Eye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing Research Articles

EMDR and standard psychotherapy for paediatric cancer patients and their families: a pilot study.

This study examined the efficacy of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy compared with standard psychotherapy (SP) in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in paediatric oncology patients and their families in the early stage of cancer treatment. The secondary aim of this study was to assess whether EMDR therapy has a different impact on post-traumatic growth compared to SP. Forty patients were randomly assigned to EMDR or SP groups. The Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) and the Distress Thermometer (DT) were used to assess PTSD symptoms at pre-treatment (at cancer diagnosis) and in the post-treatment stages (after 8 sessions). The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-PTGI was administered in the post-treatment stage in order to evaluate positive changes. Both EMDR and SP are effective in reducing PTSD, but EMDR was significantly more effective than the SP in reducing scores on the IES-R, especially regarding the intrusive symptom subscale. Also, in the EMDR group there were higher scores of PTGI than in the standard group. EMDR thus represents a promising treatment in the paediatric psycho-oncology setting.

An EMDR-based intervention for the ‘Golfers’ Yips’: A case series

Abstract: Introduction: The yips in golfers is a task-specific movement disorder. Anxiety might play a role in its emergence and persistence. The objective was to report on the effect of an Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) based intervention on the yips by reducing anxiety. Methods: We present a case-series with seven golfers with observed right-handed yips. The participants were treated with EMDR in one or two sessions and were followed for one year. A bespoke Yips Rating Scale (YRS) was determined and golfing skills were assessed at baseline and after one year. Results: All participants completed treatment without complications. Follow-up data from six golfers after the intervention showed a positive effect of the EMDR based intervention on their yips symptoms. YRS scores improved after the intervention in 6 golfers (p=0.04) and golfers’ performance appeared to improve by an average of 20%. Conclusion: Anxiety might play a crucial role in the emergence and cultivation of the yips in golfers. The reduction of accompanying and anticipatory anxiety by means of EMDR in golfers seems safe and could be beneficial in diminishing the yips. Larger and better studies are needed to further evaluate the effect of EMDR in the golfer’s yips and other sport-related task-specific movement disorders.

EMDR Flash Technique in adolescents with depression: A twelve-week follow-up study.

This study aims to investigate the specific effects of the EMDR Flash Technique on adolescents with depression. This follow-up study consists of 32 adolescents, 12-17years of age (M = 14.34, SD = 1.56), including 7 males and 25 females. They were evaluated with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Children Revised Impact of Event Scale-8 (Crıes-8). These were administered at baseline, at the end of the 4th and 12th weeks of treatment. The EMDR Flash Technique which can be utilized in the preparation phase of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to reduce the intensity of highly distressing memories rapidly and relatively painlessly was applied for 12weeks, one session per week as a free-standing intervention. Also, the EMDR Flash Technique can be effective in decreasing the rate of noncompliance and drop-outs of adolescents. The baseline means of total BDI scores decreased from 48.19 to 2.16 at the end of the 12th week of treatment. Also, the CRIES scores decreased from 31.78 to 0.44 at the end of the 12th week of treatment. In addition, the baseline means of SUD scores decreased from 9.53 to zero at the end of the 12th week of treatment. Overall, our results underscore the effectiveness of the EMDR-Flash Technique in adolescents with depression.

Randomized trial on the effects of an EMDR intervention on traumatic and obsessive symptoms during the COVID-19 quarantine: a psychometric study.

It has been suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic was a potentially traumatic occurrence that may have induced generalized anxiety and discomfort, particularly in susceptible populations like individuals with mental illnesses. The therapeutic approach known as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to be successful in helping patients process traumatic events and restore wellbeing. Nevertheless, little is known about the precise processes through which EMDR fosters symptom recovery. In order to disentangle these issues, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT06110702) with 107 participants who were selected from university hospitals as a sample of investigation. Random assignments were applied to the participants in order to assign them to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group, but not the control group, underwent an 8-week EMDR intervention. Body perception, disgust, and emotions of guilt and shame, as well as mental contamination and posttraumatic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, were investigated before and after the EMDR intervention. The EMDR intervention was able to improve all of the variables investigated. Path analysis showed that body perception was able to predict both disgust and emotions of guilt and shame. Disgust was able to predict both mental contamination and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, while guilt and shame were able to predict post-traumatic symptoms. EMDR is an effective therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic and obsessive symptoms that acts through the promotion of improvement of the emotions of guilt/shame and disgust, respectively. Implications for clinical practice are examined. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT06110702.

Ho paura di strozzarmi

The authors report the case of an 8-year-old child who refused food for fear of choking, which started after an acute incident. Treatment with EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) was found to be effective.

The evolution and future of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy

SUMMARYEye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), a therapy initially developed by Dr Francine Shapiro for treating post-traumatic stress disorder, has broadened its scope to include other forms of stress and trauma, even showing promise for physical health conditions. This commentary on a series of three articles on EMDR in this journal outlines the therapy's underlying theoretical model, adaptive information processing (AIP), which involves trauma-focused case conceptualisation. It also introduces the work of the EMDR Council of Scholars, which identified three categories of treatment: EMDR psychotherapy, EMDR treatment protocols and EMDR-derived techniques. Finally, it considers EMDR training and credentialing and the aim of current leaders in the EMDR community to solidify EMDR's standing as a scientifically validated, front-line trauma therapy, while honouring Shapiro's legacy of striving to end the cycle of violence, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

The effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)-therapy on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and quality of life in patients with cancer

The effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)-therapy on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and quality of life in patients with cancer

Psychological intervention in women victims of childhood sexual abuse: a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing EMDR psychotherapy and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy.

Childhood sexual abuse persists as a painful societal reality, necessitating responses from institutions and healthcare professionals to prevent and address its severe long-term consequences in victims. This study implements an intervention comprising two psychotherapeutic approaches recommended by the WHO and international clinical guidelines for addressing short-, medium-, and long-term posttraumatic symptomatology: Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are adapted from group formats for implementation in small online groups via Zoom. The impact of both therapeutic approaches on trauma improvement was assessed in a sample of 19 women who were victims of childhood sexual abuse through a Randomized Clinical Trial comparing EMDR Psychotherapy and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy after a baseline period. Intra and inter comparison were made using statistics appropriate to the sample. Both therapeutic approaches significantly reduced symptomatology across various evaluated variables, suggesting their efficacy in improving the quality of life for these individuals. Following CBT-FT treatment, patients exhibited enhanced emotional regulation, reduced reexperiencing, and avoidance. The EMDR group, utilizing the G-TEP group protocol, significantly improved dissociation, along with other crucial clinical variables and the perception of quality of life. Although the limitations of this study must be taken into account due to the size of the sample and the lack of long-term follow-up, the results align with existing scientific literature, underscoring the benefits of trauma-focused psychological treatments. The online group format appears promising for enhancing the accessibility of psychological treatment for these women. Furthermore, the differential outcomes of each treatment support recent research advocating for the inclusion of both approaches for individuals with trauma-related symptomatology. The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Valencian International University (VIU) (Valencia, Spain) (Ref. CEID2021_07). The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to the scientific community. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04813224, identifier NCT04813224.

Психологическая помощь лицам в стадии острой травмы (на материале работы с жертвами террористического акта в «Крокус Сити Холле»)

<p>The paper presents a description of methods and techniques for providing psychological assistance to people in the acute stage of trauma, using specific cases of psychological counseling of clients in the days following a terrorist attack at Crocus City Hall as an example. The main research objectives were to identify characteristic signs of acute trauma and propose possible ways to provide psychological support for adults, children, and adolescents. The article analyzes domestic and international literature on the psychological consequences of terrorist attacks, considering the main mental disorders and symptoms associated with the trauma of being a witness, as well as methods and techniques for working with individuals who have experienced mental trauma. Five specific cases of people seeking psychological help are described in the article. Based on personal experience, the authors suggest a possible algorithm for dealing with trauma in witnesses and describe some effective techniques: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), breathing exercises, and imagotherapeutic techniques using a metaphor (“Resource (safe) place”, as well as techniques aimed at muscle relaxation and self-regulation.</p>

Exhausting, but necessary: the lived experience of participants in an intensive inpatient trauma treatment program.

Intensive inpatient treatment programs have shown robust results in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). How patients experience this treatment program and what changes they experience as a result of the treatment have, however, only scarcely been explored through qualitative studies. This study aimed to explore the lived experience of participants in an intensive inpatient trauma treatment program. Our research questions were as follows: how do patients experience intensive trauma-focused treatment? How do they experience possible changes related to participating in the treatment program? Six patients diagnosed with PTSD with significant comorbidities, who recently participated in an intensive 2-week (4 + 4 days) inpatient trauma treatment program with prolonged exposure (PE), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and therapist rotation (TR), were interviewed with a semi-structured qualitative interview. Transcripts were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Our analysis resulted in five main themes: (1) the need to feel safe; (2) the benefits of many and different therapeutic encounters; (3) variable experience with elements of treatment; (4) intensity; and (5) experienced change. Our results suggest that feeling safe within the framework of the treatment program facilitated the treatment process. Many and different therapeutic encounters, both through TR and with ward staff, contributed to experienced change. All participants described the intensity as facilitative to trauma processing. However, most participants also describe often feeling too overwhelmed to benefit from all elements of the treatment program. Our findings suggest that participants experience the overall treatment program as beneficial and contributing to experienced change. Participants described the intensity of the program as exhausting, but necessary. Most did, however, report at times of being too overwhelmed to benefit from elements of the program. Consequently, our results prompt us to question the optimal level of intensity. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05342480. Date of registration: 2022-04-22.

A randomized controlled trial of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia.

In addition to pharmacological treatment, psychotherapeutic approaches are recommended for the treatment of fibromyalgia. There is a suggestion that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy may be effective. This study aimed to investigate the impact of EMDR therapy on fibromyalgia symptoms, depression, sleep quality, and traumatic stress in fibromyalgia patients through a randomized controlled study (RCT). The sample for this study comprised 79 individuals diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the "Treatment as Usual" (TAU) group and the TAU + EMDR group. Prior to the study and at six different time points (before starting the study, at the end of the 5th, 10th, and 15th sessions, 1 month later, and 3 months later), participants completed assessments, including the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Fibromyalgia ACR 2010 Diagnostic Criteria [Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity Scale (SSS)], Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40). There were no differences in the sociodemographic variables between the study and experimental groups. Analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant group effect on VAS (p = 0.019), WPI (p = 0.018), BDI (p = 0.019), and TSC-40 (p = 0.21). After applying Bonferroni correction, EMDR was found to be effective for VAS, WPI, SSS, BDI, PSQI, and TSC-40 (p <0.05). The results of the current study suggest that EMDR therapy is a viable alternative treatment for fibromyalgia. We believe these findings offer robust evidence supporting the efficacy of EMDR therapy in treating fibromyalgia, particularly in the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The application of EMDR therapy for the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia is likely to be beneficial. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT06265194.

Visual EMDR stimulation mitigates acute varied stress effects on morphology of hippocampal neurons in male Wistar rats.

Stress is a pervasive health concern known to induce physiological changes, particularly impacting the vulnerable hippocampus and the morphological integrity of its main residing cells, the hippocampal neurons. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), initially developed to alleviate emotional distress, has emerged as a potential therapeutic/preventive intervention for other stress-related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Acute Variable Stress (AVS) on hippocampal neurons and the potential protective effects of EMDR. Rats were exposed to diverse stressors for 7 days, followed by dendritic morphology assessment of hippocampal neurons using Golgi-Cox staining. AVS resulted in significant dendritic atrophy, evidenced by reduced dendritic branches and length. In contrast, rats receiving EMDR treatment alongside stress exposure exhibited preserved dendritic morphology comparable to controls, suggesting EMDR's protective role against stressinduced dendritic remodeling. These findings highlight the potential of EMDR as a neuroprotective intervention in mitigating stress-related hippocampal alterations.

Clinical Efficacy of Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Analysis.

Background: This systematic review aggregates research on psychotherapeutic interventions for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. PTSD in this demographic presents differently from adults, necessitating tailored therapeutic approaches. In children and adolescents, PTSD arises from exposure to severe danger, interpersonal violence, or abuse, leading to significant behavioral and emotional disturbances that jeopardize long-term development. The review focuses on describing PTSD within two age groups, children (6 to 12 years) and adolescents (12 to 18 years), while evaluating the effectiveness of various clinical interventions aimed at this condition. Methods: Utilizing the PRISMA guidelines, this review systematically examines studies that assess clinical interventions for PTSD in the younger population. Results: Key symptoms of PTSD in children and adolescents include avoidance, overstimulation, flashbacks, depression, and anxiety. The review identifies several effective treatments, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused CBT (TF-CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Systemic Therapy, Play Therapy, Exposure Therapy, Relaxation Techniques, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Particularly, TF-CBT is highlighted as the most effective and commonly used method in treating childhood and adolescent PTSD, as supported by most of the studies reviewed. Conclusions: A significant outcome of this study is the short-term effectiveness of CBT in reducing PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents. The findings underline the importance of psychotherapeutic interventions and mark a substantial advancement in understanding PTSD in young populations. It is crucial for practitioners to integrate various psychotherapeutic strategies into their practice to improve patient outcomes and treatment efficacy.

Eye movement intervention facilitates concurrent perception and memory processing.

A widely used psychotherapeutic treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves performing bilateral eye movement (EM) during trauma memory retrieval. However, how this treatment-described as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)-alleviates trauma-related symptoms is unclear. While conventional theories suggest that bilateral EM interferes with concurrently retrieved trauma memories by taxing the limited working memory resources, here, we propose that bilateral EM actually facilitates information processing. In two EEG experiments, we replicated the bilateral EM procedure of EMDR, having participants engaging in continuous bilateral EM or receiving bilateral sensory stimulation (BS) as a control while retrieving short- or long-term memory. During EM or BS, we presented bystander images or memory cues to probe neural representations of perceptual and memory information. Multivariate pattern analysis of the EEG signals revealed that bilateral EM enhanced neural representations of simultaneously processed perceptual and memory information. This enhancement was accompanied by heightened visual responses and increased neural excitability in the occipital region. Furthermore, bilateral EM increased information transmission from the occipital to the frontoparietal region, indicating facilitated information transition from low-level perceptual representation to high-level memory representation. These findings argue for theories that emphasize information facilitation rather than disruption in the EMDR treatment.

A review of selected psychotherapies for PTSD, their efficacy and treatment guidelines in adults.

Around 2.5% of Poles will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during their lifetime. Recent events, i.e. the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, are the factors that will increase the number of people dealing with PTSD. Owing to that, this paper aims to review and familiarise readers with the available scientific evidence on psychotherapies of PTSD provided in Poland. A review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and a review of the most recent treatment guidelines concerning PTSD. The best available evidence points to high efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) with prolonged exposure and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Humanistic therapy also proves effective to a certain degree, but not as effective as therapies that use exposure to stimuli and memories associated with trauma. There is no evidence of the efficacy of psychodynamic therapy and methods based on polyvagal theory. Organisations preparing guidelines recommend primarily CBT and EMDR. Efficacious treatment of PTSD should include a protocol with a component of exposure to trauma-related memories and stimuli. It is recommended to use such therapies in the psychotherapeutic treatment of PTSD.

Feasibility of EMDR toward Personality Functioning in Older Adults with PTSD

ABSTRACT Objectives Severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in older adults (≥60 years) has been found to be associated with maladaptive personality functioning and personality disorders (PD). Emerging evidence in adults supports that reprocessing adverse events with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) could improve personality functioning and reduce full PDdiagnosis. Methods A multicenterfeasibilitystudy in 24 older PTSD-patients receiving weekly EMDR-sessions for either 3, 6 or 9 months. A linear-mixed-model was used with personality functioning (SIPP-SF) as dependent variable and time, PTSD-severity (CAPS-5), and “othertreatment” as predictor variables. Secondary, pre- and posttreatment percentages were calculated for the PDspresence. Results Symptom changes over time showed a significant influence of CAPS-5 on SIPP-SF (b = −1.40, 95% CI=[−2.48 to −0.33], p = .012), no significant effect of time for total SIPP-SF, and a significant improvement of SIPP-SF “identityintegration”-scale over time (b = 9.20, 95% CI=[0.97–17.42], p = .029). There was a marginal significant effect of “othertreatment” (b = 8.42, 95% CI=[−0.30–17.13], p = .058). There was 31% full PDs-decrease. Conclusions Observed improvements in personality functioning from pre to post EMDRtreatment were explained by PTSD-severity. Identityintegration improved significantly over time. Results suggest that participants with “othertreatment” showed more severe baseline-pathology and thus lower personality functioning. Clinical implications EMDR, in addition to being a feasible treatment option for older adults with PTSD, improves personality functioning and reduces the presence of PDs over time.’

The Effectiveness and Tolerability of an Intensive Outpatient Trauma Treatment Program for Adolescents With PTSD

Following the promising effects of an intensive trauma treatment for adults, the question arises whether adolescents suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can also benefit from a similar treatment program. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of an intensive trauma treatment program combining two evidence-based, trauma-focused therapies—prolonged exposure (PE) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)—with psychoeducation and physical activity for adolescents suffering from PTSD in an outpatient clinic. We used a multiple-baseline study design. Fifteen adolescents aged 12–18 years old with aDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(5th ed.) diagnosis of PTSD were included. Participants were randomized to wait 2, 3, or 4 weeks between the start of baseline and the start of the intervention. In the 2-week intervention period, participants received daily PE, EMDR, and physical activity. The social network of adolescents was involved for support. PTSD symptoms and treatment tolerability were assessed daily. PTSD diagnosis was assessed at baseline and at 1 month and 3 months after completion of treatment. In addition, semistructured interviews were conducted after treatment to determine the tolerability. After treatment, we found a diagnostic PTSD remission of 58%–62% and a decrease in PTSD severity compared with baseline. The effects were maintained at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. The dropout rate was 13%. Participants reported good treatment tolerability. This study provides initial evidence that an intensive outpatient trauma treatment including PE, EMDR therapy, psychoeducation, and physical activity is effective and tolerable for adolescents with PTSD and is associated with low dropout rates.

Revisiting Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Discussion of the American Psychological Association's 2017 Recommendations.

This literature review evaluates the efficacy and clinical applications of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The review highlights the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing PTSD symptoms and explores variations in treatment protocols, populations studied, and outcome measures. We conducted systematic searches of multiple databases, supplemented with manual searches and reference list exploration. The inclusion criteria focused on English-language studies published between January 2000 and June 2023, with a specific emphasis on adult psychiatric patients with PTSD receiving EMDR treatment. The review utilized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for narrative literature reviews. Out of 867 identified studies, 16 met the eligibility criteria. Most studies found that EMDR was superior in relieving PTSD when compared to controls. Eleven of the 16 selected studies demonstrated improvement in PTSD symptoms. An additional three studies noted an improvement in PTSD symptoms when compared to their waitlist control counterparts. One study found EMDR superior in combating depressive symptoms when compared to rapid eye movement desensitization. EMDR therapy is an appropriate treatment for PTSD. Although some studies compared to waitlist controls, and others have a small number of participants, the data supports the use of EMDR for PTSD. Future studies are needed to continue to better understand the mechanism and application in different populations.

Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for prolonged grief: theory, research, and practice.

Prolonged Grief Disorder occurs within 7-10% of the bereaved population and is a more complicated and persistent form of grief which has been associated with suicidality, mental health disorders, sleep disturbance, poor health behaviors, and work and social impairment. EMDR is a fitting treatment option for those with Prolonged Grief, focusing on processing past memories, blocks, current triggers, future fears, and preparing the person for living life beyond the loss in line with the Adaptive Information Processing Model and grief frameworks. This paper discusses the theory, research regarding the application of EMDR with prolonged grief, and gives insight and guidance to clinicians working in this area including a case example.

A randomized controlled trial comparing trauma-focused treatment with and without concurrent personality disorder treatment in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid borderline personality disorder

IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) often co-occur. There is growing motivation among clinicians to offer trauma-focused treatments, such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), to patients with PTSD and comorbid BPD. However, a large subgroup of these patients does not sufficiently respond to trauma-focused treatment and is more likely to be excluded or dropout from treatment. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) for BPD is well established and although there is some evidence that DBT combined with prolonged exposure is twice as effective in reducing PTSD symptoms than DBT alone, the comparative efficacy of trauma-focused treatment with and without concurrent PD treatment has not been investigated yet.ObjectivesThe current study will therefore evaluate the comparative clinical efficacy of EMDR with and without concurrent DBT in patients with PTSD and comorbid BPD.MethodsAdult patients were randomly assigned to EMDR with (n = 63) or without concurrent DBT (n = 63). A wide range of clinician-administered and self-report assessments were conducted before, during and up to six months after treatment. The longitudinal change in PTSD severity as the primary outcome was measured using multilevel mixed regression in SPSS. The present study is part of the overarching Prediction and Outcome Study in comorbid PTSD and Personality Disorders (PROSPER), which consists of a second RCT comparing trauma-focused treatment with and without concurrent PD treatment in patients with PTSD and cluster C PD.ResultsResults, available in January 2024, will reveal which treatment works best for this difficult-to-treat group of patients.ConclusionsThis is the first study to compare the clinical efficacy of EMDR with and without concurrent DBT in patients with PTSD and comorbid BPD. Results will reveal which treatment works best for this difficult-to-treat group of patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared