Eye-hand Coordination Test Research Articles

Comparing visio-spatial intelligence in amateur rugby and netball players using hand-eye coordination tests

Background: Research investigating the differences in visio-spatial skills (VSS) between athletes and non-athletes, as well as variations across sports, presents conflicting findings.Aim: The objective of this study was to determine if there exist significant differences in visio-spatial intelligence (VSI) skills between rugby players and netball players, and whether such disparities are present when comparing both groups to non-athletes.Setting: All participants, including the control group (non-athletes), rugby players and netball players, were recruited from the Zululand region of South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province, specifically from all premier league rugby and netball teams in the area.Methods: Participants underwent an optometric assessment, followed by an evaluation of VSS using six established tests: The Hart Near Far Rock, saccadic eye movement, evasion, accumulator, flash memory and ball wall toss tests.Results: The results revealed that rugby players significantly outperformed netball players in speed of recognition, peripheral awareness and hand-eye coordination (P = 0.000). Moreover, both rugby players and netball players performed significantly better than non-athletes in five of the six tests (P = 0.000), with the exception being the visual memory test (P = 0.809).Conclusion: This discrepancy in performance suggests that certain VSS are superior in athletes compared to non-athletes, highlighting potential implications for theories of vision, test selection and the development of sport-specific VSS testing batteries. Furthermore, the use of a hand-eye coordination-specific VSS test battery effectively differentiated between different sports.Contribution: The identified pattern was not consistent across all VSS tests, indicating that further research should explore the training methods employed by both sports, as these factors may contribute to the observed differences.

Study on the Impact of Implementing an Exercise Program Using Fitlight Technology for the Development of Upper Limb Coordinative Abilities in Basketball Players.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing a basketball-specific exercise program using Fitlight technology on the coordinative abilities (reactive coordination, reactive reaction time, and reactive movement combination capacity) of U14 and U16 junior basketball players. This study included 70 male basketball players, 36 subjects U14 and 34 subjects U16, divided into two equal groups for each age category: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). This study included an initial and a final test, between which, training was conducted over a period of 18 weeks. For the EG, the program aimed to develop coordinative abilities through an experimental program that utilized Fitlight technology, while the control groups underwent an identically timed program, but their training did not include the use of technology. Four tests were adapted and applied: the Reactive Reaction Test, Choice Reactive Reaction Test, Reactive Hand-Eye Coordination Test, and a test to evaluate the reactive capacity for combining movements. The results of this study showed statistically significant progress between the initial and final tests for the experimental group, p < 0.05. The Cohen's d values for the experimental groups were above 0.8, indicating a very large effect size, while for the control group, these values were small to medium. The comparative analysis of the experimental groups U14 and U16 and control groups shows statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental groups U14 and U16. This study highlights the effectiveness of implementing specific training programs that use modern technologies in developing coordinative abilities in the training and evaluation process of junior basketball players.

Effect of Immersive Virtual Reality Environment on Reaction Time, Agility and Coordination among Collegiate Students

Background: Virtual reality is the sum of the hardware and software systems that seek to perfect an all-inclusive, sensory illusion of being present in another environment which is applied to a broad range of sports such as skiing, goalkeeping rugby union, baseball and basketball, pistol shooting and cycling speed. Reaction time is the elapsed time between stimulus onset and an individual’s response on elementary cognitive tasks. Coordination is the capability to perform a sequence of movements rhythmically smoothly and accurately. Agility refers to the capacity to quickly change the location of the entire body in space with quickness and accuracyObjectives: The main objective of this study was to see the effect of virtual reality table tennis on coordination, reaction time and agility among collegiate students.Material and Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 collegiate students of age group 18-24 years were taken. The subjects were divided into two groups as group A and group B of 30 each. Group A played table tennis game in real environment and group B played table tennis in virtual environment. Pre and post score were taken for coordination, reaction time and agility using hand eye coordination test, plate tapping test and Davies test respectively. The data was collected, compiled and analyzed.Result:Descriptive statistics, paired &amp; unpaired ‘t’ test were used for the intra-group and intergroup comparison.Significant improvements were seen in post scores of coordination, reaction time and agility in both groups at 0.05 level in both real and virtual table tennis groups. However, when both groups were compared, non-significant differences were observed in all the variables.Conclusion:The study concluded that virtual reality table tennis is as effective as real table tennis in improving reaction time, coordination and agility among collegiate students.

Effect of Quality of Sleep on Choice Reaction Time, Coordination and Fatigue Level in Football Players

Introduction: The relationship between sleep quality and athletic performance is an important but little-researched topic in the immense world of football. This study aims to provide insight into how sleep quality affect football players’ choice reaction time, coordination, and fatigue levels, providing important information for training optimisation and improving on-field performance. Aim: To examine the effects of sleep quality on the athletic performance of young football players. Materials and Methods: A total of 40, (U-17)-developmental stage male football players who were able to perform functional keys for choice reaction time task from Chandigarh Football Association were recruited using non-probability convenience sampling. Correlational design was employed to assess sleep quality and fatigue levels using Sleep Quality Scale-(SQS) and Fatigue Assessment Scale-(FAS). Choice reaction time and coordination was determined via Deary liewald reaction time task software and Hand-eye coordination test respectively. Quantitative analysis was conducted by Karl Pearson’s coefficient correlation. Results: Study found a non significant weak positive relationship between sleep quality and choice reaction time, [r (40)=0.025, p=0.881], significant moderate positive relationship between sleep quality and coordination, [r (40)=0.433, p=0.005], and significant moderate negative relationship between sleep quality and fatigue level, [r (40)=-0.517, p=0.001]. Increased sleep quality improved coordination and reduced fatigue levels, while choice reaction time showed no significant improvements. Conclusion: Sleep quality significantly impacts coordination and fatigue levels, but no effect was observed on choice reaction time. Future research should explore various sports with a larger sample size.

Evaluation of cognitive and psychomotor faculties in relation to mood-related symptoms under the conditions of sleep deprivation.

Deprivation of sleep (DS) has been associated with changes in mood and cognitive function, rapidly but transiently improving the severity of depression symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether there are differences in performance between DS responders and non-responders. The relationship between DS, mood, cognitive, and psychomotor function is also poorly understood. Participants (n = 77) underwent a baseline assessment of sleep under the control of polysomnography (PSG). Later they were subjected to DS with actigraphy monitoring. Evaluation of mood as well as completing a battery of tests assessing cognitive functions and eye-hand coordination was conducted four times, pre/post PSG and DS. Participants were further divided into respondents (RE, n = 48) and non-respondents (NR, n = 29) depending on alleviation of depression symptoms severity following DS. All participants exhibited increased response speed to visual triggers after DS compared to baseline (p = 0.024). Psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) results remained intact in the RE, whereas it was increased in the NR (p = 0.008). Exposure time in the eye-hand coordination test improved in both groups, but total error duration was reduced only in RE individuals (p < 0.001, p = 0.009 for RE and NR, respectively). All subjects were more proficient at trail-making test (p ≤ 0.001 for Part 1 and 2 in all, NR, RE). Stroop test also improved regardless of mood changes after DS (p = 0.007, p = 0.008 for Part 1 and 2, respectively); cognitive interference remained at a similar level within groups (p = 0.059, p = 0.057 for NR and RE, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between the difference in PSG morning/DS morning depression severity and vigilance (R = 0.37, p = 0.001, R = 0.33, p = 0.005, for error duration eye-hand coordination test and PVT total average score, respectively). RE tend to maintain or improve cognitive function after DS, oppositely to NR. Vigilance in particular might be tightly associated with changes in depression symptoms after DS. Future studies should examine the biological basis behind the response to sleep loss.

The influence of selected anthropometric parameters on psychomotor abilities among professional Rugby Union players

BackgroundOne of the most popular varieties of rugby is Rugby Union, in which a team consists of 15 players. Rugby Union is a full-contact sport, and players must demonstrate strength, endurance, speed and agility. During the match, players participate in multiple physical collisions and tackles, short-duration and high-intensity sprinting efforts. In addition, one of the elements affecting the effectiveness of the player’s game can be the reaction time of the rugby player to the visual stimulus and the ability to read the game and react to the situations on the pitch. The level of psychomotor abilities of a person or a player practising sports can be influenced by various factors, including age, body height, body weight, type of sport practised or level of training. The study aimed to analyse the psychomotor abilities of professional rugby union players, investigate the relationship between the selected anthropometric characteristics and psychomotor abilities, and compare obtained results with the control group.MethodsThe study covered 22 players of the Polish National Team (age: 29.3 ± 5.4) and 27 students in the control group (age: 24.3 ± 3.9). The tests were carried out using the Test2Drive computer system of tests. For psychomotor abilities analysis, four tests were used: Simple Reaction Test, Choice Reaction Time Test, Hand-Eye Coordination Test and Spatial Orientation Test. The statistical analysis compares groups using basic statistical measures, and statistically significant differences between groups were checked. In addition, multiple linear regression was used.ResultsThe analysis showed statistically significant differences between the groups in the simple reaction time test and the movement time for the test assessing reaction time with choice and eye-hand coordination. Multiple regression analysis conducted for both groups showed a statistically significant influence of some anthropometric parameters on the examined psychomotor abilities. The calculated multiple regression models had a high fit.ConclusionsThe analysis showed that professional Rugby Union players have shorter movement time than the control group. For reaction time, statistically significant differences were observed only for simple reaction time. Moreover, linear regression analysis showed that body height and weight affect the selected psychomotor abilities.

Korean Versions of the Reading Test and Visual Perception Test for Children Treated for Unilateral Amblyopia

Purpose: Reading speed and visual perception are used to evaluate visual function in children with amblyopia. This study used standardized tests to evaluate binocular reading performance and visual motor function in children treated for unilateral refractive amblyopia.Methods: In a prospective pilot study, reading and visual perception were evaluated in children aged 5-12 years who were diagnosed with unilateral refractive amblyopia between September 2020 and March 2021. To evaluate reading skills, the Readability Diagnostic Assessment and Korean Language-based Reading Assessment (KOLRA) were administered. The Korean version of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-Third Edition (K-DTVP-3) test was used to evaluate visual perception function.Results: Reading ability and visual perception function were evaluated in 10 patients with unilateral refractive amblyopia. In the reading fluency test, the average reading speed of the patients was 185 ± 78.2 words per minute (WPM), and did not differ from that of the control group provided by KOLRA (p &gt; 0.05). The general visual perception score was not significantly different from that of the controls. Among subtests of the K-DTVP-3, the hand coordination and figure-background tests scored 32.3 ± 17.7% and 29.9 ± 18.7%, respectively, lower than 50% of the normal average. The scores of the eye-hand coordination (r2 = 0.585, p = 0.01) and figure-background (r2 = 0.482, p = 0.03) tests were significantly correlated with the subject’s best-corrected visual acuity.Conclusions: In this study, there was no significant difference in reading fluency between the patients and controls. Among the K-DTVP-3 subtests, the average scores of the hand coordination and figure-background tests were lower than normal. Further studies are required to determine whether the reading fluency test and K-DTVP-3 reflect visual perception deficits in amblyopic patients.

The Influence of Training Methods and Eye-Hand Coordination Against the Results of Volleyball’s Top Serve Skills

This study aimed to determine: (1) differences in the effect of mass training methods and service distance manipulation methods on the results of volleyball topspin skills and (2) differences in volleyball topspin results with good and low hand-eye coordination. Eye-hand coordination on top spin volleyball skills and (3) training methods and hand-eye coordination on top spin volleyball skills. This research method used an experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial design, with a total of 42 people including coaches from the Citra Dara Volleyball Course Institute. The samples taken from this study were 22 people using a purposive sampling technique. The hand-eye coordination test and the volleyball serve test were used in the research instrument, along with the Russell-Lange volleyball serve test. Data analysis techniques using Anava. The results of this study indicate that: (1) there is a significant difference between the mass training method and the distance manipulation training method in the volleyball top spin results, and (2) there is a significant difference. the result of volleyball peak spin between coaches with high hand-eye coordination and low hand-eye coordination, and (3) training methods and upper server hand-eye coordination affect the results of the game volleyball service.

Contribution Of Arm Muscle Power , Lemb Muscle Power , And Hands Eye Coordination On Ability Jump Shoot On Students Ekstrakuricular Sman 1 Pasir Penyu Basketball

The goal to be achieved in this study was to find out how much the contribution of arm muscle power, leg muscle power and hand eye coordination to the ability to jump shoot in basketball extracurricular students at SMAN 1 Pasir Penyu. This type of research is research using multiple linear regression tests , The multiple linear regression method aims to determine how much influence the independent variables have on the existing dependent variable. In this research, the variable (X 1 ) is arm muscle power, variable (X 2 ) is leg muscle power, variable (X 3 ) is hand eye coordination and the dependent variable (Y) is jump shoot ability . The research was conducted at SMAN 1 Pasir Penyu on basketball extracurricular students . SMAN 1 Pasir Penyu is located right in Indragiri Hulu Regency . The time used to carry out this research was for two days starting from the 5th of March 2023 And the 9th of march 202 3 . The sample was taken by Total Sampling, where the entire population was used as a sample, amounting to 12 extracurricular basketball students at SMAN 1 Pasir Penyu . The instruments to be used in this study were the Two Hand Medicine Ball Chest Pass Test, the Vertical Jump Test, the Hand Eye Coordination Test and the Jump Shoot Ability Test . Based on the calculation results, there is a contribution of arm muscle power, leg muscle power and hand eye coordination to the ability to jump shoot in basketball extracurricular students at SMAN 1 Pasir Penyu by 9.4% with a score in the low category .

The Relationship between Arm Muscle Strength and Hand-Eye Coordination on Underpassing Skills in Volleyball Extracurricular Students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between arm muscle strength and hand-eye coordination on the underhand passing skills of volleyball extracurricular female students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru. The type of research is correlation. The population and sample in this study were 14 extracurricular students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru. The research instruments used were arm muscle strength tests, hand eye coordination tests and underhand passing tests. The data analysis technique used is the correlation value test. Based on the results of research that has been conducted at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru, in this case the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) There is a contribution of arm muscle strength to the results of lower passing in volleyball extracurricular students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru with a contribution amount of 0.224 with Low category. (2) There is a contribution of hand-eye coordination to the results of underhand passing in volleyball extracurricular students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru with a contribution amount of 0.180 in the Very Low category. (3) There is a contribution of arm muscle strength and eye-hand coordination to the results of underhand passing in volleyball extracurricular students at Taruna Satria Pekanbaru Vocational School with a contribution amount of 0.300 in the Low category and a percentage of 9%.

The Relationship between Arm Muscle Strength and Hand-Eye Coordination on Underpassing Skills in Volleyball Extracurricular Students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between arm muscle strength and hand-eye coordination on the underhand passing skills of volleyball extracurricular female students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru. The type of research is correlation. The population and sample in this study were 14 extracurricular students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru. The research instruments used were arm muscle strength tests, hand eye coordination tests and underhand passing tests. The data analysis technique used is the correlation value test. Based on the results of research that has been conducted at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru, in this case the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) There is a contribution of arm muscle strength to the results of lower passing in volleyball extracurricular students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru with a contribution amount of 0.224 with Low category. (2) There is a contribution of hand-eye coordination to the results of underhand passing in volleyball extracurricular students at SMK Taruna Satria Pekanbaru with a contribution amount of 0.180 in the Very Low category. (3) There is a contribution of arm muscle strength and eye-hand coordination to the results of underhand passing in volleyball extracurricular students at Taruna Satria Pekanbaru Vocational School with a contribution amount of 0.300 in the Low category and a percentage of 9%.

Evaluación del entrenamiento visual sobre habilidades físicas y funciones visuales en adultos mayores de Bucaramanga, Colombia

Introduction: Visual training has been used to improve locomotion fall risk in older adults. Objective: This study evaluates the effects of visual training on physical abilities and visual functions of older adults from Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study of older adults who underwent visual evaluation and assessment of physical abilities through the Senior Fitness Test, a standardized obstacle course, and the eye-hand coordination test. For 10 weeks, all adults attended daily recreational physical activities. Additionally, those assigned to the experimental group received a weekly session of visual training. Results: A total of 52 adults with a median age of 68.5 years were enrolled. Of the participants, 84.21% (48) were female and 93.94% were obese. Normal values were presented for aerobic resistance and lower and upper limb strength. Overall, 91.3% (21) had no ocular pathologies impacting visual acuity. Those who received visual training showed statistically significant improvements in the time it took to run the obstacle course and on the eye-hand coordination test. Conclusions:Visual training has a positive effect on hand-eye coordination, vision-mediated locomotion, and balance in older adults. These results suggest that virtual reality may enhance reaction speed, balance, and coordination.

Can perceptuo-motor skills outcomes predict future competition participation/drop-out and competition performance in youth table tennis players? A 9-year follow-up study.

Tools that provide a fair estimate of young table tennis players' potential and their chances to succeed will support making decisions whether to commit to an extensive development program and the accompanying lifestyle. Consequently, this study included two research questions (RQ) to evaluate the capability of the Dutch perceptuo-motor skills assessment to predict competition participation/drop-out (RQ1) and competition performance (RQ2) in young table tennis players (n = 39; 7-11 years) using a tracking period of 9 years. The perceptuo-motor skills assessment consists of eight tests assessing gross motor function (i.e., sprint, agility, vertical jump) and ball control (i.e., speed while dribbling, aiming at target, ball skills, throwing a ball and eye-hand coordination). A Cox regression analysis demonstrated that a higher level of ball control was associated with a lower risk to drop-out from table tennis competition. The eye-hand coordination test appeared to be most suitable since it was the only test included in the multivariable Cox regression model (HR = .908; p = .001) (RQ1). Similarly, a multilevel regression analysis showed that a higher level of ball control was associated with a higher future competition performance. The eye-hand coordination and aiming at target tests were included in the multivariable multilevel model (p < 0.05; R2 = 36.4%) (RQ2). This evaluation demonstrates promising prospects for the perceptuo-motor skills assessment to be included in a talent development programme. Future studies are needed to obtain valid thresholds scores and clarify the predictive value in a larger sample of youth competition players.

Hubungan Antara Koordinasi Mata-mata dan Kelentukan Togok Dengan Hasil Pukulan Clear pada Siswa Putra Ekstrakurikuler Bulutangkis di SMP Negeri 4 Muara Enim

The problem in this study is whether there is a relationship between eye-hand coordination andstriking flexibility with the results of hitting clears on male badminton extracurricular students atSMP Negeri 4 Muara Enim? The purpose of this study was to find out how much the relationshipbetween eye-hand coordination and the flexibility of the kick with the results of clear shots in malebadminton extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 4 Muara Enim. The research method used wascorrelational. The population is 12 male students who take part in badminton extracurricularactivities at SMP Negeri 4 Muara Enim. Sampling used a total sampling technique, in which thesample used was the entire population of 12 male extracurricular badminton students at SMPNegeri 4 Muara Enim. The data collection technique in this study was an eye-hand coordination test by throwing the ball against the wall, striking flexibility through the sit and reach test and clear results through the smash test. The analysis technique uses the multiple correlation formula. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that the correlation coefficient between eye-hand coordination (X1) and flexibility of the stick (X2) with the result of a clear shot (Y) is Ryx12 = 0.66. This value indicates a strong level of relationship based on the value of the r-valueinterpretation table because it is between 0.60-0.799. This shows that there is a significantrelationship between hand-eye coordination (X1) and torso flexibility (X2) with a clear result (Y).This proves the alternative hypothesis (Ha) that the authors propose, namely that there is asignificant positive relationship between hand-eye coordination (X1) and flexibility of the toe (X2)with the result of a clear hit (Y) in badminton extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 4 MuaraEnim is proven. correct and acceptable.

Survey Hand-eye Coordination Ability of Tarung Derajat Athletes Bantul

The purpose of this study was to determine the eye-hand coordination ability of the Tarung Derajat Athletes in Bantul Regency. This study used a descriptive research design with a survey method. The population of this study amounted to 12 Tarung Derajat athletes, Bantul Regency. . The sample in this study used a total sampling technique of 12 Tarung Derajat athletes, both male and female, Bantul Regency. Data collection techniques used in this study were tests and measurements. Data analysis in this study used SPSS version 25. Based on the results of research analysis with a sample of 12 fighting athletes, the average eye-hand coordination was 11.25 with a standard deviation of 3.744, the highest score was 19 and the lowest score was 5. Then the results of the eye-hand coordination test showed that the number of athletes who were categorized as poor was 3 alit, the moderate category consisted of 5 athletes, the good category consisted of 3 athletes and the excellent category consisted of 1 athlete. So it can be concluded that the majority of Tarung Derajat athletes' eye-hand coordination abilities in Bantul Regency are in the moderate category.

THE EFFECT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING ON HIGH-INTENSITY ACTIONS AND TECHNIQUE IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS: A TRAINING PROGRAM

It is aimed to determine the level of influence of proprioceptive training applied to young football players on high-intensity actions and footballspecific skills of football players. The research group consists of 30 male football players (age = 15.86 ± 0.69). The participants were divided into 2 groups as proprioceptive training group (PTG) and control group, each consisting of 15 football players. The body height and body weight of the participants were measured. Hand-eye coordination, vertical jump, sprint, agility, and core endurance tests, which are defined as high-intensity actions, were applied to the participants. Dynamic balance performances of the participants were also determined. Passing, ball control and dribbling were measured by international tests to determine the participants' football-specific skills. No significant differences were found between the groups in the comparison of PTG and CG in terms of high-intensity actions (p&gt;0.05). There was also no significant difference in the comparison of the dynamic balance performance of both dominant and non-dominant feet (p&gt;0.05). Significant differences were determined in favor of the PTG group in the variables of football-specific skills such as pass shot rate and the number of ball control (p0.05). As a result, it can be stated that in addition to football training, proprioceptive training contributes positively to the development of skills such as passing and ball control, which we can show among the basic football skills.

Primary School Pupils: Unequal GMC Developmental Pathways in a Single School Year.

Gross motor coordination (GMC) is essential for the development of specific motor skills and long-term participation in physical activities and sports. Group analysis reveals that, on average, children develop these skills gradually; however, how individuals develop GMC is less clear. The main aim of this study is to increase the understanding of developmental patterns within one school year, and whether children’s grade, gender, or baseline GMC proficiency are associated with these developmental patterns. In total, 2594 Dutch children aged 6–12 years performed the modified Körper Koordinations Test für Kinder (KTK3+) twice in one school year (autumn and spring). The KTK3+ includes four subtests: walking backwards, moving sideways, jumping sideways, and eye-hand coordination (EHC) test. On average, children developed significantly on all subtests (p < 0.001). At baseline, children in higher grades scored significantly higher than children in lower grades, and children in grades 5 and 6 (age 9 and 10 years) showed most development (raw scores on average, p < 0.001). Boys outperformed girls on EHC across all grades, whereas girls outperformed boys on walking backwards. Nevertheless, both boys and girls developed similarly. Children with lower scores at baseline developed more quickly across all grades. Noteworthy is that 12.1–24% (depending on the test item) of the children scored lower in the spring than in the autumn tests. On average, children develop their GMC; however, we report large differences in their individual trajectories and note that a substantial number did not show a positive GMC development. Further research should examine GMC development with more possible influencing factors as well as over a longer time span to better understand differences in children’s GMC development. This may result in more individualized programs in PE lessons, enabling children to optimally develop their GMC, and better use of GMC assessment tools to monitor children’s development.

Effect of the Complex Exercises in Hemsball on Attention and Coordinative Skills of Adolescents with Hearing Loss

Introduction: In this study the objective was to determine the effects of the complex exercises in hemsball on the attention and coordinative skills among adolescents with hearing loss.Method: 20 hearing-impaired students were divided into two groups as experimental and control. A training program consisting of the complex exercises in hemsball was applied to adolescents with hearing loss for one hour, three days per week, for a period of 10 weeks. Bourdon Attention Test, Simple Reaction Time Test and balance test of Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Profiency (BOT-2) motor competence sub-items and Alternate Hand Wall Toss Test for hand-eye coordination measurements were utilized for data collection. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics and two factor analysis of variance for repeated measures were used for the difference between pre-test and post-test average values for each group.Findings: While significant effect of complex exercises in hemsball on attention, hand-eye coordination, balance and reaction test (dominant hand) was observed in the experimental group, no significant difference was noted in the mean values of the reaction test (non-dominant hand).Discussion: It is especially important to develop and promote exercise programs tailored to the needs of adolescents with hearing loss with attention and coordination issues.Conclusion: The complex hemsball exercises indicated in this study should be considered as an alternative game for adolescent with hearing loss in terms of attention, focus and concentration, hand-eye-foot coordination, balance and reaction time.

Characteristics of the level of psychomotor abilities of female handball players.

BackgroundHandball is a high-intensity game, during which players run, change directions with or without the ball, interact with the opponent and make different decisions in both offensive and defensive actions. Players‘ performance may depend on a number of factors, including explosive force, power, speed and agility. Players‘ results may be significantly influenced by their, psychomotor abilities. This article presents an analysis of selected psychomotor abilities of female handball players at different level of competition.MethodsTest2Drive computer tests were used. The following four tests were used to measure psychomotor abilities: the Simple Reaction Time Test (SIRT), the Choice Reaction Time Test (CHORT), the Hand-Eye Coordination Test and the Spatial Anticipation Test (SPANT). The study covered a group of 118 female handball players (average age 19.6 ± 3.16), playing in the PGNiG Polish Women’s Superliga, the Polish 1st Handball League and 2nd the Polish 2nd Handball League, in the playing positions: goalkeepers, centre players, pivot players and wing players. The study also included analyses of the players‘ body composition and aerobic capacity through the use of the multistage 20-m shuttle run test. In addition, the players‘ psychomotor abilities were analysed depending on the level of competition and playing position.ResultsThe analysis of the reaction time and movement time showed statistically significant differences between the results obtained by the female handball players on different levels of competition. Moreover the female players from the Polish Women’s Superliga exhibited the fastest reaction times according to the SIRT, the CHORT and the SPANT. Additionally, on the basis of the linear Pearson correlation coefficient, a statistically significant relationship was determined between the players‘ psychomotor abilities (movement time in the SIRT, the CHORT and the SPANT) and elements of their body composition or aerobic capacity.ConclusionsThe analysis showed that the higher the level of competition (leagues), the shorter the female handball players‘ reaction times. The study also revealed that the players‘ body mass index and percentage of fat content reassociated with movement times, while their aerobic capacity (measured in the multistage 20-m shuttle run test) had a significant influence on their reaction times. This study shows that reaction time it’s one of ability which should be consider to develop in training of female handball players.

Effects of Capoeira on children's executive functions: A randomized controlled trial

PurposeA growing body of evidence suggests that the benefits of exercise go far beyond physical health and may include cognitive gains. Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian martial art that challenges Executive Functions (EFs), and inspires children's commitment in an environment characterized by positive affect, inclusiveness, and camaraderie. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Capoeira on EFs in children. The secondary aims were to look at the effects of Capoeira on academic achievement and motor function and to look at dose-response effects of Capoeira on EF. MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 67 children (aged 8–13 years) were randomly assigned to Capoeira instruction (n = 37) or a wait-list control group (n = 30). Children in the Capoeira group participated in 60-min Capoeira classes three times per week. The Stroop Test, EF subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, an Academic Achievement Test, agility and eye-hand coordination tests were conducted before and after the intervention period. ResultsANCOVA analyses, controlling for sex and age, revealed that children who attended at least 70% of the Capoeira classes improved more in eye-hand coordination than the control group. There was also a positive association between EF improvement and the number of Capoeira classes attended. ConclusionThe results suggest that Capoeira practice benefits eye-hand motor coordination in children and that the improvements in EFs might be dose-dependent. The results highlight the need for further studies to determine the potential advantages of adopting Capoeira as a holistic movement practice for children.