Helix Nebula Research Articles

Novel constraints on companions to the Helix nebula central star

ABSTRACT The Helix is a visually striking and the nearest planetary nebula, yet any companions responsible for its asymmetric morphology have yet to be identified. In 2020, low-amplitude photometric variations with a periodicity of 2.8 d were reported based on Cycle 1 TESS observations. In this work, with the inclusion of two additional sectors, these periodic light curves are compared with lcurve simulations of irradiated companions in such an orbit. Based on the light-curve modelling, there are two representative solutions: (i) a Jupiter-sized body with 0.102 R$_\odot$ and an arbitrarily small orbital inclination $i=1^{\circ }$, and (ii) a 0.021 R$_\odot$ exoplanet with $i\approx 25^{\circ }$, essentially aligned with the Helix nebular inclination. Irradiated substellar companion models with equilibrium temperature 4970 K are constructed and compared with existing optical spectra and infrared photometry, where Jupiter-sized bodies can be ruled out, but companions modestly larger than Neptune are still allowed. Additionally, any spatially unresolved companions are constrained based on the multiwavelength, photometric spectral energy distribution of the central star. No ultracool dwarf companion earlier than around L5 is permitted within roughly 1200 au, leaving only faint white dwarfs and cold brown dwarfs as possible surviving architects of the nebular asymmetries. While a planetary survivor is a tantalizing possibility, it cannot be ruled out that the light-curve modulation is stellar in nature, where any substellar companion requires confirmation and may be possible with JWST observations.

A Reception of Pauline Ideas Shaped by a Jewish Milieu: The Case of the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies

This essay focuses on the reception of Pauline ideas in the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies, commonly dated to the early fourth century. At first, the claim that the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies contain Pauline ideas may seem surprising, since the Homilies are commonly considered “Jewish Christian” and thus anti-Pauline. However, new readings of Paul generated by the “Paul within Judaism” perspective, along with new insights on the Homilies, reveal that the latter work seems to contain Pauline ideas not preserved in other receptions of Paul. The Homilies share with Paul the following traits and ideas: (1) like Paul, the Homilies distinguish between Jews and non-Jews (the term “Christian” never appears) and, like Paul, the Homilies’ teachings about law address gentiles and prescribe a kind of Judaism for them; (2) gentiles must adapt to a Jewish lifestyle and keep the commandments that the Torah prescribes for non-Israelites; (3) Jews and Jesus-oriented gentiles together make up the people of God (called theosebeis in the Homilies), but the distinction between them remains. They have equal status in the eyes of God but differences in their observance of the law remain. An important point where the Homilies deviate from Paul is their insistence that Jews do not necessarily need Jesus. For the Homilies, Jesus is primarily the teacher of gentiles, and they envision two parallel paths to salvation: Moses for Jews and Jesus for gentiles. This essay suggests that the Homilies’ understanding of ideas that we recognize as Pauline developed in a milieu marked by the presence of non-Jesus-oriented (rabbinic) Jews.

From Tillable Fields to Men’s Equal Partners: The Treatment of Women in Early Muslim–Christian Polemic

Even though women and questions of gender difference are not a core issue in medieval Eastern Christian–Muslim polemic, there are numerous arguments that go back and forth between Muslims and Christians that revolve around women. In the large corpus of polemical texts from the Middle East between the 8th and the 13th centuries, it can be noted that criticism of the other religion involves pointing out illogicalities and absurdities in each other’s doctrines and rituals. Carefully constructed arguments against the claim to Divine endorsement of the faith of the other party are frequently interlaced with criticism of their alleged immoral behavior. Although women feature mostly in the emotive sections of the polemical compositions, there are also reasoned debates about the issue of gender equality in the eyes of God. The discussion of these texts here brings out a range of diverse ideas about women that function primarily as sources for subsidiary arguments against the religious other. At the same time, this study reveals that these arguments were not invented ad hoc. They show the interconnectedness of works within a corpus of polemical texts that spans five centuries.

Pandangan Teologi Terhadap LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual Dan Transgender)

The background of this research problem is to find out (a) what factors influence the occurrence of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender); (b) the role of the family and church in dealing with LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender); (c) Christian theological views on LGBT. The research was conducted using qualitative research methods, namely interviews and internet sites. Data results obtained through interviews. The research results show: LGBT is a sexual deviation, which cannot be denied, Christians also fall into it. LGBT behavior is an abominable act in the eyes of God. This creates negative things in people's lives and health. Parents play a very important role in educating children, providing correct sex education that is in accordance with God's Word. This LGBT group has the right to repentance in Jesus. Because that is why Jesus came into the world to save humans from sin. The church also has a very important role in providing assistance to LGBT groups.

Altın Sarısı ve Mavi Geҫişi - Tarihi Bir Yerde Çağdaş Bir Gerçekleşme

The paper aims to demonstrate the creative process of the realization of a fountain in the courtyard of the Archbishop’s Castle in Kalocsa, Hungary. Lead architect of the diocese, Márta Vörös designed a complex artwork symbolizing the Trinity. The rounded shape concrete body of the fountain is seven metres in diameter and positioned in the middle of the inner garden space. In the centre of the composition, an orb and a dove figure are encompassed by a thin layer of water in a calyx-form. The surface of the fountain will be covered with Murano glass mosaic executed by the author. The dark colours from deep tones through the transition of blueish and greenish tints turn to golden shades reflecting to the Earth and Sky. The mosaic is made by direct technique in studio following a division system composed by 36 slices with 11 sections of each. The prepared sections are edited to fit to the curved design of the fountain, and the setting style desires to delicately amplify the symbolic content. From above the work will look like the eye of God as a universal protective symbol. This contemporary artwork exemplifies the fusion of traditional visual and theoretical values.

The shame of being undone by illness and the power of support through the body of Christ

AbstractThis paper examines shame that arises from living with a body that has been undone by cancer or other serious illness. It draws on first‐person narratives and social‐scientific studies of cancer patients to explore how bodies undone by illness often cease to conform to cultural standards of health as well as gendered expectations of bodies, and how experiences of shame arise from those shifts in how sick bodies appear and perform. Analysis of narratives by and qualitative data about those who are seriously ill also reveals how the undoing of the body by illness often precipitates an undoing of one's sense of self that leads to experiences of shame over an inability to fill roles and expectations in ways that were possible in life before serious illness. The paper then utilizes biblical and theological resources to explore ways religious communities can make space for those living with serious illness to lament what it's like to be undone by illness, to hold them up amid their experiences of vulnerability through public lament and acts of accompaniment, and to affirm their worth in the eyes of God and in the body of Christ.

Promoting Gender Equality and Empowerment: A Quranic and Hadith Perspective on Women's Roles in Islam

The Quran and the Hadith or prophetic traditions have defined the goal of Syariah as the manifestation of fairness and goodness. The Quran is a legal resource containing universal values guiding human life. Both women and men are essential beings. However, cultural, political, and interpretive power often make Islam seem unfriendly and discriminatory towards women. This study examines and analyses women's existence from an Islamic perspective. Specifically, this study will discuss women's existence in the discourse of gender equality, women's role in the domestic sphere, women's role in the public sphere, and the discourse on the future of women involving Islamic perspectives. The research method used is a literature review, specifically a study of Quranic and Hadith perspectives on gender roles and equality in Islam. The author systematically reviewed relevant literature, including Quranic verses, Hadith texts, and scholarly interpretations of these sources. The study's findings show that numerous verses in the Qur'an and Hadiths emphasize the equal status of men and women in the eyes of God and the need for justice and fairness in all aspects of life, including gender relations, women's role in the domestic sphere, and women's role in the public sphere. Women's participation in domestic and public life is essential for the country's development and progress towards a better future, particularly in Indonesia. Therefore, it is crucial to continue exploring and analyzing the different perspectives on women's roles in Islam, including in the domestic and public spheres, to promote gender equality and empowerment. This can be achieved through the development of more progressive fiqh that considers the evolving needs and roles of women in society.

Analytical models of rotating magnetized gas filaments

ABSTRACT Several rotating molecular gas filaments with striking helical morphology have been observed in the Central Molecular Zone, including the Double Helix Nebula (DHN), the Galactic Centre Tornado (GCT), and the Pigtail Nebula (PTN). We present a model for isothermal, rotating, magnetized, pressure-truncated, non-self-gravitating filaments, as a model for these objects. We find a novel analytical stationary solution for these molecular tornadoes by assuming a propagating torsional Alfvén wave resulting in balance between toroidal magnetic stress and centrifugal force, as well as constant flux to mass ratio for the poloidal magnetic field. Our model allows for differential rotation and the density profile for the stationary solution goes asymptotically as r−1 at large radius for a special case where the flux to mass ratios for the poloidal and toroidal fields are constant inside the filament. We subject our stationary solutions to a virial analysis and show that they satisfy the virial equation for cylindrical symmetry $2\mathcal {K}+\mathcal {M}=0$. Finally, we estimate the ratio of gravitational potential energy per unit length, $\mathcal {W}$, to the bulk kinetic energy per unit length, $\mathcal {K}_0$, and calculate $|\mathcal {W}|/\mathcal {K}_0$ for the DHN, GCT, and PTN. Our estimates suggest that self-gravity is negligible in the DHN and the PTN and GCT are at most weakly self-gravitating. We also briefly address an application of our model to filamentary plasma lenses in the interstellar medium.

Bodies that Speak

The present article examines the treatment of spatial corporeality in Doris Lessing’s novella “The Eye of God in Paradise” (1957) set in Germany in the aftermath of the Second World War. Even though Lessing’s works have been studied from different perspectives—as the abundant critical studies show—, spatial corporeality has not been analysed before. This paper argues that the characters’ bodies, insofar as physical spaces of flesh and blood that are lived and where power is exerted, represent the trauma encountered by countless anonymous people who suffered due to the horrors of the war and who have only been made visible by the author’s skilled pen. By highlighting the corporeal spatiality in its physical, psychological, and sociohistorical division, Lessing has brought to the fore the intense suffering of unknown people, to give them identity as well as visibility and transform them into a locus of contesting power relations.

Bodies that Speak

The present article examines the treatment of spatial corporeality in Doris Lessing’s novella “The Eye of God in Paradise” (1957) set in Germany in the aftermath of the Second World War. Even though Lessing’s works have been studied from different perspectives—as the abundant critical studies show—, spatial corporeality has not been analysed before. This paper argues that the characters’ bodies, insofar as physical spaces of flesh and blood that are lived and where power is exerted, represent the trauma encountered by countless anonymous people who suffered due to the horrors of the war and who have only been made visible by the author’s skilled pen. By highlighting the corporeal spatiality in its physical, psychological, and sociohistorical division, Lessing has brought to the fore the intense suffering of unknown people, to give them identity as well as visibility and transform them into a locus of contesting power relations.

Evidence for the Disruption of a Planetary System During the Formation of the Helix Nebula

The persistence of planetary systems after their host stars evolve into their post-main-sequence phase is poorly constrained by observations. Many young white dwarf systems exhibit infrared excess emission and/or spectral absorption lines associated with a reservoir of dust (or planetesimals) and its accretion. However, most white dwarfs are too cool to sufficiently heat any circumstellar dust to detectable levels of emission. The Helix Nebula (NGC 7293) is a young, nearby planetary nebula; observations at mid- and far-infrared wavelengths have revealed excess emission associated with its central white dwarf (WD 2226-210). The origin of this excess is ambiguous. It could be a remnant planetesimal belt, a cloud of comets, or the remnants of material shed during the post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) phase. Here we combine infrared (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Spitzer, Herschel) and millimeter (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) observations of the system to determine the origin of this excess using multiwavelength imaging and radiative transfer modeling. We find the data are incompatible with a compact remnant planetesimal belt or post-AGB disk, and conclude the dust most likely originates from deposition by a cometary cloud. The measured dust mass, and lifetime of the constituent grains, implies disruption of several thousand Hale–Bopp equivalent comets per year to fuel the observed excess emission around the Helix Nebula’s white dwarf.

L’idéal corrompu et l’idéal retrouvé. La fonction de la métaphore dans le Donet baillié au roy Loÿs douzieme de Jean Molinet

The corrupted ideal and the rediscovered ideal. The function of metaphor in Donet baillié au roy Loÿs twelfth by Jean Molinet The subject matter of the analysis is an interesting poem by Jean Molinet. This paper focuses on the aspect of a certain nostalgia for the ideal which aims at both the semantic and poetic aspects of the poem. The existential ideal ‒ conceived from a spiritual perspective – is transmitted through a refined metaphorical system, conveying complex ideas and equivocal meanings, and covers two eponymous aspects, one of which turns out to be denied by the second. From an eschatological perspective, the author demonstrates how insignificant the old “worldly” ideal and alleged intellectual ideal will be in the eyes of God at the moment of Judgment. The opposition within the same metaphor of the two antithetical ideals is a process accentuating a revalorization of the existential perspective of the poet.

Beirut schools of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (1887-1914): a religious and political project of M. A. Cherkasova (based on materials from Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire)

The article examines the phenomenon of Maria Alexandrovna Cherkasova, the founder and permanent head of the Beirut schools of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society in 1887-1914. This woman implemented a project in which educational activities were organically combined with religion and feminism. The main message of M. A. Cherkasova is “a man and a woman are equal in the eyes of God.” High level of intelligence, deep religiosity, intolerance to hypocrisy and formalism, willingness to fight uncompromisingly for their ideals allowed M. A. Cherkasova will become one of the recognized leaders of the Beirut Orthodox community. Acting “for the Glory of God,” M. A. Cherkasova clashed with influential men: N. M. Anichkov, curator of Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society educational institutions, inspectors, Russian consuls in Beirut, Arab Selim Shkhade.The article is based on a study of a large number of unpublished sources stored in six files of the RIPPO Foundation from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. Of the greatest interest is a long letter from M. A. Cherkasova addressed to the chairman of the society, Elizabeth Fedorovna: a kind of confession, a “cry of the soul”, a final story about the activities of Beirut schools, as well as an alternative history of the activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society in the Middle East. The subjective opinion of M. A. Cherkasova is balanced by the assessments of other Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society employees: teachers A. S. Dubenskaya and A. F. Klementovskaya, inspector M. M. Nikanorov, as well as N. M. Anichkov and Elizaveta Fedorovna.The study of a large number of unique, previously unpublished documents makes it possible to make a psychologically reliable portrait of M. A. Cherkasova and objectively assess her achievements.

Managing incontinence in low-and middle income-countries: A qualitative case study from Pakistan.

Incontinence is a complex health and social issue, which involves the involuntary loss of urine or faeces or both. Individuals with disabilities are particularly vulnerable to incontinence. The management of incontinence has largely been overlooked in low and middle-income settings (LMICs). This study aimed to explore the incontinence management strategies employed by disabled people with severe incontinence and their caregivers in Sindh Province, Pakistan. Incontinence management was explored through in-depth interviews with people with incontinence (PWI) and their caregivers, photovoice, and a market survey and product attribute assessment. Data was analysed thematically through inductive coding and evaluated against existing disability and caregiver frameworks. Incontinence management affected all aspects of daily life for PWI and caregivers. Effective management of incontinence was prioritised because caregivers viewed it to be part of their familial duty and a requirement for the household to remain pure in the eyes of God. Coping strategies included strict adherence to routines, reducing food and drink intake, creative uses of locally available natural resources, and a heavy reliance on soap and water for maintaining hygiene. Products such as adult diapers were largely unavailable, costly and were not deemed suitable for regular use. There were no social or medical interventions in the region to support incontinence management. The main impacts of incontinence on the household were social isolation, stigma, role shifts within the family, the development of physical ailments among caregivers, and decreased income. The complex health, psychological, social, economic, and cultural impacts of incontinence are exacerbated in LMICs due a lack of recognition of the condition, the absence of social or medical interventions and limited access to basic WASH infrastructure, and assistive devices or products. Appropriate solutions need to be developed in partnership with PWI and caregivers and need to be contextualised, affordable and sustainable.

Sampling molecular gas in the Helix planetary nebula: Variation in HNC/HCN with UV flux

Context. Observations of molecular clouds, prestellar cores, and protoplanetary disks have established that the HNC/HCN ratio may be a potent diagnostic of molecular gas physical conditions. The processes that govern the relative abundances of these molecules nevertheless remain poorly understood. Aims. We seek to exploit the wide range of UV irradiation strengths within the ∼pc diameter Helix planetary nebula to explore the potential role of UV radiation in driving HNC/HCN. Methods. We performed IRAM 30 m and APEX 12 m radio line observations across six positions within the Helix Nebula, making use of radiative transfer and photodissociation modeling codes to interpret the results for line intensities and line ratios in terms of the molecular gas properties. Results. We have obtained the first detections of the plasma-embedded Helix molecular knots (globules) in HCN, HNC, HCO+, and other trace molecules. Analysis of the HNC/HCN integrated line intensity ratio reveals an increase with radial distance from the Helix central star. In the context of molecular line ratios of other planetary nebulae from the literature, the HNC/HCN ratio appears to be anticorrelated with UV emission over four orders of magnitude in incident flux. Models of the photodissociation regions within the Helix using the RADEX and Meudon codes reveal strong constraints on the column density (1.5–2.5 × 1012 cm−2) of the molecular gas, as well as pressure and temperature. Analysis of the molecular ion HCO+ across the Helix indicates that X-ray irradiation is likely driving HCO+ production in the outer regions of planetary nebulae, where photodissociation is limited but cold gas and ionized molecules are abundant. Conclusions. Although the observational results clearly indicate that UV irradiation is important in determining the HNC/HCN ratio, our photodissociation region modeling indicates that the UV flux gradient alone cannot reproduce the observed variation in HNC/HCN across the Helix Nebula. Instead, HNC/HCN appears to be dependent on both UV irradiation and gas pressure and density.

Kokoschka: The Untimely Modernist by Rüdiger Görner

Reviewed by: Kokoschka: The Untimely Modernist by Rüdiger Görner Claude Cernuschi Kokoschka: The Untimely Modernist. By Rüdiger Görner. Trans. by Debra S. Marmor and Herbert A. Danner. London: Haus Publishing. 2022. 352 pp. $29.95. ISBN 978–1912208814. Among art historians, biography enjoys a far from stellar reputation. If T. J. Clark openly declared his 'hatred' of the genre during a symposium on social art history in 1997, it was, presumably, because life histories (however thorough) frequently side-step the socio-political dimension of works of art. Biographers raise serious questions to be sure, but often sustain the 'great man' version of history, yielding to the temptation of lionizing artists as exceptional individuals who outpace the cultures from which they spring. Whether Rüdiger Görner's new study — an English translation of Oskar Kokoschka: Jahrhundertkünstler, published in 2018 by Zsolnay — will dispel these suspicions is difficult to say. But one may question the necessity for yet another biography of enfant terrible Expressionist Oskar Kokoschka. One says 'yet another' because four such studies already exist (Edith Hoffmann, Oskar Kokoschka: Life and Work, 1947; J. P. Hodin, Oskar Kokoschka: The Artist and His Time: A Biographical Study, 1966; Frank Whitford, Oskar Kokoschka: A Life, 1986; and Susanne Keegan, The Eye of God: A Life of Oskar Kokoschka, 1999). And while all acknowledge their predecessors, not one graces the bibliography of Görner's latest addition to the list (though Hoffmann's is cited in several footnotes). Surely, these antecedents do not deserve so ungenerous an omission, especially as the first two, for all their imperfections, relied on first-hand interactions with the artist himself. Granted, there is no shortage of revisionist embellishment, even downright fabulation, in Kokoschka's recollections (something his early biographers fully acknowledge). But the artist's direct testimony proved extremely valuable in elucidating the symbolism of his rather obscure wartime allegories. Without these elucidations, upon which Görner himself relies, hermetic pieces such as The Red Egg, The Crab or What We Are Fighting For would have remained largely unintelligible. Additionally, one might regret the rapidity with which Görner glosses over Kokoschka's formative years in Vienna, especially as these marked the important intellectual mentorship of Adolf Loos and Karl Kraus. No less pivotal was his subsequent sojourn in Berlin, during which he worked for the avantgarde periodical Der Sturm under the tutelage of Herwarth Walden. As deeply and enduringly as Alma Mahler's rejection wounded him, and as bizarre as his ill-fated attempt to commission a life-size doll to 'recreate' his lover may strike contemporary audiences, Kokoschka's connection to these important [End Page 199] cultural figures (and his place in the polemical debates they initiated) warrants comparable attention. Given Görner's literary background, and how seriously Kokoschka turned to theatrical endeavours, the study is stronger when outlining the artist's relationship with writers such as, say, Georg Trakl, Richard Dehmel, Rainer Maria Rilke and Thomas Mann. Equally welcome is his allowing the artist's ties with musicians to emerge in sharper relief: composers such as Ernst Křenek, Gottfried von Einem and Werner Egk, performers such as Yehudi Menuhin and Pablo Casals and directors such as Wilhelm Furtwängler, not just the usual suspects such as Schönberg, Berg and Webern. Görner is also effective when stressing the importance of pedagogy in Kokoschka's overall worldview: his lifelong fidelity to the principles of John Amos Comenius, and his commitment to his pupils' freedom to create in unconventional ways (which got him into trouble on more than one occasion). Since Kokoschka's writings on art prove rather nebulous, impeding the emergence of a lucid, workable aesthetic philosophy, his teaching practice provides a more useful entry point into his thought process, all the more so as he, perhaps naively, considered teaching to be a powerful political as much as pedagogical tool. Conveniently, the discussion of his teaching provides a natural segue into Görner's useful account of Kokoschka's activities in the public sphere, and of his lifelong political engagement. Against this backdrop, what emerges most sharply from Görner's biography is Kokoschka's complex, contradictory...

Donna Haraway’s Antiphilosophy: Objectivity Without Objectification

Donna Haraway’s article “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Femi- nism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective” (1988) has been translated into Rus- sian by Lolita Agamalova and Elena Kostyleva, and their translation is published for the first time in this issue of Logos. The translators provide a foreword which dis- cusses the relationship between power and knowledge as a central issue for Haraway and for feminist epistemology. For Haraway, this question primarily concerns posi- tions of power in the production of scientific knowledge. The foreword explores the context in which Haraway’s work emerged and its synthetic attitude toward both the social-constructionist approach to the problem of objectivity in science and femi- nist critical empiricism. Haraway’s position reaches a critical understanding of the metaphysical method as producing knowledge obtained “from nowhere,” knowledge as if seen by the eye of God. From her point of view, men undertake the production of knowledge as if they are disembodied, not burdened with corporeality, as if they have leaped out of their bodies (she calls this the “god trick”). As an alternative, Har- away suggests using other methods of visualization (vision from a specific point, an embodied position, a particular body) conceptualized by her as multiple “situated knowledges.” Taken to its limit, this approach would be antiphilosophical. But at the same time, what happens to philosophy itself if power and knowledge are denoted within it? Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe’s article La transcendance finit dans la politique (1981) is considered on this issue for its analysis of Heidegger’s attempt to assert the hegemony of philosophy over other sciences.

Satu Tungku Tiga Batu, Toleransi Hidup Beragama Masyarakat Fak-Fak: Tinjauan Ensiklik Fratelli Tutti

The purpose of this study is that the author wants to observe and analyze the extent to which the concept of religious tolerance is practiced in everyday life in a pluralistic society. Of course, one must have a special guideline that is used as a philosophy of living together, for example the philosophy of Satu Tunku Tiga Batu, present as a life guide for the Fak-Fak community in building the beauty of tolerance in religious relations which is also seen from the Fratelli Tutti Encyclical as a new ideology juxtaposed with traditional philosophy. which produces a common ground that teaches each individual to appreciate and appreciate the differences in society. The method used is a qualitative method through the process of obtaining data from literature studies and also the results of analysis from several related sources in order to obtain accurate data. From the results of this study, the researchers found that religious tolerance is basically a form of solidarity with others who appreciate that human life is equal to each other in the eyes of God even though they have different religious backgrounds, but must be able to show effective relationships between one religion and another.

A Study of the Extragalactic UV Radiation in Helix Nebula using GALEX

We have studied the ultraviolet sources using Galaxy Evolution Explorer medium imaging surveys in Helix Nebula and estimated UV fluxes by using aperture photometry in distant and near ultraviolet bands. The aperture photometric method produces reliable, accurate flux measurements and found inconsistent with the merged catalog of Galaxy Evolution Explorer. From the current results, the fluxes are consistent with brighter absolute magnitude up to 24.5 and the measurement error increases gradually to more than 50 % at the fainter magnitude side. Percentage of error in far UV is greater than near UV, due to the fact that brighter galaxies are more visible than the near UV sources. The diffuse UV contributors of zodiacal light, airglow contribution in the nebula were estimated. The total extragalactic UV radiation from the detected sources to the diffuse background in the nebula is of the order of 50 ± 14 photons cm-2sr-1s-1Å-1 in NUV band and 28 ±10 photons cm-2sr-1s-1Å-1 in FUV band.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 GALEX observations have the potential to find extragalactic UV sources
 Helix Nebula is first identified for distinct source detection
 Aperture photometric method can detect fainter sources up to the magnitude of 27
 Extragalactic sources in the Helix nebula contribute to diffuse UV emission in the nebula
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Seeing the world through the eyes of God: Reading the Book of Qoheleth in the light of Genesis 1:1–2:4a

Religious and existential concerns interweave in many books of the Bible to give attention to human’s existential anguish, the sense of guilt, the horror of death, the atrocious experience of the absurd. While many contemporary existentialist philosophers prefer to do without God in the attempt to deal with human’s existential contradictions, the search takes the authors of the Bible through intense spiritual struggles as they attempt to confront the belief in the goodness of God with the human experience of futility in all its facets. We want to seek a meeting point between the existentialist concerns of the book of Qoholeth with the profound theology of meaningfulness as elaborated in Genesis 1:1–2:4a. Our article therefore, has a decidedly pastoral orientation. We will attempt to move, through an analysis of select texts, to a re-affirmation of one of the spiritual truths that many mystics have tried to teach: that reason alone is not enough to guide the human person to the mysteries of life, the believer has to learn to unite with God or to the realities themselves to discover the fundamental goodness in many of the experiences that, in human perspectives, seem to be absurd.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: We believe such union is needed in a world where racism, violence to minorities, gender inequalities, homophobic attitudes are thickening the clouds of discrimination and threatening some to doubt the fundamental goodness of creation as made by God.