Hz for the frequency, and ±2% for the duty cycle of the occlusion pulses. We consider these values to be satisfactory for the purpose of optimizing the visual stimulation by means of shutter glasses. The system can be used for individual optimization of shuttering attributes by clinicians, for training sessions in clinical settings, or even at home, aimed at stimulating vision in the “lazy” eye.Conclusions: Multithreading offers significant benefits for data acquisition and instrument control, making it possible to implement time-efficient algorithms in inexpensive yet versatile medical instrumentation with only minimum requirements on the hardware.

Monocular Perceptual Deprivation from Interocular Suppression Temporarily Imbalances Ocular Dominance

Early visual experience sculpts neural mechanisms that regulate the balance of influence exerted by the two eyes on cortical mechanisms underlying binocular vision [1, 2], and experience's impact onthis neural balancing act continues into adulthood [3-5]. One recently described, compelling example of adult neural plasticity is the effect of patching one eye for a relatively short period of time: contrary to intuition, monocular visual deprivation actually improves the deprived eye's competitive advantage during a subsequent period of binocular rivalry [6-8], the robust form of visual competition prompted by dissimilar stimulation of the two eyes [9, 10]. Neural concomitants of this improvement in monocular dominance are reflected in measurements ofbrainresponsiveness following eye patching [11,12]. Here we report that patching an eye is unnecessary for producing this paradoxical deprivation effect: interocular suppression of an ordinarily visible stimulus being viewed by one eye is sufficient to produce shifts in subsequent predominance of that eye to an extent comparable to that produced by patching the eye. Moreover, this imbalance in eye dominance can also be induced by prior, extended viewing of two monocular images differing only in contrast. Regardless of how shifts in eye dominance are induced, the effect decays once the two eyes view stimuli equal in strength. These novel findings implicate the operation of interocular neural gain control that dynamically adjusts the relative balance of activity between the two eyes [13, 14].

177: EYE CARE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE PATIENTS: AN EVIDENCE BASED REVIEW

Background and aims:A complication of sedation and coma is that some patients are unable to maintain effective eyelid closure. These patients present a higher risk of eye complications. However, in...

OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA HAYATI RAMBUTAN KELENGKENG DESA KARANGREJO, BOROBUDUR KABUPATEN MAGELANG MELALUI OKULASI

&lt;p&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karangrejo village, subdistrict of Borobudur, Magelang regency has Punthuk Setumbu as a very beautiful place to watch the sunrise from the peak of Mounts Merapi and Merbabu with Borobudur shadow in the foreground. Beside its famous sunrise view, Karangrejo also famous with its rambutan fruit with trees nearly at every home yard. From pre-findings activities, there was a certain good rambutan variety that they called “rambutan klengkeng” or longan rambutan. This special kind of rambutan is so sweet, with thick flesh, easy to peel and fresh longer. It has potential to develop it as “Rambutan Karangrejo” as a special local type that become identity and source of income of Karangrejo villagers. The main objective of this activity are: (1) to identify the potentiallity of longan rambutan superior characteristics; (2) to improve the ability of farmers group to multiply the longan rambutan trees through grafting techniques. The method used were survey, focus group discussions, training, demonstration, self practicing and mentoring. The results are: 1. Some fruits that potential to develop are include rambutan, banana and jackfruit. Longan Rambutan fruit have many good characteristics such as its taste, thickness of flesh fruit, flavor, easy to peel and fresh longer. 2. The training for grafting technique have improved the understanding and skills of farmers group in terms of preparing rootstock, eye patch, prepare materials and tools, performing grafting techniques, monitoring and caring the grafting tress.&lt;/p&gt;

The Effect of Eye Patching on Clear Corneal Incision Architecture in Phacoemulsification: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To investigate the effects of postoperative eye patching on clear corneal incision architecture in phacoemulsification. A single-center, randomized controlled trial. A total of 132 patients with uncomplicated phacoemulsification were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. The intervention group received postoperative eye patching for approximately 18 hours, whereas the control group received eye shield. The clear corneal incision architecture was examined postoperatively at 2 hours, 1 day, and 7 days after surgery using optical coherence tomography. Epithelial gaping was significantly reduced on postoperative day 1 in the intervention group (52.4%) compared with control (74.2%) (P = 0.01). No differences were found for other architectural defects. Descemet membrane detachment was associated with lower intraocular pressure on postoperative day 7 (P = 0.02). Presence of underlying diabetes mellitus did not seem to influence architectural defects. Postoperative eye patching facilitated epithelial healing and reduced the occurrence of epithelial gaping on postoperative day 1. It may play a role in protecting and improving corneal wounds during the critical immediate postoperative period.

Patching for Diplopia Contraindicated in Patients with Brain Injury?

Patching for double vision is a common palliative treatment for head-trauma patients with acquired strabismus when prisms are not feasible. We review literature on spatial neglect and discuss possible effects of monocular occlusion on spatial attention. Patching the left eye has been shown to worsen spatial judgments in some brain-injured patients with left neglect by inhibiting the right superior colliculus further impairing contralateral leftward orienting (the Sprague Effect). Because more peripheral parts of the visual field increasingly project to the contralateral superior colliculus with the temporal crescent being entirely contralateral, avoiding patching of the temporal crescent was advised, and in most cases can be achieved by taping off the spectacle lens and avoiding an elastic eye patch.

Product Analysis and Development of Amblyopia Eye Patch for Children

Product Analysis and Development of Amblyopia Eye Patch for Children

A Case of Acute Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning Leading to Demyelinating Optic Neuropathy

Aluminum phosphide has been known, to be a major cause of non-accidental poisoning all over the world. The most common clinical manifestations being gastrointestinal and cardiovascular. Ocular manifestations have not been documented in the literature. We report a unique and rare presentation of aluminum phosphide poisoning. A 16 year old girl was brought with alleged ingestion of aluminum phosphide tablet and, developed redness and decreased vision in both the eyes. Visually Evoked Potential was suggestive of demyelinating optic neuropathy. She was treated with eye padding and eye drops to prevent dryness. Recovery and improvement in vision was seen after 5-6 days of ingestion. Aluminum phosphide poisoning may cause demyelinating optic neuropathy as a rare complication. In the presence of ocular symptoms, further ophthalmological and neurological evaluation is recommended. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and other possible etiologies must be ruled out before making the diagnosis.

Binocular iPad Game vs Patching for Treatment of Amblyopia in Children

Fellow eye patching has long been the standard treatment for amblyopia, but it does not always restore 20/20 vision or teach the eyes to work together. Amblyopia can be treated with binocular games that rebalance contrast between the eyes so that a child may overcome suppression. However, it is unclear whether binocular treatment is comparable to patching in treating amblyopia. To assess the effectiveness of a binocular iPad (Apple Inc) adventure game as amblyopia treatment and compare this binocular treatment with patching, the current standard of care. This investigation was a randomized clinical trial with a crossover design at a nonprofit eye research institute. Between February 20, 2015, and January 4, 2016, a total of 28 patients were enrolled in the study, with 14 randomized to binocular game treatment and 14 to patching treatment. Binocular game and patching as amblyopia treatments. The primary outcome was change in amblyopic eye best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the 2-week visit. Secondary outcomes were change in stereoacuity and suppression at the 2-week visit and change in BCVA at the 4-week visit. Among 28 children, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 6.7 (1.4) years (age range, 4.6-9.5 years), and 7 (25%) were female. At baseline, the mean (SD) amblyopic eye BCVA was 0.48 (0.14) logMAR (approximately 20/63; range, 0.3-0.8 logMAR [20/40 to 20/125]), with 14 children randomized to the binocular game and 14 to patching for 2 weeks. At the 2-week visit, improvement in amblyopic eye BCVA was greater with the binocular game compared with patching, with a mean (SD) improvement of 0.15 (0.08) logMAR (mean [SD], 1.5 [0.8] lines) vs 0.07 (0.08) logMAR (mean [SD], 0.7 [0.8] line; P = .02) after 2 weeks of treatment. These improvements from baseline were significant for the binocular game (mean [SD] improvement, 1.5 [0.8] lines; P < .001) and for patching (mean [SD] improvement, 0.7 [0.8] line; P = .006). Depth of suppression improved from baseline at the 2-week visit for the binocular game (mean [SD], 4.82 [2.82] vs 3.24 [2.87]; P = .03) and for patching (mean [SD], 4.77 [3.10] vs 2.57 [1.67]; P = .004). Patching children crossed over to binocular game treatment, and all 28 children played the game for another 2 weeks. At the 4-week visit, no group difference was found in BCVA change, with children who crossed over to the binocular games catching up with children treated with binocular games, for a mean (SD) improvement of 0.17 (0.10) logMAR (mean [SD], 1.7 [1.0] lines) for the binocular game vs a mean (SD) improvement of 0.16 (0.12) logMAR (mean [SD], 1.6 [1.2] lines) for the patching crossover (P = .73). A binocular iPad game was effective in treating childhood amblyopia and was more efficacious than patching at the 2-week visit. Binocular games that rebalance contrast to overcome suppression are a promising additional option for treating amblyopia. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02365090.

Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of a Bangerter Filter on Gross Stereopsis in Experimental Models of Reduced Visual Acuity.

Although a 0.3 Bangerter filter, which reduces visual acuity, is frequently used for treating moderate amblyopia, the effects on gross stereopsis are not well known. This study quantitatively evaluated whether gross stereopsis is degraded by a Bangerter filter. Seven healthy subjects (median age: 29 years) participated in this psychophysical study. Targets with crossed disparities of 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, and 5° were randomly presented on a three-dimensional television display. The subjects indicated the point at which the targets popped out from the television screen (matching method). The distance from the screen to the point was defined as the degree of stereopsis. This experiment was performed with and without a 0.3 Bangerter filter. The corrected monocular visual acuities were decreased to about 20/63 by the filter in all subjects. No significant difference was observed for any of the disparities (1°-5°), between the degree of stereopsis visualized with and without filters for either the dominant or the non-dominant eye. The degree of stereopsis was not degraded by the reduced visual acuity induced by the use of 0.3 Bangerter filters. In this regard, the use of 0.3 Bangerter filters may be considered safer than occlusion eye patches for the patients with normal binocular vision.

Patching for corneal abrasion.

Recent audits show that corneal abrasion is a common presenting eye complaint. Eye patches are often recommended for treating corneal abrasions despite the lack of evidence for their use. This systematic review was conducted to determine the effects of the eye patch when used to treat corneal abrasions.The objective of this review was to test the hypothesis that patching an eye following a corneal abrasion improves healing or provides pain relief.We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) on The Cochrane Library (2005, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to April 2005), EMBASE (1980 to April 2005), LILACS (13 April 2005), NRR (2005, Issue 2) and SIGLE (December 2004). There were no language or date restrictions in the searches. We also searched the reference lists of included studies, unpublished 'grey' literature and conference proceedings and contacted pharmaceutical companies for details of unpublished trials.We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared patching the eye with no patching to treat simple corneal abrasions.Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted investigators for further information regarding quality of trials. The primary outcome was healing of the corneal epithelium and secondary outcomes were related to pain.Eleven trials, which randomised a total of 1014 participants, were included in the review. Meta-analysis of seven studies with dichotomous healing outcomes favoured no patching on the first day of healing (risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.79 to 0.99). For days two and three there was no significant difference between the two groups. Of the nine trials that measured pain scores two favoured no patching and none favoured patching. Complication rates were low and no differences were noted in these between the two groups. No-patch groups generally received more adjuvant treatment with antibiotics and/or cycloplegics than the patch group which is an important confounding factor.Treating simple corneal abrasions with a patch does not improve healing rates on the first day post-injury and does not reduce pain. In addition, use of patches results in a loss of binocular vision. Therefore it is recommended that patches should not be used for simple corneal abrasions. Further research should focus on large (greater than 10 mm(2)) abrasions.